Biology is the study, or science, of life. It is concerned with the characteristics and behaviors of organisms, how species and individuals come into existence, and the interactions they have with each other and with the environment. Biology encompasses a broad spectrum of academic fields that are often viewed as independent disciplines. However, together they address phenomena related to living organisms (biological phenomena) over a wide range of scales. Biology - Biological Phenomena. At the organism lev ...

Including:

• Biology - Biological Phenomena
• Biology - Branches of Biology
• Biology - Principles of biology
• Biology - Universality: Biochemistry cells and the genetic code
• Biology - Evolution: The central principle of biology
• Biology - Diversity: The variety of living organisms
• Biology - Continuity: The common descent of life
• Biology - Homeostasis: Adapting to change
• Biology - Interactions: Groups and environments
• Biology - Scope of biology
• Biology - Structure of life
• Biology - Physiology of organisms
• Biology - Diversity and evolution of organisms
• Biology - Interactions of organisms
• Biology - History of the word biology
• Biology - History
• Biology - Related topics

Read more here: » Biology: Encyclopedia - Biology

See also:

Biology, Biology - Biological Phenomena, Biology - Branches of Biology, Biology - Principles of biology, Biology - Universality: Biochemistry cells and the genetic code, Biology - Evolution: The central principle of biology, Biology - Diversity: The variety of living organisms, Biology - Continuity: The common descent of life, Biology - Homeostasis: Adapting to change, Biology - Interactions: Groups and environments, Biology - Scope of biology, Biology - Structure of life, Biology - Physiology of organisms, Biology - Diversity and evolution of organisms, Biology - Interactions of organisms, Biology - History of the word biology, Biology - History, Biology - Related topics

Read more here: » Biology: Encyclopedia II - Biology - Scope of biology

Main article: List of biology disciplines Biology has become such a vast research enterprise that it is not generally regarded as a single discipline, but as a number of clustered sub-disciplines. This article considers four broad groupings. The first group consists of those disciplines that study the basic structures of living systems: cells, genes etc.; the second group considers the operation of these structures at the level of tissues, organs, and bodies; the third group considers organisms and their histories; the final co ...

See also:

Biology, Biology - Principles of biology, Biology - Universality: Biochemistry cells and the genetic code, Biology - Evolution: The central principle of biology, Biology - Diversity: The variety of living organisms, Biology - Continuity: The common descent of life, Biology - Homeostasis: Adapting to change, Biology - Interactions: Groups and environments, Biology - Scope of biology, Biology - Structure of life, Biology - Physiology of organisms, Biology - Diversity and evolution of organisms, Biology - Interactions of organisms, Biology - History of the word biology, Biology - History

Read more here: » Biology: Encyclopedia II - Biology - Scope of biology

Botany is the scientific study of plant life. As a branch of biology, it is also sometimes referred to as plant science(s) or plant biology. Botany covers a wide range of scientific disciplines that study the growth, reproduction, metabolism, development, diseases, ecology, and evolution of plants. Botany - Scope and importance of botany. As with other life forms in biology, plant life can be studied from different perspectives, from the molecular, genetic and biochemical level through organel ...

Including:

• Botany - Scope and importance of botany
• Botany - Feed the world
• Botany - Understand fundamental life processes
• Botany - Utilise medicine and materials
• Botany - Understand environmental changes
• Botany - History
• Botany - Early botany before 1945
• Botany - Modern botany since 1945

Read more here: » Botany: Encyclopedia - Botany

Bioethics is the ethics of biological science and medicine. Bioethics - Definition and scope. Bioethics concerns the ethical questions that arise in the relationships between biology, medicine, cybernetics, politics, law, philosophy, and theology. Disagreement exists about the proper scope for the application of ethical evaluation to questions involving biology. Some bioethicists would narrow ethical evaluation only to the morality of medical treatments or technological innovations, and the timing of ...

