A camauro (from the Latin camelaucum, from the Greek kamelauchion, meaning "camel skin hat") is a cap traditionally worn by the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. Papal camauros are red with white ermine trim and are worn in place of the biretta. Like the biretta worn by lesser clergy and the mortarboard worn by academics, the camauro derived from the academic cap (the pileus), which was originally worn to protect the tonsured head of the clergy. The camauro is thought to ...

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Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne (October 9, 1727 - 16 February 1794) was a French churchman and politician. Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne - Life. He was born at Paris, of a Limousin family traceable back to the 15th century. After a brilliant career as a student, he entered the Church, this being the best way to attain a distinguished position. In 1751 he became a doctor of theology, though there were doubts as to the orthodoxy of his thesis. In 1752 he was appointed grand vicar to ...

Including:

• Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne - Life
• Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne - Works
• Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne - Reference

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Headgear, headwear or headdress is the name given to any element of clothing which is worn on one's head. Headgear serve a variety of purposes: protection (against impact, cold, heat, rain and other precipitation, glare, sunburn, dust, contaminants, etc.) to keep hair contained or tidy decoration or fashion religious purposes modesty; social convention disguising baldness distinction; a badge of office Headgear - Overview of he ...

Including:

• Headgear - Overview of headgear types
• Headgear - Hats
• Headgear - Caps
• Headgear - Bonnets
• Headgear - Helmets
• Headgear - Turbans and headscarves
• Headgear - Hoods
• Headgear - Masks
• Headgear - Wigs
• Headgear - Fillets
• Headgear - Crowns
• Headgear - Veils
• Headgear - Hair covers
• Headgear - Orthodontic
• Headgear - Purpose of headgear
• Headgear - Protection or defense
• Headgear - Fashion
• Headgear - Religious significance
• Headgear - Symbol of status or office
• Headgear - Headgear etiquette

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A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official in the Roman Catholic Church, ranking just below the Pope and appointed by him as a member of the College of Cardinals during a consistory. The duties of the cardinals are to attend the meetings of the Sacred College and to make themselves available individually if the Pope desires their counsel. Most cardinals have additional duties either leading many of the c ...

Including:

• Cardinal Catholicism - Orders
• Cardinal Catholicism - Secret cardinal
• Cardinal Catholicism - Other privileges
• Cardinal Catholicism - History
• Cardinal Catholicism - Cardinals in popular culture

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Choir dress is the vestiture of the clerics, seminarians and religous of traditional churches worn for public prayer apart from the eucharist. The vesture for non-eucharistic worship is often simpler yet more traditional than eucharistic vestments. Choir dress - Eastern choir dress. The choir dress of clergy in the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches are relatively similar. Over the inner cassock, a deep-sleeved exorason, which is often black, is worn. In Eastern Orthod ...

Including:

• Choir dress - Eastern choir dress
• Choir dress - Roman Catholic choir dress
• Choir dress - Anglican choir dress

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Doctorate-holders of some universities wear the mortarboard, although the round Tudor bonnet is more common in Britain. The 4, 6, or 8 cornered "tam" is on the ascendent in the U.S., and in general a soft square tam has some acceptance for women as a substitute for the hard 'square'. In the U.S., the mortarboard is also worn by high school graduates during the presentation of their diplomas. Traditionally they throw them in the air after the announc ...

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Square academic cap, Square academic cap - Origins, Square academic cap - Variants, Square academic cap - Traditional wear

Read more here: » Square academic cap: Encyclopedia II - Square academic cap - Variants

According to Canon 350 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law, the College of Cardinals is presently divided into three orders: the episcopal order (Cardinal Bishops), the presbyteral order (Cardinal Priests), the most numerous group, the diaconal order (Cardinal Deacons). Most cardinal bishops are those to whom the Pope assigns the title of a suburbicarian church; that group elects a Dean of the College of Cardinals to be the head of the college, the ...

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Cardinal Catholicism, Cardinal Catholicism - Orders of cardinalate, Cardinal Catholicism - Secret cardinal, Cardinal Catholicism - Other privileges, Cardinal Catholicism - History, Cardinal Catholicism - Cardinals in popular culture

Read more here: » Cardinal Catholicism: Encyclopedia II - Cardinal Catholicism - Orders of cardinalate

The galero (or "ecclesiastical hat") is still in use today in ecclesiastical heraldry as part of the achievement of the coat of arms of an armigerous Roman Catholic cleric. It replaces the helmet and crest because those were considered too warlike for the clerical state. The color of the galero and number of tassels (sometimes termed houppes or fiocchi) indicate the cleric's place in the hierarchy. A bishop's galero is green with six tassels. An archbishop's galero is also green but has ten tassels. Both patriarchs and cardinal ...

