Blood - Production and degradation. Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow; the process is termed hematopoiesis. The proteinaceous component is produced overwhelmingly in the liver, while hormones are produced by the endocrine glands and the watery fraction maintained by the gut and the kidney. Blood cells are degraded by the spleen and the Kupffer cells in the liver. The liver also clears proteins and amino acids (the kidney secretes many small proteins into the urine). Erythrocytes usually live up to 120 days before they are systematically replaced by new erythroc ...

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Blood, Blood - Anatomy of blood, Blood - Physiology of blood, Blood - Production and degradation, Blood - Transport of oxygen, Blood - Transport of carbon dioxide, Blood - Transport of hydrogen ions, Blood - Color, Blood - Health and disease, Blood - Ancient medicine, Blood - Diagnosis, Blood - Pathology, Blood - Treatment, Blood - Mythology and religion, Blood - Indo-European paganism, Blood - Judaism, Blood - Christianity, Blood - Jehovah's Witnesses, Blood - Vampire legends, Blood - Chinese and Japanese culture

Read more here: » Blood: Encyclopedia II - Blood - Physiology of blood

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Blood pressure, Blood pressure - Measurement, Blood pressure - Physiology, Blood pressure - Pathophysiology, Blood pressure - Effects of high blood pressure, Blood pressure - Effects of low blood pressure, Blood pressure - Factors influencing blood pressure, Blood pressure - Other causes of low blood pressure, Blood pressure - Venous pressure, Blood pressure - Related topics

Read more here: » Blood pressure: Encyclopedia II - Blood pressure - Physiology

Blood vessels do not actively engage in the transport of the blood (they have no appreciable peristalsis), but arteries - and veins to a degree - can regulate their caliber by contraction of the muscular layer. This determines the blood flow to particular downstream organs, and is determined by the autonomic nervous system. Vasodilation and vasoconstriction are also used antagonistically as a method of thermoregulation in homeotherms. Oxygen (bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells) is the most critical nutrient carried by the blood. I ...

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Blood vessel, Blood vessel - Types, Blood vessel - Anatomy, Blood vessel - Physiology, Blood vessel - Role in disease

Read more here: » Blood vessel: Encyclopedia II - Blood vessel - Physiology

Blood is a circulating tissue composed of fluid plasma and cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets). Medical terms related to blood often begin in hemo- or hemato- (BE: haemo- and haemato-) from the Greek word "haima" for "blood". The main function of blood is to supply nutrients (oxygen, glucose) and constitutional elements to tissues and to remove waste products (such as carbon dioxide and lactic acid). Blood also enables cells (leukocytes, abnormal tumor cells) and different su ...

Including:

Blood - Anatomy of blood Blood - Physiology of blood
Blood - Production and degradation Blood - Transport of oxygen Blood - Transport of carbon dioxide Blood - Transport of hydrogen ions Blood - Color
Blood - Health and disease
Blood - Ancient medicine Blood - Diagnosis Blood - Pathology Blood - Treatment
Blood - Mythology and religion
Blood - Indo-European paganism Blood - Judaism Blood - Christianity Blood - Jehovah's Witnesses Blood - Vampire legends Blood - Chinese and Japanese culture

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Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the blood vessels. Unless indicated otherwise, blood pressure is understood to mean arterial blood pressure, i.e., the pressure in the large arteries, such as the brachial artery (in the arm). The pressure of the blood in other vessels is lower than the arterial pressure. The peak pressure in the arteries during the cardiac cycle is the systolic pressure, and the lowest pressure (at the resting phase of the cardiac cycle) is the diastolic pressure ...

Including:

Blood pressure - Measurement Blood pressure - Physiology Blood pressure - Pathophysiology
Blood pressure - Effects of high blood pressure Blood pressure - Effects of low blood pressure
Blood pressure - Factors influencing blood pressure
Blood pressure - Other causes of low blood pressure
Blood pressure - Venous pressure Blood pressure - Related topics

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The mean blood pressure in the arteries supplying the body is a result of the heart pumping blood from the veins back into the arteries. The mean blood pressure value is determined by the volume of blood the heart is pumping per minute, termed cardiac output, versus the resistance of the 20,000 to 30,000 arterioles, termed total peripheral resistance, through which the blood must flow to reach the capillaries and then veins. The up and down fluctuation of the arterial blood pressure results from the pulsatile nature of the cardiac output. The pulse pressure is determined by the interaction of the stroke volume versus the ...

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Blood pressure, Blood pressure - Measurement, Blood pressure - Physiology, Blood pressure - Regulation of blood pressure, Blood pressure - Pathophysiology, Blood pressure - Effects of high blood pressure, Blood pressure - Effects of low blood pressure, Blood pressure - Factors influencing blood pressure, Blood pressure - Other causes of low blood pressure, Blood pressure - Venous pressure

Read more here: » Blood pressure: Encyclopedia II - Blood pressure - Physiology

What are the physiological effects of meditation?

