Encyclopedia - Biodiesel: Encyclopedia - Biodiesel
Biodiesel is fuel made from renewable resources such as vegetable oils or animal fats. It is biodegradable and non-toxic, and has signifi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biodiesel: Encyclopedia Ii - Biodiesel - Production
Main article: Biodiesel production Chemically, biodiesel comprises a mix of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids. The most common ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biodiesel: Encyclopedia Ii - Biodiesel - Availability
Biodiesel - Australia. With around 100 million litres (26.5 million US Gallons) annual production capacity, commercial biodiesel produc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yellow Grease: Encyclopedia - Yellow Grease
Yellow grease is a term from the rendering industry. It usually means used frying oils from deep fryers and restaurants' grease traps. It...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Waste Vegetable Oil: Encyclopedia - Waste Vegetable Oil
Waste Vegetable Oil (WVO) is vegetable oil that has become unfit for food preparation. The common causes of this degradation are: Chemic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Diesel: Encyclopedia - Diesel
Diesel or Diesel fuel is a specific fractional distillate of fuel oil (mostly petroleum) that is used as fuel in a diesel engine invented...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vegetable Oil: Encyclopedia - Vegetable Oil
Vegetable oil or vegoil is fat extracted from plant sources, known as oil plants. Although in principle other parts of plants may yield o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Algae: Encyclopedia - Algae
The algae (singular alga) consist of several different groups of living organisms that capture light energy through photosynthesis, conve...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biofuel: Encyclopedia - Biofuel
Biofuel is any fuel that derives from biomass — recently living organisms or their metabolic byproducts, such as manure from cows. It i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biomass To Liquid: Encyclopedia - Biomass To Liquid
Biomass to liquid (BTL) is a (multi step) process to produce liquid fuels out of biomass: Making ethanol from sugar cane Fischer Tropsch...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alternative Fuel Cars: Encyclopedia - Alternative Fuel Cars
Alternative fuel cars refers to cars run on Alternative fuel; any method of powering an engine that does not involve petroleum. Alternat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biomass: Encyclopedia - Biomass
Biomass is organic non-fossil material, collectively. In other words, biomass comprises the mass of all biological organisms, dead or ali...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Augsburg: Encyclopedia - Augsburg
Augsburg is a city in south-central Germany. It is the capital of the Swabia administrative region of Bavaria, and is located at the conf...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bd: Encyclopedia - Bd
BD may mean: Bachelor of Divinity, an academic degree Bande dessinée (also written "bédé"), the French expression for comic books Ban...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alternative Fuel: Encyclopedia - Alternative Fuel
Alternative fuel is any method of powering an engine that do not involve petroleum (oil). Some alternative fuels are electricity, hythane...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soybean: Encyclopedia - Soybean
Soybean(s) (U.S.) or soya bean (UK): A legume, the botanical name of which is Glycine max (L.) Merrill. It is a summer annual varying in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biodiesel: Encyclopedia Ii - Biodiesel - History
Transesterification of a vegetable oil was conducted as early as 1853, by scientists E. Duffy and J. Patrick, many years before the first...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biodiesel Production: Encyclopedia Ii - Biodiesel Production - Reaction
by arno The reaction may be shown CH2COOR1 | CHCOOR1 + 3 CH3OH → (CH2OH)2CH-OH + 3 CH3COO-R1 | CH2COOR1 Since we are dealing with natur...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biodiesel Processor: Encyclopedia Ii - Biodiesel Processor - Biodiesel Processors For Home Brew Users
Biodiesel can be made at home. The required ingredients are any triglyceride fat or oil (animal tallow or vegetable oil, as used in cooki...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biodiesel Production: Encyclopedia Ii - Biodiesel Production - Production Methods
There are three basic routes to biodiesel production from biolipids (biological oils and fats): Base catalyzed transesterification of th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biodiesel Processor: Encyclopedia Ii - Biodiesel Processor - Industrial Processors
Batch processing is convenient for small productions (no more than 10,000 t/year). In the industrial continuous machines, the reaction an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biodiesel: Encyclopedia Ii - Biodiesel - Fuel Quality Standards And Properties
