Blood is a circulating tissue composed of fluid plasma and cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets). Medical terms related to blood often begin in hemo- or hemato- (BE: haemo- and haemato-) from the Greek word "haima" for "blood". The main function of blood is to supply nutrients (oxygen, glucose) and constitutional elements to tissues and to remove waste products (such as carbon dioxide and lactic acid). Blood also enables cells (leukocytes, abnormal tumor cells) and different su ...

Including:

• Blood - Anatomy of blood
• Blood - Physiology of blood
• Blood - Production and degradation
• Blood - Transport of oxygen
• Blood - Transport of carbon dioxide
• Blood - Transport of hydrogen ions
• Blood - Color
• Blood - Health and disease
• Blood - Ancient medicine
• Blood - Diagnosis
• Blood - Pathology
• Blood - Treatment
• Blood - Mythology and religion
• Blood - Indo-European paganism
• Blood - Judaism
• Blood - Christianity
• Blood - Jehovah's Witnesses
• Blood - Vampire legends
• Blood - Chinese and Japanese culture

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See also:

Blood, Blood - Anatomy of blood, Blood - Physiology of blood, Blood - Production and degradation, Blood - Transport of oxygen, Blood - Transport of carbon dioxide, Blood - Transport of hydrogen ions, Blood - Color, Blood - Health and disease, Blood - Ancient medicine, Blood - Diagnosis, Blood - Pathology, Blood - Treatment, Blood - Mythology and religion, Blood - Indo-European paganism, Blood - Judaism, Blood - Christianity, Blood - Jehovah's Witnesses, Blood - Vampire legends, Blood - Chinese and Japanese culture

Read more here: » Blood: Encyclopedia II - Blood - Physiology of blood

Blood is composed of several kinds of corpuscles; these formed elements of the blood constitute about 45% of whole blood. The other 55% is blood plasma, a yellowish fluid that is the blood's liquid medium. The normal pH of human arterial blood is approximately 7.40. Blood is about 7% of the human body weight [1], so the average adult has a blood volume of about 5 liters, of which 2.7-3 liters is plasma. The combined surface area of all the erythrocytes in the human anatomy would be roughly 2,000 time ...

See also:

Blood, Blood - Anatomy of blood, Blood - Physiology of blood, Blood - Production and degradation, Blood - Transport of oxygen, Blood - Transport of carbon dioxide, Blood - Transport of hydrogen ions, Blood - Color, Blood - Health and disease, Blood - Ancient medicine, Blood - Diagnosis, Blood - Pathology, Blood - Treatment, Blood - Mythology and religion, Blood - Indo-European paganism, Blood - Judaism, Blood - Christianity, Blood - Jehovah's Witnesses, Blood - Vampire legends, Blood - Chinese and Japanese culture

Read more here: » Blood: Encyclopedia II - Blood - Anatomy of blood

Blood plasma is the liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells are suspended. Serum is the same as blood plasma except that clotting factors (such as fibrin) have been removed. Plasma resembles whey in appearance (transparent with a faint straw colour). It is mainly composed of water, blood proteins, and inorganic electrolytes. It serves as transport medium for glucose, lipids, hormones, metabolic end products, carbon dioxide and oxygen. (Oxygen transport capacity of plasma is much lower than that of the hemoglo ...

Including:

• Blood plasma - Laboratory use of plasma and serum
• Blood plasma - Fresh frozen plasma
• Blood plasma - Dried plasma

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Connective tissue is any type of biological tissue with an extensive extracellular matrix and often serves to support, bind together, and protect organs. There are four basic types: Bone contains specialized cells called osteocytes embedded in a mineralized extracellular matrix, and functions for general support. Blood functions in transport. Its extracellular matrix is the blood plasma, which transports dissolved nutrients, hormones, and carbon dioxide in the form of bicarbonate. The main cellular component is r ...

Including:

• Connective tissue - Disorders of connective tissue

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Carbon dioxide is an atmospheric gas comprised of one carbon and two oxygen atoms. A very widely known chemical compound, it is frequently called by its formula CO2. In its solid state, it is commonly known as dry ice. Carbon dioxide derives from multiple sources including volcanic outgassing, the combustion of organic matter and respiration processes of living aerobic organisms. It is also produced by various microorganisms from fermentation and cellular respiration. Plants utilize carbon dioxide durin ...

