Biological life cycle

A life cycle is a period involving one generation of an organism, whether through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. In regard to its ploidy, there are three types of cycles: haplontic life cycle diplontic life cycle diplobiontic life cycle (also referred to as diplohaplontic, haplodiplontic, or dibiontic life cycle) These three types of cycles feature alternating haploid and diploid phases (n and 2n). Th ...

Including:

• Biological life cycle - Haplontic life cycle
• Biological life cycle - Diplontic life cycle
• Biological life cycle - Diplobiontic life cycle

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A zygotic meiosis is a meiosis of a zygote immediately after karyogamy, which is the fusion of two cell nuclei. This way, the organism ends its diploid phase and produces several haploid cells. These cells divide mitotically to form either larger, multicellular individuals, or more haploid cells. Two opposite types of gametes (e.g., male and female) from these individuals or cells fuse to become a zygote. In the whole cycle, zygotes are th ...

See also:

Biological life cycle, Biological life cycle - Haplontic life cycle, Biological life cycle - Diplontic life cycle, Biological life cycle - Diplobiontic life cycle

Read more here: » Biological life cycle: Encyclopedia II - Biological life cycle - Haplontic life cycle

A zygote (Greek: ζυγωτόν) is a cell that is the result of fertilization. That is, two haploid cells—usually (but not always) an ovum from a female and a sperm cell from a male—merge into a single diploid cell called the zygote (or zygocyte). Animal zygotes undergo mitotic cell divisions to become an embryo. Other organisms may undergo meiotic cell division at this time (for more information refer to biological life cycles). Twins and multiple births can be mono ...

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Life is a multi-faceted concept that may refer to the ongoing process of which living things are a part the period between the conception (the point at which the entity can be considered to be an individualized being) and death of an organism the condition of an entity between conception and death that which makes a living thing alive. Life - Defining the concept of life. Life - A conventional definition. In biology, a ...

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• Life - Defining the concept of life
• Life - A conventional definition
• Life - Exceptions to the conventional definition
• Life - Other definitions
• Life - Descent with modification: a useful characteristic
• Life - Origin of life
• Life - The possibility of extraterrestrial life

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Life - A conventional definition. In biology, a life form has traditionally been considered to be a member of a population whose members can exhibit all the following phenomena at least once during their existence: Growth, full development, maturity Metabolism, consuming, transforming and storing energy/mass; growing by absorbing and reorganizing mass; excreting waste Motion, either moving itself, or having internal motion Reproduction, the ability of individuals to create ...

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Life, Life - Defining the concept of life, Life - A conventional definition, Life - Exceptions to the conventional definition, Life - Other definitions, Life - Descent with modification: a useful characteristic, Life - Origin of life, Life - The possibility of extraterrestrial life

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Main article: Origin of life There is no truly "standard" model of the origin of life, but most currently accepted scientific models build in one way or another on the following discoveries, which are listed roughly in order of postulated emergence: Plausible pre-biotic conditions result in the creation of the basic small molecules of life. This was demonstrated in the Urey-Miller experiment. Phospholipids spontaneously form lipid bilayers, the basic structure of a cell membrane. Procedures for producing random RNA molecules can produce ribozymes, which are able to produce more of themselves ...

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Life, Life - Defining the concept of life, Life - A conventional definition, Life - Exceptions to the conventional definition, Life - Other definitions, Life - Descent with modification: a useful characteristic, Life - Origin of life, Life - The possibility of extraterrestrial life

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Alternation of generations is a term applied to a reproductive cycle of certain plants, fungi, and protists. It is a bit of a misnomer, a more accurate name would be "alternation of phases of a single generation" because a generation of a species typically encompasses one complete life cycle (i.e., both alternating phases; see Biological life cycle). The life cycle of organisms with so-called "alternation of generations" is characterized by each phase consisting of two separate, free-living organisms: a gametophyteIncluding:

• Alternation of generations - Fungi
• Alternation of generations - Protists
• Alternation of generations - Plants
• Alternation of generations - Non-vascular plants
• Alternation of generations - Vascular plants

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Main articles: Extraterrestrial life, Astrobiology At this time, Earth is the only planet in the universe known by humans to support life. The question of whether life exists elsewhere in the universe remains open, but analyses such as the Drake equation have been used to estimate the probability of such life existing. There have been a number of claims of the discovery of life elsewhere in the u ...

See also:

Life, Life - Defining the concept of life, Life - A conventional definition, Life - Exceptions to the conventional definition, Life - Other definitions, Life - Descent with modification: a useful characteristic, Life - Origin of life, Life - The possibility of extraterrestrial life

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Two groups of protists undergo an alternation of generations: the slime moulds and the foraminifera. The life cycle of slime moulds is very similar to that of fungi. Haploid spores germinate to form swarm cells or myxamoebae. These fuse in a process referred to as plasmogamy and karyogamy to form a diploid zygote. The zygote develops into a plasmodium, and the mature plasmodium produces, depending on the species, ...

See also:

Alternation of generations, Alternation of generations - Fungi, Alternation of generations - Protists, Alternation of generations - Plants, Alternation of generations - Non-vascular plants, Alternation of generations - Vascular plants

Read more here: » Alternation of generations: Encyclopedia II - Alternation of generations - Protists

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In gametic meiosis, instead of immediately dividing meiotically to produce haploid cells, the zygote divides mitotically to produce a multicellular diploid individual or a group of more diploid cells. Cells from the diploid individuals then undergo meiosis to produce gametes. The haploid gametes do not divide mitotically, however. Without growing larger, the gametes would fuse and produce the diploid zygote with gametes of the opposite type. In the whole cycle, gametes are the ...

See also:

Biological life cycle, Biological life cycle - Haplontic life cycle, Biological life cycle - Diplontic life cycle, Biological life cycle - Diplobiontic life cycle

Read more here: » Biological life cycle: Encyclopedia II - Biological life cycle - Diplontic life cycle