Biodiesel is a clear amber-yellow liquid with a viscosity similar to petrodiesel, the industry term for diesel produced from petroleum. I...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biodiesel Production: Encyclopedia Ii - Biodiesel Production - Base Catalysed Mechanism
This reaction is base catalysed. Any strong base will do, e.g. NaOH, KOH, Sodium Methoxide, etc. Commonly the base (KOH,NaOH) is dissolve...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Diesel: Encyclopedia Ii - Diesel - Biodiesel
Biodiesel can be obtained from vegetable oil and animal fats (bio-lipids, using transesterification). Biodiesel is a non-fossil fuel alte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Titration: Encyclopedia Ii - Titration - Titration Curves
Titrations are often recorded on titration curves, whose compositions are generally identical: the independent variable is the volume of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Diesel: Encyclopedia Ii - Diesel - Biodiesel
Biodiesel can be obtained from vegetable oil and animal fats (bio-lipids, using transesterification). Biodiesel is a non-fossil fuel alte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Glycerin: Encyclopedia Ii - Glycerin - Glycerin And Biodiesel
As a byproduct of biodiesel production, each of the OH sites in HO-CH2-CH(-OH)-CH2-OH is one of the three places where a fatty acid chain...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biodiesel: Encyclopedia Ii - Biodiesel - Fuel Quality, Standards And Properties
Biodiesel is a clear amber-yellow liquid with a viscosity similar to petrodiesel, the industry term for diesel produced from petroleum. I...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Algae: Encyclopedia Ii - Algae - Biodiesel Production From Algae
www.eere.energy.govDepartment of Energy Aquatic Species Program; Biodiesel Production from Algae. pdf file If predictions from small scal...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rapeseed: Encyclopedia Ii - Rapeseed - Cultivation And Uses
Rapeseed is very widely cultivated throughout the world for the production of animal feed, vegetable oil for human consumption, and biodi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Waste Vegetable Oil: Encyclopedia Ii - Waste Vegetable Oil - Use In Diesel Engines
One of the first demonstration diesel engines ran on peanut oil. However, modern diesel engines are designed to run on petrodiesel. They ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Titration: Encyclopedia Ii - Titration - Procedure
N.B. Before starting, make sure that all of your glassware—especially the burette—is clean and dry. Accurately measure a volume of t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Titration: Encyclopedia Ii - Titration - Types
Different types of titration include: Acid-base titration Redox titration is a type of titration based on a redox reaction between the a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alternative Fuel Cars: Encyclopedia Ii - Alternative Fuel Cars - Biodiesel
Biodiesel is commercially available in most oilseed-producing states in the United States. As of 2005, it is somewhat more expensive than...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Diesel: Encyclopedia Ii - Diesel - Petroleum Diesel
Diesel is produced from petroleum, and is sometimes called petrodiesel (or, less seriously, dinodiesel) when there is a need to distingui...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Glycerin: Encyclopedia Ii - Glycerin - Purification
Like biodiesel by-product, the purification of the lower glycerin phase involves: neutralisation, separation of unreacted methanol, dilut...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Waste Vegetable Oil: Encyclopedia Ii - Waste Vegetable Oil - The Quantities Involved
As of 2000, the United States were producing in excess of 11 billion liters (0.011 km³) of waste vegetable oil annually, mainly from ind...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rapeseed: Encyclopedia Ii - Rapeseed - Pests And Diseases Affecting Rapeseed
Rapeseed - Insect pests. Flea beetles (Phyllotreta sp.), Diamondback moths (Plutella xylostella), Bertha armyworms (Mamestra configura...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Diesel: Encyclopedia Ii - Diesel - Other Uses
Bad quaility (high sulfur) diesel fuel has been used as a palladium extraction agent for the liquid-liquid extraction of this metal from ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Diesel: Encyclopedia Ii - Diesel - Other Uses
Bad quality (high sulfur) diesel fuel has been used as a palladium extraction agent for the liquid-liquid extraction of this metal from n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Diesel: Encyclopedia Ii - Diesel - Uses
Diesel fuel is very similar to heating oil which is used in central heating. In both Europe and the United States, taxes on diesel fuel a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Glycerin: Encyclopedia Ii - Glycerin - Applications