The most common physiological effects of meditation are reduced blood pressure, lower pulse rate, decreased metabolic rate and changes in the concentration of serum levels of various substances.

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Throughout the body, the capillaries (the smallest of the blood vessels) are made up of endothelial cells separated by small gaps. This allows chemicals in solution to pass into the blood stream, where they can be carried about the body, and subsequently pass out of the blood stream. In the brain, these endothelial cells are packed much tighter together, due to the existence of zonula occludentes (tight junctions) between them, blocking the passage of most molecules. The blood-brain barrier blocks all molecules except those that cross cell m ...

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Blood-brain barrier, Blood-brain barrier - History, Blood-brain barrier - Physiology, Blood-brain barrier - Drugs targeting the brain, Blood-brain barrier - Diseases affecting the blood-brain barrier, Blood-brain barrier - Multiple sclerosis MS, Blood-brain barrier - Late-stage neurological trypanosomiasis Sleeping sickness, Blood-brain barrier - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy PML, Blood-brain barrier - Other diseases

Read more here: » Blood-brain barrier: Encyclopedia II - Blood-brain barrier - Physiology

The blood vessels are part of the circulatory system and function to transport blood throughout the body. The most important types, arteries and veins, are so termed because they carry blood away from or towards the heart, respectively. Blood vessel - Types. Blood vessels exist in varying calibers: Arteries Aorta (the largest artery, carries blood out of the heart) Branches of the aorta, such as the carotid artery, the subclavian artery, the celiac trunk, the mesenteric arteri ...

Including:

Blood vessel - Types Blood vessel - Anatomy Blood vessel - Physiology Blood vessel - Role in disease

Read more here: » Blood vessel: Encyclopedia - Blood vessel

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a membrane that controls the passage of substances from the blood into the central nervous system. It is a physical barrier between the blood vessels in the central nervous system, and most parts of the central nervous system itself, that stops many substances from traveling across it. Blood-brain barrier - History. The existence of such a barrier was first noticed in experiments by Paul Ehrlich in the late 19th century. Ehrlich was a bacteriologist who was studying s ...

Including:

Blood-brain barrier - History Blood-brain barrier - Physiology Blood-brain barrier - Drugs targeting the brain Blood-brain barrier - Diseases affecting the blood-brain barrier
Blood-brain barrier - Multiple sclerosis MS Blood-brain barrier - Late-stage neurological trypanosomiasis Sleeping sickness Blood-brain barrier - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy PML Blood-brain barrier - Other diseases

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To blush is to display a marked redness of one's face; the term is seldom applied except when the redness is construed as a result of embarrassment, shame, or modesty. Blushing is generally distinguished, despite a close physiological relation, from flushing, which is more intensive and extends over more of the body, and seldom has a mental source. If redness persists for abnormal amounts of time after blushing, then it may be considered an early sign of rosacea. A medical condition known as Idiopathic craniofacial erythema exists, in which the sufferer ...

Including:

Blushing - Psycho-social aspects Blushing - Physiological anatomy of the cutaneous blood circulation in humans Blushing - Regulation of blood flow in the skin Blushing - Physiology of blushing

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Bilirubin is a yellow breakdown product of haem (heme in American English). Haem is a special ring-shaped molecule that is found in haemoglobin and is essential to the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. Bilirubin - Physiology. Bilirubin is essentially a waste product, formed when red blood cells die and hemoglobin is broken down. Haemoglobin is broken down within the macrophages to haem and globins; the haem is further degraded to Fe2+, carbon monoxide and bilirubin via the intermediate co ...

Including:

Bilirubin - Physiology Bilirubin - Bilirubin blood tests Bilirubin - Interpretation Bilirubin - Jaundice Bilirubin - Bilirubin toxicity Bilirubin - Bilirubin benefits Bilirubin - Chemistry Bilirubin - Related topics

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Cardiology is the branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the heart and blood vessels. The field is commonly divided in the branches of coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease and electrophysiology. Physicians specializing in this field of medicine are called cardiologists. Cardiology - Anatomy & physiology. Cardiology - Basic anatomy Structure of the heart. Epicardium Pericardium Myocardi ...