Including:

• Bioethics - Definition and scope
• Bioethics - Issues
• Bioethics - References general
• Bioethics - Muslim Bioethics
• Bioethics - Jewish Bioethics
• Bioethics - Christian Bioethics

Read more here: » Bioethics: Encyclopedia - Bioethics

Ecology, or ecological science, is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of living organisms and how these properties are affected by interactions between the organisms and their environment. The environment of an organism includes both the physical properties, which can be described as the sum of local abiotic factors like climate and geology, as well as the other organisms that share its habitat. The term oekologie was coined in 1866 by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel; the word is derived from the G ...

Including:

• Ecology - Scope
• Ecology - Disciplines of ecology
• Ecology - History of ecology
• Ecology - Fundamental principles of ecology
• Ecology - Biosphere and biodiversity
• Ecology - The ecosystem concept
• Ecology - Dynamics and stability
• Ecology - Spatial relationships and subdivisions of land
• Ecology - Ecosystem productivity
• Ecology - Ecological crisis

Read more here: » Ecology: Encyclopedia - Ecology

Sex, in the scope of this article and category, refers to the male and female duality of biology and reproduction. The somewhat similar term gender has more to do with identity than biology. The concept is confined to organisms that reproduce sexually. The female sex is defined as the one which produces the larger gamete (i.e., reproductive cell) and which typically bears the offspring. The category of sex reflects the biological reproductive function, rather than sexaulity or other behaviors. In some lower animals, sex may be assigned to specific structures rather than the entire organism as some species, such a ...

Including:

• Sex - Sex in non-animal species
• Sex - Sex among humans
• Sex - Discordance
• Sex - Biological varieties of discordance
• Sex - Psychological behavioral and cultural varieties of discordance
• Sex - Social and legal considerations

Read more here: » Sex: Encyclopedia - Sex

In computer science and mathematics, a variable is a symbol denoting a quantity or symbolic representation. In mathematics, a variable often represents an unknown quantity; in computer science, it represents a place where a quantity can be stored. Variables are often contrasted with constants, which are known and unchanging. In other scientific fields such as biology, chemistry, and physics, the word variable is used to refer to a measurable factor, characteristic, or attribute of an individual or a system. In a s ...

Including:

• Variable - General overview
• Variable - Why are variables useful?
• Variable - Computer programming
• Variable - Variables names
• Variable - Scope and extent
• Variable - Typed and untyped variables
• Variable - Parameters
• Variable - Memory allocation
• Variable - Mutable vs. immutable
• Variable - Constants
• Variable - External link

Read more here: » Variable: Encyclopedia - Variable

Cognitive science is usually defined as the scientific study either of mind or of intelligence (e.g. Luger 1994). Practically every introduction to cognitive science also stresses that it is highly interdisciplinary; components of cognitive science include psychology, linguistics, neuroscience, philosophy, computer science, robotics, anthropology and biology. Cognitive science - History. psychology, neuroscience, Neural Darwinism, Society of Mind theory, cognitive science of ...

Including:

• Cognitive science - History
• Cognitive science - Principles of Cognitive Science
• Cognitive science - Approaches
• Cognitive science - Levels of analysis
• Cognitive science - Interdisciplinary nature
• Cognitive science - Cognitive science - The term
• Cognitive science - Scope of cognitive science
• Cognitive science - Artificial intelligence
• Cognitive science - Attention
• Cognitive science - Language processing
• Cognitive science - Learning and development
• Cognitive science - Memory
• Cognitive science - Perception and action
• Cognitive science - Research methods
• Cognitive science - Behavioral experiments
• Cognitive science - Brain imaging
• Cognitive science - Computational modeling
• Cognitive science - Neurobiological methods
• Cognitive science - Key findings
• Cognitive science - Notable researchers in cognitive science and related fields

Read more here: » Cognitive science: Encyclopedia - Cognitive science

Zoology (Greek "ζώον", zoon = animal and "λόγος", logos = word, speech, with a literal meaning of "that which refers to" as in sociology, criminology etc.) is the biological discipline which involves the study of animals. Zoology - History of zoology. Main articles: History of zoology (before Darwin) History of zoology (since Darwin) Zoological distribution, Zootomy - the study of animal anatomy o ...

