body mass index

Binge eating disorder is a medical syndrome in which, according to currently accepted definitions, people: feel their eating is out of control; eat what most people would think is an unusually large amount of food; eat much more quickly than usual during binge episodes; eat until so full they are uncomfortable; eat large amounts of food, even when they are not really hungry; eat alone because they are embarrassed about the amount of food they eat; f ...

Including:

• Binge eating disorder - Occurrence and risk factors
• Binge eating disorder - Causes
• Binge eating disorder - Complications
• Binge eating disorder - Dieting
• Binge eating disorder - Treatment

Read more here: » Binge eating disorder: Encyclopedia - Binge eating disorder

Adjustable gastric banding is a form of weight loss surgery (bariatrics) designed for obesity patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or greater. It employs an inflatable silicone band which is implanted around the top portion of a person’s stomach via laparoscopic surgery. The implanted device creates a small pouch at the top of the stomach which fills up quickly and restricts the movement of the food into the bottom part of the stomach. This restriction creates a feeling of fullness which helps the person to eat less and there ...

Including:

• Adjustable gastric band - History of the procedure and device
• Adjustable gastric band - Indications
• Adjustable gastric band - Gastric banding as an alternative to other weight loss surgeries
• Adjustable gastric band - Losing weight after surgery
• Adjustable gastric band - Post-surgical diets
• Adjustable gastric band - The LAP-BAND in Australia
• Adjustable gastric band - Documented adverse effects
• Adjustable gastric band - Band & Port Specific
• Adjustable gastric band - Digestive
• Adjustable gastric band - Body as a whole
• Adjustable gastric band - Miscellaneous
• Adjustable gastric band - Celebrities
• Adjustable gastric band - Manufacturers

Read more here: » Adjustable gastric band: Encyclopedia - Adjustable gastric band

Body image is a person's perception of his or her physical appearance. A person with a poor body image will perceive his or her own body as being unattractive or even repulsive to others, while a person with a good body image will see him or herself as attractive to others, or will at least accept his or her body in its current form. Perceived body image is not necessarily related to any objective measure or the average opinion of other people; a person who has a poor body image may be rated as beautiful by others, and a person with a good body image may be rated as unattractive by others. Body image ...

Including:

• Body image - Research: Measuring Body Image
• Body image - Causes and Influences
• Body image - Relationship to Psychological Disorders
• Body image - Attractiveness and Social Issues
• Body image - Information on Specific Minority Populations
• Body image - Native Americans
• Body image - Work cited

Read more here: » Body image: Encyclopedia - Body image

Cardiovascular disease refers to the class of diseases that involve the heart and/or blood vessels (arteries and veins). While the term technically refers to any disease that affects the cardiovascular system, it is usually used to refer to those related to atherosclerosis (arterial disease). These conditions have similar causes, mechanisms, and treatments. Over 50 million Americans have cardiovascular problems, and most other Western countries face high and increasing rates of cardiovascular disease. It is the number 1 cause o ...

Including:

• Cardiovascular disease - Forms
• Cardiovascular disease - Risk factors
• Cardiovascular disease - Prevention
• Cardiovascular disease - Treatment
• Cardiovascular disease - Research
• Cardiovascular disease - Reference

Read more here: » Cardiovascular disease: Encyclopedia - Cardiovascular disease

Underweight refers to a human who is considered to be under a healthy weight. The definition is usually made with reference to the body mass index (BMI). Most consider individuals under 18.5 to be underweight - although some authorities use a higher value of 20. It is important to note that the BMI is a statistical estimate and some indivduals classified as underweight may be perfectly healthy. Underweight - Problems. Underweight individuals generally have poor physical stamina and a weak immune system - le ...

Including:

• Underweight - Problems
• Underweight - Causes
• Underweight - Treatment

Read more here: » Underweight: Encyclopedia - Underweight

Lambert Adolphe Jacques Quételet (February 22, 1796 – 1874) was a Belgian astronomer, mathematician, statistician and sociologist. He founded and directed the Brussels Observatory and was influential in introducing statistical methods to the social sciences. Some French-language sources give his last name as Quetelet, with no accent. Quetelet received a doctorate in mathematics in 1819 from the University of Ghent. Shortly thereafter, the young man set out to convince government officials and private donors to build an astr ...