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Galero, Galero - Second Vatican Council, Galero - Ecclesiastical Heraldry, Galero - External link

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List of hats and headgear - Hats commonly worn today. Akubra hat Alpine hat Baseball cap beret bucket hat fedora Panama, also jipijapa slouch hat, also digger hat, Australian slouch hat straw hat Stetson Suma cap Tyrolean hat List of hats and headgear - ...

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List of hats and headgear, List of hats and headgear - Hats, List of hats and headgear - Hats commonly worn today, List of hats and headgear - Hats worn in the past or rarely worn today, List of hats and headgear - Caps, List of hats and headgear - Caps commonly worn today, List of hats and headgear - Caps worn by men in the past, List of hats and headgear - Caps worn by women in the past, List of hats and headgear - Caps worn only by nobility and only on ceremonial occasions, List of hats and headgear - Bonnets, List of hats and headgear - Bonnets for women, List of hats and headgear - Bonnets for men, List of hats and headgear - Helmets, List of hats and headgear - Hoods, List of hats and headgear - Headscarves wimples, List of hats and headgear - Masks veils and headgear which covers the face, List of hats and headgear - Other headdresses, List of hats and headgear - Women, List of hats and headgear - Men, List of hats and headgear - Jeweled, List of hats and headgear - Wigs, List of hats and headgear - Headgear organised by function, List of hats and headgear - Religious, List of hats and headgear - Military and police, List of hats and headgear - Officials and civil workers, List of hats and headgear - Other specialist headgear, List of hats and headgear - National dress; association with a country or people

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According to Canon 350 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law, the College of Cardinals is divided into three orders: the episcopal order (Cardinal Bishops), the presbyteral order (Cardinal Priests), the most numerous group, the diaconal order (Cardinal Deacons). Most cardinal bishops are those to whom the Pope assigns the title of a suburbicarian church; that group elects a Dean of the College of Cardinals to be the head of the college, the first among equ ...

See also:

Cardinal Catholicism, Cardinal Catholicism - Orders, Cardinal Catholicism - Secret cardinal, Cardinal Catholicism - Other privileges, Cardinal Catholicism - History, Cardinal Catholicism - Cardinals in popular culture

Read more here: » Cardinal Catholicism: Encyclopedia II - Cardinal Catholicism - Orders

Choir dress in the Roman Catholic Church is worn when attending a liturgy that is not the Mass, especially the liturgy of the hours, or, in the case of priests and bishops, when attending Mass without celebrating or concelebrating the Eucharist. The basic components of choir dress are: the cassock with fascia or, if the person is religious, the religious habit, the surplice (or rochet if ...

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Choir dress, Choir dress - Eastern choir dress, Choir dress - Roman Catholic choir dress, Choir dress - Anglican choir dress

Read more here: » Choir dress: Encyclopedia II - Choir dress - Roman Catholic choir dress

He was born at Paris, of a Limousin family traceable back to the 15th century. After a brilliant career as a student, he entered the Church, this being the best way to attain a distinguished position. In 1751 he became a doctor of theology, though there were doubts as to the orthodoxy of his thesis. In 1752 he was appointed grand vicar to the Archbishop of Rouen. After visiting Rome, he was made Bishop of Condom (1760), and in 1763 was translated to the archbishopric of Toulouse. His many famous friends included ARJ Turgot, André Morellet a ...

See also:

Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne, Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne - Life, Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne - Works, Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne - Reference

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Headgear - Hats. Hats often have a brim all the way around the rim, and may be either placed on the head, or secured with hat-pins (which are pushed through the hat and the hair). Depending on the type of hat, they may be properly worn by men, by women or by both sexes. Headgear - Caps. Caps are generally soft and often have no brim or just a peak (like on a baseball cap). For many centuries women wore a variety of head-coverings which were called caps. For example, in the 18th ...

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Headgear, Headgear - Overview of headgear types, Headgear - Hats, Headgear - Caps, Headgear - Bonnets, Headgear - Helmets, Headgear - Turbans and headscarves, Headgear - Hoods, Headgear - Masks, Headgear - Wigs, Headgear - Fillets, Headgear - Crowns, Headgear - Veils, Headgear - Hair covers, Headgear - Orthodontic, Headgear - Purpose of headgear, Headgear - Protection or defense, Headgear - Fashion, Headgear - Religious significance, Headgear - Symbol of status or office, Headgear - Headgear etiquette

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Father George's religious order sent him to Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C. where he earned a master's degree in philosophy in 1965. He then attended classes at Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana where he obtained a doctorate in American philosophy in 1970. Father George then returned to the University of Ottawa to obtain a master's degree in theology in 1971. While studying for college, Father George at the same time taught philosophy at Oblate Seminary in Pass Christian, Mississippi from 19 ...