Glycerin - Drugs. Used in medical and pharmaceutical preparations, mainly as a means of improving smoothness, providing lubrication an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Diesel: Encyclopedia Ii - Diesel - Uses
Diesel fuel is very similar to heating oil which is used in central heating. In Europe, the United States and Canada, taxes on diesel fue...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rapeseed: Encyclopedia Ii - Rapeseed - Controversy
The Monsanto Company has genetically engineered new cultivars of rapeseed that are resistant to the effects of the herbicide Roundup. The...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Algae: Encyclopedia Ii - Algae - Uses Of Algae
Algae is currently used in many wastewater treatment facilities, reducing the need for more dangerous chemicals. Algae can be used to cap...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vegetable Oil: Encyclopedia Ii - Vegetable Oil - Sources
Common sources of vegetable oil include: Oilseeds: cashew castor bean - castor oil flax seed - linseed oil grape seed - grape seed oil h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sodium Hydroxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Sodium Hydroxide - Precautions
Gloves, eye protection should be worn when using sodium hydroxide, since there is a high danger of causing chemical burns, permanent inju...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biofuel: Encyclopedia Ii - Biofuel - Classes Of Biofuels
Biofuel - Solid. There are many forms of solid biomass that are combustible as a fuel1 such as: Wood — see wood fuel. Straw and othe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biofuel: Encyclopedia Ii - Biofuel - Classes Of Biofuels
Biofuel - Solid. There are many forms of solid biomass that are combustible as a fuel1 such as: Wood — see wood fuel. Straw and othe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Glycerin: Encyclopedia Ii - Glycerin - Glycerin And Triglycerides
When referring to its function in living organisms, the term glycerol is preferred. Glycerol is an important component of triglycerides (...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Algae: Encyclopedia Ii - Algae - Algal Cultivation
Algae can be grown in tanks [1] Algae can be grown in raceway-type ponds and lakes [2] Algae can be grown in a photobioreactor http://www...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sodium Hydroxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Sodium Hydroxide - Chemical Properties
Sodium hydroxide is completely ionic, containing sodium ions and hydroxide ions. The hydroxide ion makes sodium hydroxide a strong base w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Algae: Encyclopedia Ii - Algae - Algae And Symbioses
Algae frequently form part of a symbiosis with other organisms. In these symbioses, the algae photosynthesise and supply photosynthates t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Algae: Encyclopedia Ii - Algae - Algae And Symbioses
Algae frequently form part of a symbiosis with other organisms. In these symbioses, the algae photosynthesise and supply photosynthates t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sodium Hydroxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Sodium Hydroxide - Uses
Sodium hydroxide - General applications. Sodium hydroxide is the principal strong base used in the chemical industry. In bulk it is mos...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Algae: Encyclopedia Ii - Algae - Uses Of Algae
Algae is currently used in many wastewater treatment facilities, reducing the need for more dangerous chemicals. Algae can be used to cap...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sodium Hydroxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Sodium Hydroxide - Uses
Sodium hydroxide - General applications. Sodium hydroxide is the principal strong base used in the chemical industry. In bulk it is mos...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Algae: Encyclopedia Ii - Algae - Algal Cultivation
Algae can be grown in tanks [3] Algae can be grown in raceway-type ponds and lakes [4] Due to the fact that these systems are "open" to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vegetable Oil: Encyclopedia Ii - Vegetable Oil - Production Of Edible Oil
Neither the oil nor the meal is considered edible immediately upon crushing the bean and extracting the crude vegetable oil. Animals fed ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biofuel: Encyclopedia Ii - Biofuel - Energy Content Of Biofuel
Examples. One widespread use of biofuels is in home cooking and heating. Typical fuels for this are wood, charcoal or dried dung. The b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vegetable Oil: Encyclopedia Ii - Vegetable Oil - Sources Of Vegetable Oil
