biodiesel

Biodiesel is fuel made from renewable resources such as vegetable oils or animal fats. It is biodegradable and non-toxic, and has significantly fewer emissions than petroleum-based diesel (petro-diesel) when burned. Biodiesel functions in current diesel engines, and is a possible candidate to replace fossil fuels as the world's primary transport energy source. With a flash point of 150 °C, Biodiesel is classified as a non-flammable liquid by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. This property makes a vehicle fuele ...

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Biodiesel - Availability

biodiesel: Encyclopedia II - Biodiesel - Production Main article: Biodiesel production Chemically, biodiesel comprises a mix of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids. The most common form uses methanol to produce methyl esters as it is the cheapest alcohol available, though ethanol can be used to produce an ethyl ester biodiesel and higher alcohols such as isopropanol and butanol have also been used. Using alcohols of higher molecular weights improves the cold flow properties of the resulting ester, at the cost of a less efficient transesterification reaction. A byproduct ...

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biodiesel: Encyclopedia - Diesel

Diesel or Diesel fuel is a specific fractional distillate of fuel oil (mostly petroleum) that is used as fuel in a diesel engine invented by German engineer Rudolf Diesel. The term typically refers to fuel that has been processed from petroleum, but increasingly, alternatives such as biodiesel or biomass to liquid (BTL) or gas to liquid (GTL) diesel that are not derived from petroleum are being developed. Diesel - Petroleum diesel. Diesel is produced from petroleum, and is sometimes called petrodi ...

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Diesel - Petroleum diesel

Diesel - Chemical composition

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biodiesel: Encyclopedia - Vegetable oil

Vegetable oil or vegoil is fat extracted from plant sources, known as oil plants. Although in principle other parts of plants may yield oil, in practice seeds form the almost exclusive source. Vegetable oils are used as cooking oils and for industrial uses. Some types, such as rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, or castor oil, are not fit for human consumption without further processing. Like all fats, vegetable oils are esters of glycerin and a varying blend of fatty acids, and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic so ...

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biodiesel: Encyclopedia - Algae

The algae (singular alga) consist of several different groups of living organisms that capture light energy through photosynthesis, converting inorganic substances into simple sugars with the captured energy. Algae have been traditionally regarded as simple plants, and some are closely related to the higher plants. Others appear to represent different protist groups, alongside other organisms that are traditionally considered more animal-like (protoz ...

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Algae - Relationships among algal groups

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biodiesel: Encyclopedia - Biofuel

Biofuel is any fuel that derives from biomass — recently living organisms or their metabolic byproducts, such as manure from cows. It is a renewable energy source, unlike other natural resources such as petroleum, coal and nuclear fuels. The carbon in biofuels was recently extracted from atmospheric carbon dioxide by growing plants, so burning it does not result in a net increase of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere. As a result, biofuels are seen by many as a way to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by using th ...

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Biofuel - Classes of Biofuels

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biodiesel: Encyclopedia - Biomass to liquid

Biomass to liquid (BTL) is a (multi step) process to produce liquid fuels out of biomass: Making ethanol from sugar cane Fischer Tropsch process is used to produce synfuels out of gasified biomass. While biodiesel and bio-ethanol production so far only use parts of a plant, i.e. oil, sugar or starch, BTL production uses the whole plant which is gasified or converted enzymatically . The result is that for BTL, less land area is required per unit of energy produced compared with biodiesel or b ...

biodiesel: Encyclopedia - Alternative fuel cars

Alternative fuel cars refers to cars run on Alternative fuel; any method of powering an engine that does not involve petroleum. Alternative fuel cars - Air car. The air engine is an emission-free piston engine using compressed air as fuel that was invented by Guy Nègre, a French engineer. It uses the expansion of compressed air to drive the pistons in a modified piston engine. Efficiency of operation is gained through the use of environmental heat at normal temperature to warm the othe ...

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biodiesel: Encyclopedia - Biomass

Biomass is organic non-fossil material, collectively. In other words, biomass comprises the mass of all biological organisms, dead or alive, excluding biological mass that has been transformed by geological processes into substances such as coal or petroleum. The most successful animal of the earth, in terms of biomass, is the Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, with a biomass of probably over 500 million tonnes, roughly twice the total biomass of humans. The entire earth contains about 75 billion tons of biomass. Humans ...

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Biomass - Types of high volume industrial biomass on Earth

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biodiesel: Encyclopedia - Augsburg

Augsburg is a city in south-central Germany. It is the capital of the Swabia administrative region of Bavaria, and is located at the confluence of the Wertach and Lech rivers. The population was 276,193 in 2004. Augsburg - Districts. There are 17 districts Stadteile in Augsburg: Innenstadt Antonsviertel Bärenkeller Bergheim (includes Neubergheim, Wellenburg, Radegundis and Fuchssiedlung) Firnhaberau Göggingen mit Schafweidsiedlung H ...

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biodiesel: Encyclopedia - BD

BD may mean: Bachelor of Divinity, an academic degree Bande dessinée (also written "bédé"), the French expression for comic books Bangladesh, the ISO 3166-1 2-letter country code BD, a common Internet emoticon for a sunglassed person laughing Bermuda, FIPS PUB 10-4 territory code and obsolete NATO country code Biodiesel Birthday, Internet slang Blu-ray Disc, the next-generation blue laser optical disc format bmi (airline), IATA airline desig ...

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biodiesel: Encyclopedia - Alternative fuel

Alternative fuel is any method of powering an engine that do not involve petroleum (oil). Some alternative fuels are electricity, hythane, hydrogen, natural gas, wood, and vegetable oil. The need for the development of Alternative fuel sources, has been growing because of concerns that the reserves of oil are finite and will one day run out completly. See Oil depletion. The relative difficulty in obtaining oil which is a major cause of conflict, especialy in areas like the Middle East, has caused the price of oil to slowly rise ...

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Alternative fuel - Alternatives to oil

biodiesel: Encyclopedia - Soybean

Soybean(s) (U.S.) or soya bean (UK): A legume, the botanical name of which is Glycine max (L.) Merrill. It is a summer annual varying in height from less than a foot to more than 6 feet with a growth habit from stiffly erect to prostrate; cultivated varieties(cultivar) may reach a height of 3 feet or more; the seeds (soybeans) are borne in hairy-pods that grow in clusters of three to five with each pod usually containing 2 or 3 or more seeds. Soybean - Overview. The word soy is derived from th ...

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Soybean - Overview

Soybean - Applications

Soybean - Soybean processing

Soybean - Soybean production

Soybean - Genetic Modification

Soybean - Research

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biodiesel: Encyclopedia II - Biodiesel - History

Transesterification of a vegetable oil was conducted as early as 1853, by scientists E. Duffy and J. Patrick, many years before the first diesel engine became functional. Rudolf Diesel's prime model, a single 10 ft (3 m) iron cylinder with a flywheel at its base, ran on its own power for the first time in Augsburg, Germany on August 10, 1893. In remembrance of this event, August 10 has been declared International Biodiesel Day. Diesel later demonstrated his engine and received the "Grand Prix" (highest prize) at the World Fair in Pari ...

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