Including:

• Adolphe Quetelet - Works
• Adolphe Quetelet - Reference

Read more here: » Adolphe Quetelet: Encyclopedia - Adolphe Quetelet

Obesity is a condition where the natural energy reserve, stored in the fatty tissue of humans and mammals is increased to the point where it may impair health. Obesity in wild animals is relatively rare, but it is common in domestic animals like pigs and household pets who may be overfed and underexercised. In humans it is generally considered to be a leading cause of health problems. Excessive body weight has been shown to predispose to various forms of disease, particularly cardiovascular disease. Interventions, such as weigh ...

Including:

• Obesity - Definition
• Obesity - Etymology
• Obesity - Cultural and social significance
• Obesity - Culture and obesity
• Obesity - Popular culture
• Obesity - Causes
• Obesity - Causative factors
• Obesity - Evolutionary aspects
• Obesity - Neurobiological mechanisms
• Obesity - Societal causes
• Obesity - Poverty link
• Obesity - Complications
• Obesity - Therapy
• Obesity - Controversies
• Obesity - Medicalization of obesity
• Obesity - Health effects of obesity
• Obesity - Medical responses to obesity
• Obesity - Prevalence and public interest
• Obesity - Policy responses to obesity

Read more here: » Obesity: Encyclopedia - Obesity

The degree to which a person is overweight is generally described using an indication of the amount of excess body fat present. There are several common ways to measure the amount of fat present in an individual's body: Simple Weighing: The weight of the individual is measured and compared to an estimated ideal weight. This is the easiest and most common method, but by far the least accurate, as it only measures one quantity (weight) and often does not take into account many factors such as height, body type, and relative ...

See also:

Overweight, Overweight - Measurement and Classification, Overweight - Health Implications, Overweight - Causes, Overweight - Treatment

Read more here: » Overweight: Encyclopedia II - Overweight - Measurement and Classification

Successful weight loss requires that energy expenditure exceeds energy intake (from food). Dieting - Thermoregulation. According to the principles of thermoregulation, humans are endotherms. We expend energy to maintain our blood temperature at about 37 °C (98.6 °F). This is accomplished by shivering to stay warm, by sweating to stay cool, and by other means. In addition to thermoregulation, humans expend energy keeping the vital organs (especially the lungs, heart and brain) functioning. Except w ...

See also:

Dieting, Dieting - History, Dieting - What dieting is not, Dieting - Special diets for medical conditions, Dieting - Dieting techniques, Dieting - Scientific principles of weight loss, Dieting - Thermoregulation, Dieting - Physical exercise with an example, Dieting - Fat loss versus muscle loss and the importance of exercise and protein intake, Dieting - Actual energy obtained from food, Dieting - How your body gets rid of fat, Dieting - Very Low Calorie Diets, Dieting - Pyschological aspects of dieting, Dieting - Weight loss groups, Dieting - Popular diets, Dieting - Grapefruit diet, Dieting - Low-fat diets, Dieting - Atkins, Dieting - Natural Diets, Dieting - Vegetarian diet, Dieting - Dangers of dieting, Dieting - Diet pills, Dieting - Yo-yo dieting, Dieting - Scientific analysis of the dangers of fasting, Dieting - Side effects

Read more here: » Dieting: Encyclopedia II - Dieting - Scientific principles of weight loss

Underweight individuals generally have poor physical stamina and a weak immune system - leaving them open to infection. They are also at higher risk from heart disease, blood vessel disease, and osteoporosis. In women, being underweight can result in amenorrhoea (absence of periods) and possible complications during pregnancy. ...

See also:

Underweight, Underweight - Problems, Underweight - Causes, Underweight - Treatment

Read more here: » Underweight: Encyclopedia II - Underweight - Problems

Most empirical research and statistical data are oriented and tailored toward Caucasian audiences, and some studies have been designed to exclude racially diverse populations. Nonetheless, no race or socioeconomic group should be considered impervious to eating disorders. Body image - Native Americans. Native Americans have been impacted by body dissatisfaction from the influence of the media. For decades Native Americans have felt the effects of colonialization in their communities. Colonialization attemp ...