Including:

• Carbon dioxide - Chemical and physical properties
• Carbon dioxide - Uses
• Carbon dioxide - Dry Ice
• Carbon dioxide - Uses
• Carbon dioxide - Handling
• Carbon dioxide - Biology
• Carbon dioxide - Atmosphere
• Carbon dioxide - Variation in the past
• Carbon dioxide - Oceans
• Carbon dioxide - History

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Blood substitutes are used to fill fluid volume and/or carry oxygen and other gases in the cardiovascular system. Substances called perfluorochemicals (PFC) have the ability to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide. Perfluorochemicals will not mix with blood, therefore emulsions must be made by dispersing small drops of PFC in water. This liquid is then mixed with antibiotics, vitamins, nutrients and salts, producing a mixture that contains about 80 different components, and performs many of the vital functions of natural blood. As of 1990 ...

Including:

• Blood substitutes - Volume expanders
• Blood substitutes - Towards artificial blood

Read more here: » Blood substitutes: Encyclopedia - Blood substitutes

Carbon monoxide poisoning is a form of toxicity due to two main mechanisms: CO binds to hemoglobin and decreases the oxygen content of blood; this results in acute tissue hypoxic injury CO binds to mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase and impairs oxidative phosphorylation and causes cell damage Carbon monoxide (CO) binds very strongly to the iron atoms in hemoglobin, the principal oxygen-carrying compound in blood. The affinity between CO and hemoglobin is 240 times stronger than the affinity between he ...

Including:

• Carbon monoxide poisoning - Acute hypoxic injury due to carboxyhemoglobin
• Carbon monoxide poisoning - Delayed neurologic damage due to mitochondrial damage
• Carbon monoxide poisoning - Particular risk situations
• Carbon monoxide poisoning - Physiological role
• Carbon monoxide poisoning - Sociological notes
• Carbon monoxide poisoning - See Also
• Carbon monoxide poisoning - Resources

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The chloride ion is formed when the element chlorine picks up one electron to form the anion (negatively-charged ion) Cl−. The salts of hydrochloric acid HCl contain chloride ions and are also called chlorides. An example is table salt, which is sodium chloride with the chemical formula NaCl. In water, it dissolves into Na+ and Cl− ions. The word chloride can also refer to a chemical compound in which one or more chlorine atom ...

Including:

• Chloride - Examples

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An alveolus (plural:alveoli), is an anatomical structure that has the form of a hollow cavity. In the lung, the pulmonary alveoli are spherical outcroppings of the respiratory bronchioles and are the primary sites of gas exchange with the blood. Alveoli are peculiar to mammlian lungs; different structures are involved in gas exchange in other vertebrates.Daniels:2003 Pulmonary alveolus - Location. < ...

Including:

• Pulmonary alveolus - Location
• Pulmonary alveolus - Structure
• Pulmonary alveolus - Details
• Pulmonary alveolus - Alveolar gas pressures
• Pulmonary alveolus - Exchange between blood and gas
• Pulmonary alveolus - Matching air supply and blood supply in alveoli
• Pulmonary alveolus - Diseases

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The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a membrane that controls the passage of substances from the blood into the central nervous system. It is a physical barrier between the blood vessels in the central nervous system, and most parts of the central nervous system itself, that stops many substances from traveling across it. Blood-brain barrier - History. The existence of such a barrier was first noticed in experiments by Paul Ehrlich in the late 19th century. Ehrlich was a bacteriologist who was studying s ...

Including:

• Blood-brain barrier - History
• Blood-brain barrier - Physiology
• Blood-brain barrier - Drugs targeting the brain
• Blood-brain barrier - Diseases affecting the blood-brain barrier
• Blood-brain barrier - Multiple sclerosis MS
• Blood-brain barrier - Late-stage neurological trypanosomiasis Sleeping sickness
• Blood-brain barrier - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy PML
• Blood-brain barrier - Other diseases

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Capillaries are the smallest of a body's blood vessels, measuring 5-10 μm. They connect arteries and veins, and most closely interact with tissues. Capillaries have walls composed of a single layer of cells, the endothelium. This layer is so thin that molecules such as oxygen, water and lipids can pass through them by diffusion and enter the tissues. Waste products such as carbon dioxide and urea can diffuse back into the blood to be carried away for removal from the body. Capillary permeability can be increased by the release of cer ...

Including:

• Capillary - Types
• Capillary - Details

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Capnography is the monitoring of the respiratory carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration as a time-concentration curve. It is a direct monitor of the inhaled and exhaled concentration of CO2, and an indirect monitor of the CO2 concentration in a patient's blood. During anaesthesia, there is interplay between two components: the patient and the anaesthesia administration device (which is usually a breathing circuit and a ventilator or respirator). The critical connection between the two components is either ...

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Breathing transports oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out of the body. Aerobic organisms require oxygen to create energy via respiration, in the form of energy-rich molecules such as glucose Humans typically breathe between 12 and 20 times per minute, with children breathing faster than adults. Babies may breathe as much as 40 times per minute. Adults normally breathe about 500-700ml of air at a time. An average 14 year old takes around 30,000 breaths per day. Breath is sometimes used as a metaphor for life itself ...

