biological tissue

Connective tissue is any type of biological tissue with an extensive extracellular matrix and often serves to support, bind together, and protect organs. There are four basic types: Bone contains specialized cells called osteocytes embedded in a mineralized extracellular matrix, and functions for general support. Blood functions in transport. Its extracellular matrix is the blood plasma, which transports dissolved nutrients, hormones, and carbon dioxide in the form of bicarbonate. The main cellular component is r ...

Including:

• Connective tissue - Disorders of connective tissue

Read more here: » Connective tissue: Encyclopedia - Connective tissue

In the context of biology, poisons are substances that cause injury, illness, or death to organisms, usually by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale. Some poisons are also toxins, usually referring to naturally produced substances, such as the bacterial proteins that cause tetanus and botulism. A distinction between the two terms is not always observed, even among scientists. Animal toxins that are delivered subcutaneously (e.g. by sting or bite) are also called venom. In normal usage, a poisonou ...

Including:

• Poison - Biological poisoning
• Poison - Poisoning in children
• Poison - Background
• Poison - Management
• Poison - By mechanism
• Poison - Corrosives T54
• Poison - Metabolic poisons energy
• Poison - Neurotoxins T44
• Poison - Teratogens birth defects
• Poison - Mutagens DNA damage
• Poison - Carcinogens cancer
• Poison - By source
• Poison - Non-radioactive inorganic poisons
• Poison - Organic poisons
• Poison - Naturally produced poisons and toxins
• Poison - Famous poisonings
• Poison - Confirmed poisonings
• Poison - Suspected or rumoured poisonings
• Poison - Poisons in crime fiction
• Poison - Novels
• Poison - Plays
• Poison - Films
• Poison - Poison in other literary works
• Poison - Novels

Read more here: » Poison: Encyclopedia - Poison

Phase I and Phase II reactions are biotransformations of chemicals that occur during drug metabolism. Phase I reactions usually precede Phase II, though not necessarily. During these reactions, polar bodies are either introduced or unmasked, which results in (more) polar metabolites of the original chemicals. Phase I reactions may occur by oxidation, reduction or hydrolysis reactions. If the metabolites of phase I reactions are sufficiently polar, they may be readily excreted at this point. However, many phase I p ...

See also:

Drug metabolism, Drug metabolism - Phase I vs. Phase II, Drug metabolism - Sites, Drug metabolism - Major enzymes and pathways, Drug metabolism - Phase I, Drug metabolism - Phase II, Drug metabolism - Factors that affect drug metabolism

Read more here: » Drug metabolism: Encyclopedia II - Drug metabolism - Phase I vs. Phase II

Part of the radio waves emitted by a mobile telephone handset are absorbed by the human head; the radio waves emitted by a GSM handset, for example, can have a power of up to 2 watts, and an analog phone in the USA (probably very few in use today) can have 3.6 watts, as in the old large mobile phone units installed in cars. Other digital mobile technologies, such as CDMA and TDMA, have today lower rates, under 1 watt. The average radiation rate of cellphones in some countries is regulated and it is mandatory to inform the consumers about it ...

See also:

Mobile phone radiation and health, Mobile phone radiation and health - Health hazards of handsets, Mobile phone radiation and health - Thermal effects, Mobile phone radiation and health - Non-thermal effects, Mobile phone radiation and health - Electromagnetic hypersensitivity syndrome, Mobile phone radiation and health - Health hazards of base stations, Mobile phone radiation and health - Occupational health hazards, Mobile phone radiation and health - Safety standards and licensing, Mobile phone radiation and health - Lawsuits, Mobile phone radiation and health - Precautionary Principle

Read more here: » Mobile phone radiation and health: Encyclopedia II - Mobile phone radiation and health - Health hazards of handsets

Moisturizers act on the most external of the skin layers, the so-called corneal stratum (stratum corneum, the anatomical term in Latin), which is largely formed by squamous cells or keratinocytes (an epithelial layer which is quite dynamic, i.e., it is being constantly shed and replaced by the growth of new cells coming from the deeper layers of the skin, therefore its name). Most, if not all, agents present in moisturizers are unable to penetrate ...

See also:

Moisturizer, Moisturizer - Mechanism of action, Moisturizer - Composition, Moisturizer - Adverse effects, Moisturizer - Reference

Read more here: » Moisturizer: Encyclopedia II - Moisturizer - Mechanism of action

In some cases, non-invasive methods will not work for the intended purpose, so medical technology has developed minimally-invasive methods, such as hypodermic injection (using the syringe), endoscopy, percutaneous surgery, laparoscopic surgery, coronary catheterization, angioplasty, stereotactic surgery and many others. The benefits for the patient are self-evident. ...

