Blaise Pascal (June 19, 1623–August 19, 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, and religious philosopher. Pascal was a child prodigy, who was educated by his father. Pascal's earliest work was in the natural and applied sciences, where he made important contributions to the construction of mechanical calculators and the study of fluids, and clarified the concepts of pressure and vacuum by expanding the work of Evangelista Torricelli. Pascal also w ...

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• Blaise Pascal - Early life and education
• Blaise Pascal - Contributions to mathematics
• Blaise Pascal - Philosophy of mathematics
• Blaise Pascal - Contributions to the physical sciences
• Blaise Pascal - Mature life religion philosophy and literature
• Blaise Pascal - Religious conversion
• Blaise Pascal - Upon brink of death
• Blaise Pascal - The Provincial Letters
• Blaise Pascal - Miracle
• Blaise Pascal - The Pensées
• Blaise Pascal - Last works and death
• Blaise Pascal - Legacy
• Blaise Pascal - Works
• Blaise Pascal - Notes

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Blaise Pascal, Blaise Pascal - Early life and education, Blaise Pascal - Contributions to mathematics, Blaise Pascal - Philosophy of mathematics, Blaise Pascal - Contributions to the physical sciences, Blaise Pascal - Mature life religion philosophy and literature, Blaise Pascal - Religious conversion, Blaise Pascal - Upon brink of death, Blaise Pascal - The Provincial Letters, Blaise Pascal - Miracle, Blaise Pascal - The Pensées, Blaise Pascal - Last works and death, Blaise Pascal - Legacy, Blaise Pascal - Works, Blaise Pascal - Notes

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Blaise Pascal - Religious conversion. Biographically, we can say that two basic influences led him to his conversion: sickness and Jansenism. As early as his eighteenth year he suffered from a nervous ailment that left him hardly a day without pain. In 1647 a paralytic attack so disabled him that he could not move without crutches. His head ached, his bowels burned, his legs and feet were continually cold, and required wearisome aids to circulation of the blood; he wore stockings steeped in brandy to warm his fee ...

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Blaise Pascal, Blaise Pascal - Early life and education, Blaise Pascal - Contributions to mathematics, Blaise Pascal - Philosophy of mathematics, Blaise Pascal - Contributions to the physical sciences, Blaise Pascal - Mature life, religion, philosophy, and literature, Blaise Pascal - Religious conversion, Blaise Pascal - Upon brink of death, Blaise Pascal - The Provincial Letters, Blaise Pascal - Miracle, Blaise Pascal - The Pensées, Blaise Pascal - Last works and death, Blaise Pascal - Legacy, Blaise Pascal - Works, Blaise Pascal - Notes

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Philosophy of religion is the rational study of the meaning and justification of fundamental religious claims, particularly about the nature and existence of God (or gods, or the divine). Philosophy of religion - Philosophy of religion as a part of metaphysics. Philosophy of religion was classically regarded as a part of metaphysics, after Aristotle, among whose writings was a piece that later editors identified as The Metaphysics. Aristotle there described first causes as one of the subjects ...

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• Philosophy of religion - Philosophy of religion as a part of metaphysics
• Philosophy of religion - Questions asked in philosophy of religion
• Philosophy of religion - What is God?
• Philosophy of religion - Monotheistic definitions
• Philosophy of religion - Polytheistic definitions
• Philosophy of religion - Pantheistic definitions
• Philosophy of religion - Rationality of belief
• Philosophy of religion - Positions
• Philosophy of religion - Natural theology
• Philosophy of religion - Major philosophers of religion

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Philosophy is the rational aspect of religion. It is an integral part of religion in India. It is a rational enquiry into the nature of Truth or Reality. It gives clear solutions for the profound, subtle problems of life. It shows the way to get rid of pain and death and attain immortality and eternal bliss.