Including:

Cardiology - Anatomy & physiology
Cardiology - Basic anatomy Structure of the heart Cardiology - Circulatory system Blood supply of the body Cardiology - Pulmonary circulation Oxygenation of the blood Cardiology - Cardiac pacemaker Electrical system of the heart Cardiology - Basic cardiac physiology
Cardiology - Disorders of the coronary circulation Cardiology - Disorders of the myocardium muscle of the heart Cardiology - Disorders of the pericardium outer lining of the heart Cardiology - Disorders of the heart valves Cardiology - Disorders of the electrical system of the heart Cardiac electrophysiology Cardiology - Inflammation and infection of the heart Cardiology - Congenital heart disease Cardiology - Diseases of blood vessels Vascular diseases Cardiology - Procedures done for coronary artery disease Cardiology - Devices used in cardiology Cardiology - Diagnostic tests and procedures Cardiology - Cardiac pharmaceutical agents

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Cardiac cycle is the term used to describe the sequence of events that occur as a heart works to pump blood through the body. Every single 'beat' of the heart involves three major stages: atrial systole, ventricular systole and complete cardiac diastole. The term systole is synonymous with contraction of a muscle. Electrical systole is the electrical activity that stimulates the myocardium of the chambers of the heart to make them contract. This is soon followed by Mechanical systole, which is the mechanical contraction of the heart. The term dia ...

Including:

Cardiac cycle - Atrial systole
Cardiac cycle - Detection of atrial systole
Cardiac cycle - Ventricular systole
Cardiac cycle - Detection of ventricular systole
Cardiac cycle - Complete cardiac diastole Cardiac cycle - Regulation of the cardiac cycle Cardiac cycle - Physiological mechanism of systole

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The thyroid is one of the larger endocrine glands in the body. It is located in the neck and produces hormones, principally thyroxine and triiodothyronine, that regulate the rate of metabolism and affect the growth and rate of function of many other systems in the body. Thyroid - Anatomy. Thyroid - Gross anatomy. The thyroid is situated on the front side of the neck at the level of C5 to T1 vertebral bodies, just below the laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple), near the thyroid ca ...

Including:

Thyroid - Anatomy
Thyroid - Gross anatomy Thyroid - Blood supply Thyroid - Histology of the thyroid
Thyroid - Physiology
Thyroid - T3 and T4 production and action Thyroid - T3 and T4 regulation Thyroid - Calcitonin Thyroid - The significance of iodine
Thyroid - Diseases of the thyroid gland Thyroid - Diagnosis Thyroid - Treatment
Thyroid - Medical treatment Thyroid - Thyroid surgery
Thyroid - History Thyroid - External link

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The liver is an organ in vertebrates, including humans. It plays a major role in metabolism and has a number of functions in the body including drug detoxification, glycogen storage, and plasma protein synthesis. It also produces bile, which is important for digestion. Medical terms related to the liver often start in hepato- or hepatic from the Greek word for liver, hepar. Liver - Anatomy. The adult human liver normally weighs between 1.0 - 2.5 kilograms, and is a soft, pinkish-brown " ...

Including:

Liver - Anatomy
Liver - Surface anatomy Liver - Functional anatomy
Liver - Physiology Liver - Diseases of the liver Liver - Liver transplantation Liver - Development
Liver - Fetal blood supply
Liver - Analogous organs Liver - Liver as food Liver - Cultural allusions

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The heart (Latin cor) is a hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood through the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions. The term cardiac means "related to the heart", from the Greek kardia (καρδια) for "heart". Heart - The human heart. Heart - Early development. The human embryonic heart (EHR) begins beating at approximately 21 days after conception, or five weeks after the last normal menstrual period (LMP), which is the date normally used to ...

Including:

Heart - The human heart
Heart - Early development Heart - Structure Heart - The cardiac cycle Heart - Regulation of the cardiac cycle Heart - Other physiological functions
Heart - Diseases and treatments Heart - First aid Heart - The hearts of other animals
Heart - Heartbeat Heart - Food use
Heart - As an icon

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A thrombus or blood clot is the final product of blood coagulation, through the aggregation of platelets and the activation of the humoral coagulation system. Thrombus is physiologic in cases of injury, but pathologic in case of thrombosis. Some of the conditions in which blood clots develop include atrial fibrillation (a form of cardiac arrhythmia), heart valve replacement, a recent heart attack, extended periods of inactivity (see deep venous thrombosis), and genetic or disease related deficiencies in the blood's clott ...

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In physiology, corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex. Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of physiologic systems such as stress response, immune response and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior. Glucocorticoids such as cortisol control carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and are anti-inflammatory by preventing phospholipid release, decreasing eosinophil action and a number of o ...

Including:

Corticosteroid - Uses Corticosteroid - History

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Vascular is an adjective for the word vessel and refers to tube-like structures. In zoology, more specifically anatomy and physiology, "vascular" means "related to blood vessels", which are part of the Circulatory system. An organ or tissue that is vascularized is heavily endowed with blood vessels and thus richly supplied with blood. In botany, plants with a dedicated transport system for water and nutrients are called vascular plants. Vascular plants include ferns, conifers and flowering plants. A vascular bundle is part of such a transport system. ...

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