Common sources of vegetable oil include: Oilseeds: cashew castor bean - castor oil flax seed - linseed oil grape seed - grape seed oil h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alternative Fuel Cars: Encyclopedia Ii - Alternative Fuel Cars - Biogas
Compressed Biogas may be used for Internal Combustion Engines after purification of the raw gas. The removal of H2O, H2S and particles ca...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alternative Fuel Cars: Encyclopedia Ii - Alternative Fuel Cars - Air Car
The air engine is an emission-free piston engine using compressed air as fuel that was invented by Guy Nègre, a French engineer. It uses...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alternative Fuel Cars: Encyclopedia Ii - Alternative Fuel Cars - Alcohol
The use of alcohol as a fuel for internal combustion engines, either alone or in combination with other fuels, has been given much attent...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alternative Fuel Cars: Encyclopedia Ii - Alternative Fuel Cars - Flexible Fuel
A flexible-fuel vehicle or dual-fuel vehicle is an automobile or truck (lorry) that can typically alternate between two sources of fuel. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alternative Fuel Cars: Encyclopedia Ii - Alternative Fuel Cars - Hybrid
A hybrid vehicle uses multiple propulsion systems to provide motive power. This most commonly refers to gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vegetable Oil: Encyclopedia Ii - Vegetable Oil - History Of Vegetable Oils In The Us
While olive oil and other pressed oils have been around for millenia, Procter & Gamble researchers were innovators when they started ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alternative Fuel Cars: Encyclopedia Ii - Alternative Fuel Cars - Hydrogen
A hydrogen car is an automobile which uses hydrogen as its primary source of power for locomotion. These cars generally use the hydrogen ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Potassium Hydroxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Potassium Hydroxide - Uses
It is a major industrial chemical used as a base in a wide variety of chemical processes. It is used as a catalyst in reactions like the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alternative Fuel Cars: Encyclopedia Ii - Alternative Fuel Cars - Solar
A solar car is an electric vehicle powered by solar energy obtained from solar panels on the car. Solar cars are not currently a practica...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alternative Fuel Cars: Encyclopedia Ii - Alternative Fuel Cars - Steam
A steam car is a car that has a steam engine. Wood, coal, ethanol, or others can be used as fuel. The fuel is burned in a boiler and the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Augsburg: Encyclopedia Ii - Augsburg - History
The city was founded in 15 BC in the reign of Roman emperor Augustus as a garrison called Augusta Vindelicorum. It was laid waste by the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Augsburg: Encyclopedia Ii - Augsburg - Miscellaneous
The patron saint of Augsburg is Saint Afra, who was killed by the Romans at Augsburg in 304. An earlier patroness was Zisa, referenced in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Appropriate Technology: Encyclopedia Ii - Appropriate Technology - Some Appropriate Technologies
Some technologies that may be considered appropriate technology in the right context: Appropriate technology - Communication. Wind-up R...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acid: Encyclopedia Ii - Acid - Acid Number
The Acid number is used to quantify the amount of acid present, for example in a sample of biodiesel. It is the quantity of base, express...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soybean: Encyclopedia Ii - Soybean - Applications
Soybeans can be broadly classified as "vegetable" (garden) or field(oil) types. Vegetable types cook more easily, have a mild nutty flavo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soybean: Encyclopedia Ii - Soybean - Soybean Production
Soybeans are native to southeast Asia, but 45 percent of the world's soybean area, and 55 percent of production, is in the United States....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soybean: Encyclopedia Ii - Soybean - Research
The first research on soybeans in the United States was conducted by George Washington Carver at Tuskeegee, Alabama but he decided it was...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soybean: Encyclopedia Ii - Soybean - Genetic Modification
Soybeans are one of the crops that are being genetically modified, and GMO soybeans are being used in an increasing number of products. M...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sunflower: Encyclopedia Ii - Sunflower - Cultivation And Uses
To grow well, sunflowers need full sun. They grow best in fertile, moist, well-drained soil with a lot of mulch. Seeds should be 45 cm (1...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alternative Fuel: Encyclopedia Ii - Alternative Fuel - Alternatives To Oil