See also:

Body image, Body image - Research: Measuring Body Image, Body image - Causes and Influences, Body image - Relationship to Psychological Disorders, Body image - Attractiveness and Social Issues, Body image - Information on Specific Minority Populations, Body image - Native Americans, Body image - Work cited

Read more here: » Body image: Encyclopedia II - Body image - Information on Specific Minority Populations

Body image is often measured by asking the subject to rate his or her current and ideal body shape using a series of drawings of increasing size. The difference between these two values is the amount of body satisfaction. Unfortunately, this method does not take into account the fact that a person might be aware of being under- or overweight and also satisfied with that circumstance. Consequently, an obese person, whose obesity causes him or her no psychological distress, might be rated as "having a poor ...

See also:

Body image, Body image - Research: Measuring Body Image, Body image - Causes and Influences, Body image - Relationship to Psychological Disorders, Body image - Attractiveness and Social Issues, Body image - Information on Specific Minority Populations

Read more here: » Body image: Encyclopedia II - Body image - Research: Measuring Body Image

Cardiovascular disease usually occurs as a result of arterial damage. The symptoms and treatments depend on which set (or sets) of arteries are affected. In coronary heart disease, atherosclerotic plaques (inflamed fatty deposits in the blood vessel wall) obstruct the coronary arteries (blood vessels supplying the heart). Narrowing of arteries is called arterial stenosis. When the blockages become severe enough, the blood flow to the heart is restricted (cardiac ischemia), especially during increased demand (i.e. during exertion or em ...

See also:

Cardiovascular disease, Cardiovascular disease - Forms, Cardiovascular disease - Risk factors, Cardiovascular disease - Prevention, Cardiovascular disease - Treatment, Cardiovascular disease - Research, Cardiovascular disease - Reference

Read more here: » Cardiovascular disease: Encyclopedia II - Cardiovascular disease - Forms

Obesity - Causative factors. Obesity is believed to be caused by excessive caloric intake accompanied with insufficient caloric expenditure. Factors that may contribute to this imbalance include: Limited exercise and sedentary lifestyle Genetic predisposition A high glycemic diet (i.e. a diet that consists of meals that give high postprandial blood sugar) Weight cycling, caused by repeated attempts to lose weight by dieting Underlying illness (e.g. hypothyroidism)< ...

See also:

Obesity, Obesity - Definition, Obesity - Etymology, Obesity - Cultural and social significance, Obesity - Culture and obesity, Obesity - Popular culture, Obesity - Causes, Obesity - Causative factors, Obesity - Evolutionary aspects, Obesity - Neurobiological mechanisms, Obesity - Societal causes, Obesity - Poverty link, Obesity - Complications, Obesity - Therapy, Obesity - Controversies, Obesity - Medicalization of obesity, Obesity - Health effects of obesity, Obesity - Medical responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence and public interest, Obesity - Policy responses to obesity

Read more here: » Obesity: Encyclopedia II - Obesity - Causes

Obesity - Causative factors. When energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, fat cells (and to a lesser extent muscle and liver cells) throughout the body take in the energy and store it as fat. In its simplest conception, therefore, obesity is only made possible when the lifetime energy intake exceeds lifetime energy expenditure by more than it does for individuals of "normal weight." In all individuals, the excess energy utilized to generate fat reserves is minute relative to the total number of calories ...

See also:

Obesity, Obesity - Definition, Obesity - Etymology, Obesity - Cultural and social significance, Obesity - Culture and obesity, Obesity - Popular culture, Obesity - Causes, Obesity - Causative factors, Obesity - Evolutionary aspects, Obesity - Neurobiological mechanisms, Obesity - Societal causes, Obesity - Poverty link, Obesity - Complications, Obesity - Therapy, Obesity - Controversies, Obesity - Medicalization of obesity, Obesity - Health effects of obesity, Obesity - Medical responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence and public interest, Obesity - Policy responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence of obesity in American children

Read more here: » Obesity: Encyclopedia II - Obesity - Causes

As of the census2 of 2000, there are 9,740 people, 3,308 households, and 2,338 families residing in the county. The population density is 7/km² (19/mi²). There are 3,819 housing units at an average density of 3/km² (7/mi²). The racial makeup of the county is 13.06% White, 86.49% Black or African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.02% from other races, and 0.24% from two or more races. 0.66% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. Jefferson County has the hi ...