See also:

Non-invasive medical, Non-invasive medical - Diagnostic images, Non-invasive medical - Diagnostic signals, Non-invasive medical - Therapy

Read more here: » Non-invasive medical: Encyclopedia II - Non-invasive medical - Therapy

Surgical instruments have been manufactured since the dawn of pre-history. Rough trephines for performing round craniotomies were discovered in neolithic sites in many places. It is believed that they were used by shamans to release evil spirits and alleviate headaches and head traumas caused by war-inflicted wounds. In the Antiquity, surgeons and physicians in Greece and Rome developed many ingenious instruments manufactured from bronze, iron and silver, such as scalpels, lancets, curettes, tweezers, speculae, trephines, forceps, pro ...

See also:

Surgical instruments, Surgical instruments - Classification, Surgical instruments - History, Surgical instruments - Index of surgical instruments, Surgical instruments - Bibliography

Read more here: » Surgical instruments: Encyclopedia II - Surgical instruments - History

The majority of this section is sorted by ICD-10 code, which classifies poisons based upon the nature of the poison itself. However, it is also possible to classify poisons based upon the effect the poison has (for example, "Metabolic poisons" such as Antimycin, Malonate, and 2,4-Dinitrophenol act by adversely disrupting the normal metabolism of an organism.) Poison - T36-T50 Poisoning by drugs medicaments and biological substances. ...

See also:

Poison, Poison - Biological poisoning, Poison - Poisoning in children, Poison - Background, Poison - Management, Poison - Types of poisons, Poison - T36-T50 Poisoning by drugs medicaments and biological substances, Poison - T51-T65 Toxic effects of substances chiefly nonmedicinal as to source, Poison - Related categories, Poison - Poisoning in history and art

Read more here: » Poison: Encyclopedia II - Poison - Types of poisons

Contact or absorption of poisons can cause rapid death or impairment. Agents that act on the nervous system can paralyze in seconds or less, and include both biologically derived neurotoxins and so-called nerve gases, which may be synthesized for warfare or industry. Inhaled or ingested cyanide as used as method of execution on US gas chambers almost instantly starves the body of energy by poisoning mitochondria and the synthesis of ATP. Intravenous injection of an unnaturally high concentration of potassium chloride, such as in the executio ...

See also:

Poison, Poison - Biological poisoning, Poison - Poisoning in children, Poison - Background, Poison - Management, Poison - By mechanism, Poison - Corrosives T54, Poison - Metabolic poisons energy, Poison - Neurotoxins T44, Poison - Teratogens birth defects, Poison - Mutagens DNA damage, Poison - Carcinogens cancer, Poison - By source, Poison - Non-radioactive inorganic poisons, Poison - Organic poisons, Poison - Naturally produced poisons and toxins, Poison - Famous poisonings, Poison - Confirmed poisonings, Poison - Suspected or rumoured poisonings, Poison - Poisons in crime fiction, Poison - Novels, Poison - Plays, Poison - Films, Poison - Poison in other literary works, Poison - Novels

Read more here: » Poison: Encyclopedia II - Poison - Biological poisoning

Although simple and effective moisturizers can be prepared from two or three simple chemicals, such as stearate, olive oil, water and glycerin, commercial preparations are astoundingly complex and varied in composition and may include: Humectants, such as glycerin, urea, lactic acid and sorbitol; Natural moisturizing factors (NMF) include low molecular weight substances such as ammonia, aminoacids, glucosamine, creatinine, citrate and ionic solutions such as sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphate, calcium and magnesium. ...

See also:

Moisturizer, Moisturizer - Mechanism of action, Moisturizer - Composition, Moisturizer - Adverse effects, Moisturizer - Reference

Read more here: » Moisturizer: Encyclopedia II - Moisturizer - Composition

Contact or absorption of poisons can cause rapid death or impairment. Agents that act on the nervous system can paralyze in seconds or less, and include both biologically derived neurotoxins and so-called nerve gases, which may be synthesized for warfare or industry. Inhaled or ingested cyanide as used as method of execution on US gas chambers almost instantly starves the body of energy by poisoning mitochondria and the synthesis of ATP. Intravenous injection of an unnaturally high concentration of potassium chloride, such as in the executio ...

See also:

Poison, Poison - Biological poisoning, Poison - Poisoning in children, Poison - Background, Poison - Management, Poison - Types of poisons, Poison - T36-T50 Poisoning by drugs medicaments and biological substances, Poison - T51-T65 Toxic effects of substances chiefly nonmedicinal as to source, Poison - Related categories, Poison - Poisoning in history and art

Read more here: » Poison: Encyclopedia II - Poison - Biological poisoning

There are several classes of surgical instruments: Graspers, especially tweezers and forceps Clamps and occluders for blood vessels and other organs Retractors, used to spread open skin, ribs and other tissue Distractors, positioners and stereotactic devices Mechanical cutters (scalpels, lancets, drill bits, rasps, trocars, etc.) Dilators and speculae, for access to narrow passages or incisions Suction tips and tubes, for removal of bodily fluids Irrigation and injec ...