Alternative fuel - Non-conventional oil. Non-conventional oil is another source of oil separate from conventional or traditional oil. N...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hydrogen Vehicle: Encyclopedia Ii - Hydrogen Vehicle - Hydrogen Internal Combustion
Hydrogen internal combustion engine cars are different from hydrogen fuel cell cars. The hydrogen internal combustion car is a slightly m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hydrogen Vehicle: Encyclopedia Ii - Hydrogen Vehicle - Hydrogen Internal Combustion
Hydrogen internal combustion engine cars are different from hydrogen fuel cell cars. The hydrogen internal combustion car is a slightly m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soybean: Encyclopedia Ii - Soybean - Nutrition And Health Effects
Soybean - Protein. Soybeans are considered a source of complete protein, i.e., protein that contains significant amounts of all the ess...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hydrogen Vehicle: Encyclopedia Ii - Hydrogen Vehicle - Automobile And Bus Makers
Many companies are currently researching the feasability of building hydrogen cars. Funding has come from both private and government sou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soybean: Encyclopedia Ii - Soybean - Cultivation
Soybeans are an important global crop, with political ramifications. It is grown for its oil and protein. The bulk of the crop is solvent...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soybean: Encyclopedia Ii - Soybean - Nutrition
Soybean - Protein. Soybeans are a source of complete protein. A complete protein is one that contains significant amounts of all the es...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soybean: Encyclopedia Ii - Soybean - Health
Soybean - Isoflavones. Soybeans also contain isoflavones, forms of phytoestrogen that are considered by some nutritionists and physicia...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sodium Hydroxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Sodium Hydroxide - Manufacture
In 1998, total world production was around 45 million tonnes. Of this, both North America and Asia contributed around 14 million tonnes, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hydrogen Vehicle: Encyclopedia Ii - Hydrogen Vehicle - Hydrogen Fuel Cell
While fuel cells are potentially highly efficient, and working prototypes were made by Roger E. Billings in the late 1960s, three major o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soybean: Encyclopedia Ii - Soybean - Uses
Soybeans can be broadly classified as "vegetable" (garden) or field (oil) types. Vegetable types cook more easily, have a mild nutty flav...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soybean: Encyclopedia Ii - Soybean - Overview
The word soy is derived from the Japanese word shoyu (soy sauce/soya sauce. "It is never correct to say "bean" when you mean to say, soyb...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sodium Hydroxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Sodium Hydroxide - Manufacture
In 1998, total world production was around 45 million tonnes. Of this, both North America and Asia contributed around 14 million tonnes, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soybean: Encyclopedia Ii - Soybean - Cultivation
Soybeans are an important global crop, with political ramifications. It is grown for its oil and protein. The bulk of the crop is solvent...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Augsburg: Encyclopedia Ii - Augsburg - Miscellaneous
The patron saint of Augsburg is Saint Afra, who was killed by the Romans at Augsburg in 304. An earlier patroness was Zisa, referenced in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Augsburg: Encyclopedia Ii - Augsburg - History
The city was founded in 15 BC in the reign of Roman emperor Augustus as a garrison called Augusta Vindelicorum. It was laid waste by the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Appropriate Technology For Developing Countries: Encyclopedia Ii - Appropriate Technology For Developing Countries - Some Appropriate Technologies
Some technologies that may be considered appropriate technology in the right context: Appropriate technology for developing countries - ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ethanol: Encyclopedia Ii - Ethanol - History
Ethanol has been used by humans since prehistory as the intoxicating ingredient in alcoholic beverages. Dried residues on 9000-year-old p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ethanol: Encyclopedia Ii - Ethanol - Denatured Alcohol
In most jurisdictions, the sale of ethanol, as a pure substance or in the form of alcoholic beverages, is heavily taxed. In order to to r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ethanol: Encyclopedia Ii - Ethanol - Metabolism And Toxicology
Main article: effects of alcohol on the body In the human body, ethanol is first oxidized to acetaldehyde, and then to acetic acid. The f...   » Read the article