Including:

• Breath - Control of Breathing

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The lung is the essential organ of respiration in air-breathing vertebrates. Its principal function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and excrete carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere. This it accomplishes with its mosaic of specialized cells that form millions of tiny, exceptionally thin-walled air sacs where gas exchange takes place. Lungs also have nonrespiratory functions. Medical terms related to the lung often begin with pulmo-, from the Latin pulmonarius ("of the lungs"), cogn ...

Including:

• Lung - The respiratory function of the lung
• Lung - Nonrespiratory functions of the lung
• Lung - Mammalian lungs
• Lung - Anatomy
• Lung - Avian lungs
• Lung - Reptilian lungs
• Lung - Amphibian lungs
• Lung - Arachnid lungs
• Lung - Crustacean lungs
• Lung - Origins

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Drowning is death caused by the filling of the lungs by a fluid, usually water, rendering breathing impossible and leading to death due to asphyxia. Near drowning is initial survival of a drowning accident, and can lead to serious secondary complications including death later on; cases of near drowning therefore also require attention by medical professionals. Secondary drowning is death due to chemical and biological changes in the lungs after a near drowning incident or exposure to chemicals. In many countries, drownin ...

Including:

• Drowning - Occurrences
• Drowning - The drowning process
• Drowning - Common situations leading to drowning
• Drowning - Initial Reactions to Submersion
• Drowning - Initial Oxygen Starvation
• Drowning - Water entering the upper airways
• Drowning - Unconsciousness due to Oxygen Starvation
• Drowning - Secondary drowning
• Drowning - Cardiac Arrest and Death
• Drowning - Rescue and Treatment
• Drowning - Prevention

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Glycolysis is a series of biochemical reactions by which a molecule of glucose (Glc) is oxidized to two molecules of pyruvic acid (Pyr). The word glycolysis is from Greek glyk meaning sweet and lysis meaning dissolving. It is the initial process of many pathways of carbohydrate catabolism, and serves two principal functions: generation of high-energy molecules(ATP and NADH), and production of a variety of six- or three-carbon intermediate metabolites, which may be removed at various steps in the process for other intracel ...

Including:

• Glycolysis - Overview
• Glycolysis - Pathway
• Glycolysis - Sequence of reactions
• Glycolysis - Entry of sugars
• Glycolysis - Control of flux
• Glycolysis - Energy pay-off
• Glycolysis - Follow-up
• Glycolysis - Intermediates for other pathways
• Glycolysis - High aerobic glycolysis
• Glycolysis - Alternative nomenclature

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Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe (L.: Ferrum) and atomic number 26. Iron is a group 8 and period 4 metal. Iron is notable for being the final element produced by stellar nucleosynthesis, and thus the heaviest element which does not require a supernova or similarly cataclysmic event for its formation. It is therefore the most abundant heavy metal in the universe. Iron - Notable characteristics. Iron is the most abundant metal on Earth, and is believed to be the tenth most abundant element ...

Including:

• Iron - Notable characteristics
• Iron - Applications
• Iron - History
• Iron - Occurrence
• Iron - Extraction from ore
• Iron - Compounds
• Iron - Biological role
• Iron - Isotopes
• Iron - Precautions

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A fetus (also foetus) is a developing mammal after the embryonic stage and before birth. The plural is fetuses or foetuses, or, very rarely, foeti. In humans, a fetus develops from the end of the 8th week of pregnancy (when the major structures have formed), until birth. Fetus, in Latin, literally means "offspring". When speaking in the most literal of terms, a fetus is an organism, as yet undeveloped, in the process of becoming a functional individual of a species. Fetus - Fetal ...

Including:

• Fetus - Fetal growth
• Fetus - Circulatory system
• Fetus - Postnatal development
• Fetus - Developmental problems
• Fetus - Differences to the adult circulatory system
• Fetus - Legal issues
• Fetus - USA
• Fetus - Etymology and spelling variations

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In chemistry, acetone (also known as propanone, dimethyl ketone, 2-propanone, propan-2-one and beta-ketopropane) is the simplest representative of the ketones. Acetone is a colorless mobile flammable liquid with melting point at -95.4 °C and boiling point at 56.53 °C. It has a relative density of 0.819 (at 0 °C). It is readily soluble in water, ethanol, ether, etc., and itself serves as an important solvent. The most familiar household use of acetone is as the active ingredie ...

Including:

• Acetone - Biological aspects
• Acetone - Chemistry
• Acetone - Uses
• Acetone - Health effects

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