Excerpt from All About Hinduism by Sri Swami Sivananda

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Religion (see etymology below) —sometimes used interchangeably with faith or belief system—is commonly defined as belief concerning the supernatural, sacred, or divine; and the moral codes, practices, values, institutions and rituals associated with such belief. In its broadest sense some have defined it as the sum total of answers given to explain humankind's relationship with the universe. In the course of the development of religion, it has taken ...

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• Religion - Etymology
• Religion - Religion and science
• Religion - Philosophy and metaphysics
• Religion - Esotericism and mysticism
• Religion - Spirituality
• Religion - Myth
• Religion - Approaches to the study of individual religions
• Religion - Methods of studying religion subjectively in relation to one's own beliefs
• Religion - Methods of studying religion objectively in a scientific and religiously neutral fashion
• Religion - Development of religion
• Religion - Religion today
• Religion - Approaches to relating to the beliefs of others
• Religion - Exclusivism
• Religion - Inclusivism
• Religion - Pluralism
• Religion - Syncretism
• Religion - Universalism
• Religion - Systemization
• Religion - Religion and other approaches to forming beliefs about the nature of the universe
• Religion - Related philosophical stances
• Religion - Compare with

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Yield to maturity (YTM) is the internal rate of return on cash flows of a fixed income security, often a bond, if the security were to be held until maturity. It is a measurement of the return of the bond. This technique in theory allows investors to calculate the fair value of different financial instruments. The calculation of YTM is identical to the calculation of internal rate of return. If a bond's current yield is less than its YTM, then the bond is selling at a discount. If a bond's current y ...

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• Yield to maturity - Example
• Yield to maturity - See

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The word Philosophy has a variety of meanings. Its etymology is from the ancient Greek word "Φιλοσοφία" (philo-sophia), which means "love of wisdom." Philosophy - Branches of philosophy. Philosophers analyse and investigate such concepts as existence or being, morality or goodness, knowledge, truth, and beauty. Philosophers may ask critical questions about the nature of these concepts — questions typically outside the scope of other disciplines, such as science. Several major works of post ...

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• Philosophy - Branches of philosophy
• Philosophy - Applied philosophy
• Philosophy - Philosophical traditions
• Philosophy - History of Philosophy
• Philosophy - General philosophy topics
• Philosophy - General philosophy lists
• Philosophy - History of philosophy
• Philosophy - Bibliography
• Philosophy - Introductions
• Philosophy - Reference works

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UCSD Pascal was a specific implementation of the programming language Pascal which used the p-Code machine architecture. Notable was the introduction of separately compilable Units and a String type. Both of which influenced the design of the Ada programming language. The UCSD Pascal compiler was distributed as part of a portable operating system, the p-System. There were four versions of UCSD p-Code engine (p-Code incompatible) each with several revisions of the p-System (and UCSD Pascal); represent ...

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Literature is literally "acquaintance with letters" as in the first sense given in the Oxford English Dictionary (from the Latin littera meaning "an individual written character (letter)"). The term has generally come to identify a collection of texts. The word "literature" as a common noun can refer to any form of writing, such as essays; "Literature" as a proper noun refers to a whole body of literary work, often relating to a specific culture. Literature - Introduction. Nations can have literature ...

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• Literature - Introduction
• Literature - Terminology
• Literature - Forms of literature
• Literature - Poetry
• Literature - Drama
• Literature - Essays
• Literature - Prose fiction
• Literature - Other prose literature
• Literature - Somewhat related narrative forms
• Literature - Genres of literature
• Literature - Literary techniques
• Literature - Literary figures
• Literature - Literature by country language or cultural group
• Literature - Literary criticism
• Literature - Story elements
• Literature - Themes in literature
• Literature - Other

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Definition and meaning of Mature :

Mature: In insurance, a policy matures when its face amount becomes payable. This could occur upon the death of the insured, or in some forms of insurance such as endowments, as of a specified date. (LI)

(Source: InsWeb)

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Strictly speaking, the philosophy of literature is a branch of aesthetics, the branch of philosophy that deals with the question, "what is art"? Much of aesthetic philosophy has traditionally focused on the plastic arts or music, however, at the expense of the verbal arts. In fact, much traditional discussion of aesthetic philosophy seeks to establish criteria of artistic quality that are indifferent to the subject matter being depicted. Since all literary works, almost by definition, contain notional content, aesthetic ...