See also:

Jefferson County Mississippi, Jefferson County Mississippi - Geography, Jefferson County Mississippi - Demographics, Jefferson County Mississippi - Trivia, Jefferson County Mississippi - Cities and towns

Read more here: » Jefferson County Mississippi: Encyclopedia II - Jefferson County Mississippi - Demographics

Proper adjustment of the band is very important to weight loss and the long term success of the procedure. Adjustments (also called "fills") are often done under fluoroscope so that the doctor is able to see the placement of the band, the port and the tubing which runs between the port and the band. The patient is put under the fluoroscope where he or she is given a small cup of a liquid containing barium. When swallowed, the drink shows up under the fluoroscope and can be seen moving past the restriction caused by the band. This allo ...

See also:

Adjustable gastric band, Adjustable gastric band - History of the procedure and device, Adjustable gastric band - Indications, Adjustable gastric band - Gastric banding as an alternative to other weight loss surgeries, Adjustable gastric band - Losing weight after surgery, Adjustable gastric band - Post-surgical diets, Adjustable gastric band - The LAP-BAND in Australia, Adjustable gastric band - Documented adverse effects, Adjustable gastric band - Band & Port Specific, Adjustable gastric band - Digestive, Adjustable gastric band - Body as a whole, Adjustable gastric band - Miscellaneous, Adjustable gastric band - Celebrities, Adjustable gastric band - Manufacturers

Read more here: » Adjustable gastric band: Encyclopedia II - Adjustable gastric band - Losing weight after surgery

Binge eating disorder is probably the most common eating disorder. Most people with this problem are either overweight or obese (see note), but normal-weight people also can have the disorder. About 2 percent of all adults in the United States (as many as 4 million Americans) have binge eating disorder. About 10 to 15 percent of people who are mildly obese and who try to lose weight on their own or through commercial weight-loss programs have binge eating disorde ...

See also:

Binge eating disorder, Binge eating disorder - Occurrence and risk factors, Binge eating disorder - Causes, Binge eating disorder - Complications, Binge eating disorder - Dieting, Binge eating disorder - Treatment

Read more here: » Binge eating disorder: Encyclopedia II - Binge eating disorder - Occurrence and risk factors

Since OA is the result of irreversible worn-out cartilage, the goal of treatment is to reduce the joint pain while at the same time, improving and maintaining the function of the joint. Osteoarthritis - Coping skills. No matter what the severity, or where the OA lies, conservative measures, such as weight control, appropriate rest and exercise, and the use of mechanical support devices are usually beneficial to sufferers. In the case of OA of the knees, knee braces, a cane, or a walker can be a helpful aid ...

See also:

Osteoarthritis, Osteoarthritis - Signs and symptoms, Osteoarthritis - Causes of disease, Osteoarthritis - Diagnosis, Osteoarthritis - Treatment, Osteoarthritis - Coping skills, Osteoarthritis - Dietary, Osteoarthritis - Systemic treatment, Osteoarthritis - Topical, Osteoarthritis - Surgery, Osteoarthritis - Other approaches, Osteoarthritis - Prognosis

Read more here: » Osteoarthritis: Encyclopedia II - Osteoarthritis - Treatment

Prolapsed mitral valves are classified into several subtypes, based on leaflet thickness, concavity, and type of connection to the mitral annulus. Subtypes can be described as classic, nonclassic, symmetric, asymmetric, flail, or non-flail. Note: all measurments below, refer to adult patients and applying them to children may be misleading Mitral valve prolapse - Classic vs. nonclassic. Prolapse occurs when the mitral valve leaflets are displaced more than 2 mm above the mitral annulus high p ...

See also:

Mitral valve prolapse, Mitral valve prolapse - Overview, Mitral valve prolapse - History, Mitral valve prolapse - Subtypes, Mitral valve prolapse - Classic vs. nonclassic, Mitral valve prolapse - Symmetric vs. asymmetric, Mitral valve prolapse - Flail vs. non-flail, Mitral valve prolapse - Signs and symptoms, Mitral valve prolapse - Auscultation, Mitral valve prolapse - Complications, Mitral valve prolapse - Mitral regurgitation, Mitral valve prolapse - Sudden death, Mitral valve prolapse - Prognosis, Mitral valve prolapse - Diagnosis, Mitral valve prolapse - Treatment, Mitral valve prolapse - IE prevention, Mitral valve prolapse - Prevalence

Read more here: » Mitral valve prolapse: Encyclopedia II - Mitral valve prolapse - Subtypes