Including:

• Zoology - History of zoology
• Zoology - Branches of biology relevant to zoology
• Zoology - Systems of classification
• Zoology - Notable zoologists

Read more here: » Zoology: Encyclopedia - Zoology

Agrophysics is a new branch of science bordering on physics and agronomy, whose objects of study are the ecosystem and the biological object affected by human activity, studied and described using the methods of physical sciences. Agrophysics is closely related to biophysics, but is restricted to the biology of the plants and animals involved in agricultural activities and biodiversity. It is different from biophysics in having the necessity of taking into account the specific features of the research objects, which involves the knowledge of ag ...

Read more here: » Agrophysics: Encyclopedia - Agrophysics

Antipositivism is the view in sociology that social sciences need to create and use different scientific methods than those used in the field of natural sciences. Antipositivism - Evolution of the concept. Antipositivism evolved in the 19th century, when sociological positivism and sociological naturalism begun to be questioned by scientists like Wilhelm Dilthey and Heinrich Rickert, who argued that the world of nature is not the same as the world of society, as human societies have unique aspects like mean ...

Including:

• Antipositivism - Evolution of the concept
• Antipositivism - Critique of the positivism
• Antipositivism - Overview of non-positivistic approaches

Read more here: » Antipositivism: Encyclopedia - Antipositivism

Science (from Latin scientia - knowledge) refers to a system of acquiring knowledge - based on empiricism, experimentation, and methodological naturalism - aimed at finding out the truth. The basic unit of knowledge is the theory, which is a hypothesis that is predictive. The term science also refers to the organized body of knowledge humans have gained by such research. Most scientists feel that scientific investigation must adhere to the scientific method, a process for evaluating empirical knowledge under the w ...

Including:

• Science - What is science?
• Science - Scientific method
• Science - Philosophy of science
• Science - Mathematics and the scientific method
• Science - Goals of science
• Science - Locations of science
• Science - Science and social concerns
• Science - Scientific literature
• Science - Fields of science
• Science - Natural sciences
• Science - Social sciences
• Science - Holistic interdisciplinary and applied sciences
• Science - Environmental sciences
• Science - Etymology
• Science - External articles and references
• Science - Textbooks
• Science - News and articles
• Science - Resources
• Science - Further reading

Read more here: » Science: Encyclopedia - Science

History of creationism Creation in Genesis Types of creationism: Young Earth creationism - Creation science Old Earth creationism Omphalos creationism Theistic evolution Neo-Creationism Islamic creationism Intelligent design - Intelligent design movement Modern geocentrism Controversy: Creation vs. evolution ... in publ ...

Including:

• Creation and evolution in public education - United States
• Creation and evolution in public education - Early law
• Creation and evolution in public education - Modern legal cases
• Creation and evolution in public education - Movements to teach creationism in schools
• Creation and evolution in public education - Recent developments in state education programs
• Creation and evolution in public education - United Kingdom
• Creation and evolution in public education - US Legal quotes

Read more here: » Creation and evolution in public education: Encyclopedia - Creation and evolution in public education

Bionics (also known as biomimetics, biognosis, or biomimicry, Bionical Creatology, Bionical Creativity Engineering (S.Mahdi Golestan Hashemi) is the application of methods and systems found in nature to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology. Also a short form of biomechanics, the word 'bionic' is actually a portmanteau formed from biology (from the Greek word "βιος", pronounced "vios", ...

Including:

• Bionics - Methods
• Bionics - Examples of biomimetics
• Bionics - Specific uses of the term
• Bionics - In business
• Bionics - In medicine
• Bionics - Politics
• Bionics - Other uses
• Bionics - Quotes
• Bionics - External link
• Bionics - References

Read more here: » Bionics: Encyclopedia - Bionics

For more information, please refer to discussion on this page and/or the listing at Wikipedia:Requested pictures. An environment is a complex of external factors. It acts on a system and determines its course and form of existence. An environment may be thought of as a superset, of which the given system is a subset. An environment may have one or more parameters, physical or otherwise. The environment of a given system must interact with t ...