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Philosophy and literature, Philosophy and literature - The philosophy of literature, Philosophy and literature - Literature and language, Philosophy and literature - The truth of fiction, Philosophy and literature - The literature of philosophy, Philosophy and literature - Philosophical poems, Philosophy and literature - Philosophical fiction, Philosophy and literature - Philosophical writing as literature, Philosophy and literature - Philosophy in literature, Philosophy and literature - Philosophers in literature, Philosophy and literature - Fictional philosophers

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Philosophy and literature - Philosophical poems. A number of poets have written poems on philosophical themes, and some important philosophers have expressed their philosophy in verse. The cosmogony of Hesiod and the De Rerum Natura of Lucretius are important philosophical poems. Many of eastern philosophers worked out their thought in poetical fashion. Some of important names include; Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi Omar Khayyam Sheikh Saadi Hafiz Shirazi Allama Iqbal < ...

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Philosophy and literature, Philosophy and literature - The philosophy of literature, Philosophy and literature - Literature and language, Philosophy and literature - The truth of fiction, Philosophy and literature - The literature of philosophy, Philosophy and literature - Philosophical poems, Philosophy and literature - Philosophical fiction, Philosophy and literature - Philosophical writing as literature, Philosophy and literature - Philosophy in literature, Philosophy and literature - Philosophers in literature, Philosophy and literature - Fictional philosophers

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One might think that philosophy of religion would be an inquiry into the foundations of religions (as Philosophy X is typically an inquiry into the foundations of X). However, philosophy of religion is predominantly an inquiry into the nature of God and religious belief (not religions per se). Thus, two of the main questions in the field are: What is God? Are there any good reasons to think that God does or does not exist? Still, there are other questions studied in the philosophy of r ...

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Philosophy of religion, Philosophy of religion - Philosophy of religion as a part of metaphysics, Philosophy of religion - Questions asked in philosophy of religion, Philosophy of religion - What is God?, Philosophy of religion - Monotheistic definitions, Philosophy of religion - Polytheistic definitions, Philosophy of religion - Pantheistic definitions, Philosophy of religion - Rationality of belief, Philosophy of religion - Positions, Philosophy of religion - Natural theology, Philosophy of religion - Major philosophers of religion

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Philosophy of religion was classically regarded as a part of metaphysics, after Aristotle, among whose writings was a piece that later editors identified as The Metaphysics. Aristotle there described first causes as one of the subjects of his investigation. For Aristotle, God was the first cause: the unmoved mover. Philosophy of religion as a branch of metaphysics later came to be called natural theology by rationalist philosophers of the 17th and 18th centuries. In the 18th century, philosophers have adopted the term 'p ...

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Philosophy of religion, Philosophy of religion - Philosophy of religion as a part of metaphysics, Philosophy of religion - Questions asked in philosophy of religion, Philosophy of religion - What is God?, Philosophy of religion - Monotheistic definitions, Philosophy of religion - Polytheistic definitions, Philosophy of religion - Pantheistic definitions, Philosophy of religion - Rationality of belief, Philosophy of religion - Positions, Philosophy of religion - Natural theology, Philosophy of religion - Major philosophers of religion

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Philosophy of religion - Positions. The second question, "Do we have any good reason to think that God does (or does not) exists?", is equally important in the philosophy of religion. There are four main positions with regard to the existence of God that one might take: Theism - the belief that God exists. Weak atheism - the lack of belief in any deity. Strong atheism - the belief that no deity exist ...