See also:

Surgical instruments, Surgical instruments - Classification, Surgical instruments - History, Surgical instruments - Index of surgical instruments, Surgical instruments - Bibliography

Read more here: » Surgical instruments: Encyclopedia II - Surgical instruments - Classification

Poison - Background. Poisoning is the fourth most common cause of accidents in children. Children less than 5 years of age and adolescent are prone to poisoning. Accidental ingestions are most common in children less than 5 years old. Adolescent ingestions are more typically a result of suicidal attempts or experimentation with illicit drugs. 90% of all poisonings occur at home, the most common site being the kitchen and the bathroom. Accidental poisonings occur most frequently when routines are disrupted, for ex ...

See also:

Poison, Poison - Biological poisoning, Poison - Poisoning in children, Poison - Background, Poison - Management, Poison - Types of poisons, Poison - T36-T50 Poisoning by drugs medicaments and biological substances, Poison - T51-T65 Toxic effects of substances chiefly nonmedicinal as to source, Poison - Related categories, Poison - Poisoning in history and art

Read more here: » Poison: Encyclopedia II - Poison - Poisoning in children

Telecommunication workers who spend time at a short distance from the active equipment, for the purposes of testing, maintenance, installation, etc. may be at risk of much greater exposure than the general population. Unfortunately, many times base stations are not turned off during maintenance, because that would affect the network, so people work near "live" antennas. In this way, excessive radiation levels may lead to adverse health effects, including severe acute burns or milder chronic alterations of the skin, and perhaps other n ...

See also:

Mobile phone radiation and health, Mobile phone radiation and health - Health hazards of handsets, Mobile phone radiation and health - Thermal effects, Mobile phone radiation and health - Non-thermal effects, Mobile phone radiation and health - Electromagnetic hypersensitivity syndrome, Mobile phone radiation and health - Health hazards of base stations, Mobile phone radiation and health - Occupational health hazards, Mobile phone radiation and health - Safety standards and licensing, Mobile phone radiation and health - Lawsuits, Mobile phone radiation and health - Precautionary Principle

Read more here: » Mobile phone radiation and health: Encyclopedia II - Mobile phone radiation and health - Occupational health hazards

See also victims of poisoning Poison - Confirmed poisonings. Bhopal Disaster — An accidental release of poisonous gas from a pesticide plant in India that killed over 2,000 people and injured many more. Jonestown inhabitants — died from a poisoned drink in a mass suicide/murder: see Jonestown mass suicide Love Canal — Buried toxic waste was covered and used as a building site for housing and school in Niagara Falls, New York, resulting in claims of ...

See also:

Poison, Poison - Biological poisoning, Poison - Poisoning in children, Poison - Background, Poison - Management, Poison - By mechanism, Poison - Corrosives T54, Poison - Metabolic poisons energy, Poison - Neurotoxins T44, Poison - Teratogens birth defects, Poison - Mutagens DNA damage, Poison - Carcinogens cancer, Poison - By source, Poison - Non-radioactive inorganic poisons, Poison - Organic poisons, Poison - Naturally produced poisons and toxins, Poison - Famous poisonings, Poison - Confirmed poisonings, Poison - Suspected or rumoured poisonings, Poison - Poisons in crime fiction, Poison - Novels, Poison - Plays, Poison - Films, Poison - Poison in other literary works, Poison - Novels

Read more here: » Poison: Encyclopedia II - Poison - Famous poisonings

Poison - Non-radioactive inorganic poisons. Arsenic compounds arsenic trioxide Fowler's solution inorganic compounds phosgene phosphine hydrogen sulfide Acids and bases, corrosives various light metal oxides, hydroxides, superoxides Bleach, some pool chemicals, ...