Including:

• Environment - Life science
• Environment - Physical science
• Environment - Liberal arts and social science
• Environment - Computer science and informatics

Read more here: » Environment: Encyclopedia - Environment

History of creationism Creation in Genesis Types of creationism: Young Earth creationism - Creation science Old Earth creationism Omphalos creationism Theistic evolution Neo-Creationism Islamic creationism Intelligent design - Intelligent design movement Modern geocentrism Controversy: Creation vs. evolution ... in public education Associated articles Teach the Controversy Irreducible ...

Including:

• Articles related to the creation-evolution controversy - Origins
• Articles related to the creation-evolution controversy - Evolution in context
• Articles related to the creation-evolution controversy - Natural history
• Articles related to the creation-evolution controversy - Cosmology
• Articles related to the creation-evolution controversy - Geology
• Articles related to the creation-evolution controversy - Evolutionary Biology
• Articles related to the creation-evolution controversy - Creationism
• Articles related to the creation-evolution controversy - Intelligent design
• Articles related to the creation-evolution controversy - Philosophy of science
• Articles related to the creation-evolution controversy - Philosophy of religion
• Articles related to the creation-evolution controversy - Creation-evolution controversy

Read more here: » Articles related to the creation-evolution controversy: Encyclopedia - Articles related to the creation-evolution controversy

Physical therapy (also known as physiotherapy) is a health profession concerned with the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of disease and disability through physical means. It is based upon principles of medical science, and is generally held to be within the sphere of conventional (rather than alternative) medicine. Physiotherapy is practiced by physiotherapists (also known as physical therapists, e.g. in the United States), though aspects may also be practiced under supervised delegation by physiotherapy assi ...

Including:

• Physical therapy - Scope of practice
• Physical therapy - History of physiotherapy
• Physical therapy - Assessment
• Physical therapy - Treatment
• Physical therapy - Musculoskeletal physiotherapy
• Physical therapy - Cardiopulmonary physiotherapy
• Physical therapy - Neurological physiotherapy
• Physical therapy - Physiotherapy education
• Physical therapy - Qualifications in the United States

Read more here: » Physical therapy: Encyclopedia - Physical therapy

Ecology is usually considered a branch of biology, the general science that studies living organisms. Organisms can be studied at many different levels, from proteins and nucleic acids (in biochemistry and molecular biology), to cells (in cellular biology), to individuals (in botany, zoology, and other similar disciplines), and finally at the level of populations, communities, and ecosystems, to the biosphere as a whole; these latter strata are the primary subjects of ecological inquiries. Ecology is a multi-disciplinary science. Because of ...

See also:

Ecology, Ecology - Scope, Ecology - Disciplines of ecology, Ecology - History of ecology, Ecology - Fundamental principles of ecology, Ecology - Biosphere and biodiversity, Ecology - The ecosystem concept, Ecology - Dynamics and stability, Ecology - Spatial relationships and subdivisions of land, Ecology - Ecosystem productivity, Ecology - Ecological crisis

Read more here: » Ecology: Encyclopedia II - Ecology - Scope

As with other life forms in biology, plant life can be studied from different perspectives, from the molecular, genetic and biochemical level through organelles, cells, tissues, organs, individuals, plant populations, and communities of plants. At each of these levels a botanist might be concerned with the classification (taxonomy), structure (anatomy), or function (physiology) of plant life. Historically, botany covers all organisms that were not considered to be animals. Some of these "plant-like" organisms include fungi (studied in ...

See also:

Botany, Botany - Scope and importance of botany, Botany - Feed the world, Botany - Understand fundamental life processes, Botany - Utilise medicine and materials, Botany - Understand environmental changes, Botany - History, Botany - Early botany before 1945, Botany - Modern botany since 1945

Read more here: » Botany: Encyclopedia II - Botany - Scope and importance of botany