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Philosophy of religion, Philosophy of religion - Philosophy of religion as a part of metaphysics, Philosophy of religion - Questions asked in philosophy of religion, Philosophy of religion - What is God?, Philosophy of religion - Monotheistic definitions, Philosophy of religion - Polytheistic definitions, Philosophy of religion - Pantheistic definitions, Philosophy of religion - Rationality of belief, Philosophy of religion - Positions, Philosophy of religion - Natural theology, Philosophy of religion - Major philosophers of religion

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Before entering into the criticisms of the Wager, it is only fair to note, as is less widely known, that the wager was never intended to be a basis or reason for faith. The wager is found in an apologetic (his Pensées) aimed at those who didn't consider the question of God worth considering. The wager had the express intention of showing the "happy agnostic" the value and probable necessity of considering the question of God. Pascal has been severely criticized, for example by Voltaire. Some criticisms are summarized below:

Pascal's Wager, Pascal's Wager - Explanation, Pascal's Wager - Criticisms of Pascal's wager, Pascal's Wager - Assumes God rewards belief, Pascal's Wager - Assumes a Christian God, Pascal's Wager - Measure Theory, Pascal's Wager - Statistical arguments, Pascal's Wager - Many way tie, Pascal's Wager - Does not constitute a true belief, Pascal's Wager - Assumes one can choose belief, Pascal's Wager - Decision-theoretic arguments

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Both C and Pascal use keywords, or words reserved for use by the language itself. Examples are "if", "while", "const", "for" and "goto", which are also keywords that happen to be in common to both languages. Pascal is often said to be "wordy" compared to C. In Pascal, blocks begin and end with "begin" and "end". C uses "{" and "}", respectively. In Pascal, a function must begin with the keyword "function", a type with "type". In C, both ...

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Pascal and C, Pascal and C - C vs Pascal: A language comparison, Pascal and C - Identifiers, Pascal and C - Keywords, Pascal and C - Syntax, Pascal and C - Simple types, Pascal and C - Character types, Pascal and C - Boolean types, Pascal and C - Real/floating point types, Pascal and C - Array types, Pascal and C - Strings, Pascal and C - Record types, Pascal and C - Pointers, Pascal and C - Statements, Pascal and C - Functions/Procedures, Pascal and C - Preprocessor, Pascal and C - Type escapes, Pascal and C - Files, Pascal and C - Blue Sky Pascal, Pascal and C - Epilogue

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The Wager can be stated by the following explanation provided by Pascal in the Pensees-- "God is, or He is not. But to which side shall we incline? Reason can decide nothing here. There is an infinite chaos which separated us. A game is being played at the extremity of this infinite distance where heads or tails will turn up...Which will you choose then? Let us see. Since you must choose, let us see which interests you least. You have two things to lose, the true and the good; and two things to stake, your reason and your will, ...

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Pascal's Wager, Pascal's Wager - Explanation, Pascal's Wager - Criticisms of Pascal's wager, Pascal's Wager - Assumes God rewards belief, Pascal's Wager - Assumes a Christian God, Pascal's Wager - Measure Theory, Pascal's Wager - Statistical arguments, Pascal's Wager - Many way tie, Pascal's Wager - Does not constitute a true belief, Pascal's Wager - Assumes one can choose belief, Pascal's Wager - Decision-theoretic arguments

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The question "What is God?" is sometimes also phrased as "What is the meaning of the word 'God'?" Most philosophers expect some sort of definition as an answer to this question, but they are not content simply to describe the way the word is used: they want to know the essence of what it means to be God. Western philosophers typically concern themselves with the God of monotheistic religions (see the nature of God in Western theology), but discussions also c ...

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Philosophy of religion, Philosophy of religion - Philosophy of religion as a part of metaphysics, Philosophy of religion - Questions asked in philosophy of religion, Philosophy of religion - What is God?, Philosophy of religion - Monotheistic definitions, Philosophy of religion - Polytheistic definitions, Philosophy of religion - Pantheistic definitions, Philosophy of religion - Rationality of belief, Philosophy of religion - Positions, Philosophy of religion - Natural theology, Philosophy of religion - Major philosophers of religion

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