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Francis Cardinal George, Francis Cardinal George - Early years, Francis Cardinal George - Father of the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate, Francis Cardinal George - Early episcopate, Francis Cardinal George - Archbishop of Chicago, Francis Cardinal George - Duties in the Roman Curia

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In addition to the named cardinals, a pope may name cardinals in pectore, Latin for in the breast. A cardinal named in pectore is known only to the pope; not even the cardinal so named is necessarily aware of his elevation. Cardinals are named in pectore to protect them or their congregations from reprisals if their identities were known. If conditions change such that a secret cardinal would be safe, the pope may at any time make public a previously in pectore cardinal, who ranks in precedence with ...

See also:

Cardinal Catholicism, Cardinal Catholicism - Orders, Cardinal Catholicism - Secret cardinal, Cardinal Catholicism - Other privileges, Cardinal Catholicism - History, Cardinal Catholicism - Cardinals in popular culture

Read more here: » Cardinal Catholicism: Encyclopedia II - Cardinal Catholicism - Secret cardinal

The cardinals did not always elect the Pope: the Pope was originally elected by the clergy and the people of the Roman Church, but during the medieval times, as the Roman nobility gained too great an influence, as the Holy Roman Emperors interfered into the choosing of a pope and as the papacy gained importance as an international figure, the right of election was given to the cardinals in 1159. The Pope could substitute another body of electors for the College of Cardinals at any time; in fact there have been proposals in the past to ...

See also:

Cardinal Catholicism, Cardinal Catholicism - Orders, Cardinal Catholicism - Secret cardinal, Cardinal Catholicism - Other privileges, Cardinal Catholicism - History, Cardinal Catholicism - Cardinals in popular culture

Read more here: » Cardinal Catholicism: Encyclopedia II - Cardinal Catholicism - History

The cardinals did not always elect the Pope: the Pope was originally elected by the clergy and the people of the Roman Church, but during the medieval times, as the Roman nobility gained too great an influence, as the Holy Roman Emperors interfered into the choosing of a pope and as the papacy gained importance as an international figure, the right of election was given to the cardinals in 1159. The Pope could substitute another body of electors for the College of Cardinals at any time; in fact there have been proposals in the past to ...

See also:

Cardinal Catholicism, Cardinal Catholicism - Orders of cardinalate, Cardinal Catholicism - Secret cardinal, Cardinal Catholicism - Other privileges, Cardinal Catholicism - History, Cardinal Catholicism - Cardinals in popular culture

Read more here: » Cardinal Catholicism: Encyclopedia II - Cardinal Catholicism - History

Until the second half of the 20th century, mortarboards were often worn by schoolteachers, and the hat remains an icon of the teaching profession. It is seen now most often in comic representations of teachers, for example in The Bash Street Kids comic strip. ...

See also:

Square academic cap, Square academic cap - Origins, Square academic cap - Variants, Square academic cap - Traditional wear

Read more here: » Square academic cap: Encyclopedia II - Square academic cap - Traditional wear

In addition to the named cardinals, a pope may name cardinals in pectore, Latin for in the breast. A cardinal named in pectore is known only to the pope; not even the cardinal so named is necessarily aware of his elevation. Cardinals are named in pectore to protect them or their congregations from reprisals if their identities were known. If conditions change such that a secret cardinal would be safe, the pope may at any time make public a previously in pectore cardinal, who ranks in precedence with ...

See also:

Cardinal Catholicism, Cardinal Catholicism - Orders of cardinalate, Cardinal Catholicism - Secret cardinal, Cardinal Catholicism - Other privileges, Cardinal Catholicism - History, Cardinal Catholicism - Cardinals in popular culture

Read more here: » Cardinal Catholicism: Encyclopedia II - Cardinal Catholicism - Secret cardinal

Headgear - Protection or defense. The most common use of headgear is as protection for the head and eyes. A baseball cap is used by sports players to keep the sun out of their eyes, and by some chefs to keep the hair out of their food. Traditionally, silk chef's hats are used for this purpose. A rain hat has a wide rim to keep the rain out of the wearer's face. Some traditional types of hat such as the Mexican sombrero also serve this purpose. There are also the full range of helmets. There are also hats that are worn for protection from the cold. These include many var ...

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Headgear, Headgear - Overview of headgear types, Headgear - Hats, Headgear - Caps, Headgear - Bonnets, Headgear - Helmets, Headgear - Turbans and headscarves, Headgear - Hoods, Headgear - Masks, Headgear - Wigs, Headgear - Fillets, Headgear - Crowns, Headgear - Veils, Headgear - Hair covers, Headgear - Orthodontic, Headgear - Purpose of headgear, Headgear - Protection or defense, Headgear - Fashion, Headgear - Religious significance, Headgear - Symbol of status or office, Headgear - Headgear etiquette

Read more here: » Headgear: Encyclopedia II - Headgear - Purpose of headgear