See also:

Poison, Poison - Biological poisoning, Poison - Poisoning in children, Poison - Background, Poison - Management, Poison - By mechanism, Poison - Corrosives T54, Poison - Metabolic poisons energy, Poison - Neurotoxins T44, Poison - Teratogens birth defects, Poison - Mutagens DNA damage, Poison - Carcinogens cancer, Poison - By source, Poison - Non-radioactive inorganic poisons, Poison - Organic poisons, Poison - Naturally produced poisons and toxins, Poison - Famous poisonings, Poison - Confirmed poisonings, Poison - Suspected or rumoured poisonings, Poison - Poisons in crime fiction, Poison - Novels, Poison - Plays, Poison - Films, Poison - Poison in other literary works, Poison - Novels

Read more here: » Poison: Encyclopedia II - Poison - By source

ICD-10 codes have been provided where available. Poison - Corrosives T54. Corrosives mechanically damage biological systems on contact. Both the sensation and injury caused by contact with a corrosive resembles a burn injury. Strong inorganic acids, such as concentrated sulfuric acid, nitric acid or hydrochloric acid, destroy any biological tissue with which they ...

See also:

Poison, Poison - Biological poisoning, Poison - Poisoning in children, Poison - Background, Poison - Management, Poison - By mechanism, Poison - Corrosives T54, Poison - Metabolic poisons energy, Poison - Neurotoxins T44, Poison - Teratogens birth defects, Poison - Mutagens DNA damage, Poison - Carcinogens cancer, Poison - By source, Poison - Non-radioactive inorganic poisons, Poison - Organic poisons, Poison - Naturally produced poisons and toxins, Poison - Famous poisonings, Poison - Confirmed poisonings, Poison - Suspected or rumoured poisonings, Poison - Poisons in crime fiction, Poison - Novels, Poison - Plays, Poison - Films, Poison - Poison in other literary works, Poison - Novels

Read more here: » Poison: Encyclopedia II - Poison - By mechanism

Poison - Background. Poisoning is the fourth most common cause of accidents in children. Children less than 5 years of age and adolescent are prone to poisoning. Accidental ingestions are most common in children less than 5 years old. Adolescent ingestions are a result of suicidal attempts or experimentation with illicit drugs. Self poisoning in a child older than 5 years old should be considered intentional! 90% of all poisonings occur at home, the most common site being the kitchen and the bathroom. Accidental ...

See also:

Poison, Poison - Biological poisoning, Poison - Poisoning in children, Poison - Background, Poison - Management, Poison - By mechanism, Poison - Corrosives T54, Poison - Metabolic poisons energy, Poison - Neurotoxins T44, Poison - Teratogens birth defects, Poison - Mutagens DNA damage, Poison - Carcinogens cancer, Poison - By source, Poison - Non-radioactive inorganic poisons, Poison - Organic poisons, Poison - Naturally produced poisons and toxins, Poison - Famous poisonings, Poison - Confirmed poisonings, Poison - Suspected or rumoured poisonings, Poison - Poisons in crime fiction, Poison - Novels, Poison - Plays, Poison - Films, Poison - Poison in other literary works, Poison - Novels

Read more here: » Poison: Encyclopedia II - Poison - Poisoning in children

This list is incomplete, given that poisoning is a frequent plot twist in crime fiction. Poison - Novels. Anthony Berkeley: The Poisoned Chocolates Case John Dickson Carr: The Burning Court Agatha Christie: Three Act Tragedy Agatha Christie: A Pocket Full of Rye Agatha Christie: Crooked House Agatha Christie: And Then There Were None Sir Arthur Conan Doyle: A Study in Scarlet Sir Art ...

See also:

Poison, Poison - Biological poisoning, Poison - Poisoning in children, Poison - Background, Poison - Management, Poison - By mechanism, Poison - Corrosives T54, Poison - Metabolic poisons energy, Poison - Neurotoxins T44, Poison - Teratogens birth defects, Poison - Mutagens DNA damage, Poison - Carcinogens cancer, Poison - By source, Poison - Non-radioactive inorganic poisons, Poison - Organic poisons, Poison - Naturally produced poisons and toxins, Poison - Famous poisonings, Poison - Confirmed poisonings, Poison - Suspected or rumoured poisonings, Poison - Poisons in crime fiction, Poison - Novels, Poison - Plays, Poison - Films, Poison - Poison in other literary works, Poison - Novels

Read more here: » Poison: Encyclopedia II - Poison - Poisons in crime fiction

Quantitatively, the liver is the principle organ of drug metabolism, although every biological tissue has some ability to metabolize drugs. Factors responsible for the liver's contribution to drug metabolism include that it is a large organ, that it is the first organ perfused by chemicals absorbed in the gut, and that there are very high concentrations of most drug-metabolizing enzyme systems relative to other organs. If a drug is very readily and well-metabolized, it is s ...

See also:

Drug metabolism, Drug metabolism - Phase I vs. Phase II, Drug metabolism - Sites, Drug metabolism - Major enzymes and pathways, Drug metabolism - Phase I, Drug metabolism - Phase II, Drug metabolism - Factors that affect drug metabolism

Read more here: » Drug metabolism: Encyclopedia II - Drug metabolism - Sites