A biochemical cascade is a series of chemical reactions in which the products of one reaction are consumed in the next reaction. There are several important biochemical cascade reactions in biochemistry, including the enzymatic cascades, like the coagulation cascade and the complement system, and the signal transduction cascades like the olfactory signal-transduction cascade. Other related archivesbiochemistry, coagulation cascade, complement system, signal transduction

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Including:

• Biochemical engineering - The Bioreactor
• Biochemical engineering - Bioreactor design
• Biochemical engineering - NASA Tissue Cloning Bioreactor

Read more here: » Biochemical engineering: Encyclopedia - Biochemical engineering

A bioreactor may refer to any device or system that supports a biologically active environment. In one case, a bioreactor is a vessel in which is carried out a chemical process which involves organisms or biochemically active substances derived from such organisms. This process can either be aerobic or anaerobic. These bioreactors are commonly cylindrical, ranging in size from some liter to cube meters,and are often made of stainless steel. A bioreactor may also refer to a device or system meant to grow cells or tissues in the context of cell culture. These ...

See also:

Biochemical engineering, Biochemical engineering - The Bioreactor, Biochemical engineering - Bioreactor design, Biochemical engineering - NASA Tissue Cloning Bioreactor

Read more here: » Biochemical engineering: Encyclopedia II - Biochemical engineering - The Bioreactor

Coenzyme Q (CoQ), also known as ubiquinone or ubiquinol, is a biologically active quinone with an isoprenoid side chain, related in structure to vitamin K and vitamin E. Coenzyme Q - History. Coenzyme Q was first discovered in 1957 by professor F. L. Crane and colleagues at the University of Wisconsin Enzyme Institute. In 1958, its chemical structure was reported by Dr. D.E. Wolf and a research group at Merck Laboratories led by Dr. Karl Folkers. Coenzyme Q - Chemi ...

Including:

• Coenzyme Q - History
• Coenzyme Q - Chemical properties
• Coenzyme Q - Biochemical role
• Coenzyme Q - Supplementation
• Coenzyme Q - Synthesis and Its Inhibition by Statins

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An antibody is a protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses. Each antibody recognizes a specific antigen unique to its target. Production of antibodies is referred to as the humoral immune system. Antibody - Definition. Immunoglobulins are glycoproteins in the immunoglobulin superfamily that function as antibodies. The terms antibody and immunoglobulin are often used interchangeably. They are found in the blood and tissue fluids, as w ...

Including:

• Antibody - Definition
• Antibody - Structure of the antibody
• Antibody - Isotypes
• Antibody - IgG
• Antibody - IgA
• Antibody - IgM
• Antibody - IgD
• Antibody - IgE
• Antibody - Function
• Antibody - The humoral immune response
• Antibody - Medical applications
• Antibody - Biochemical applications

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Alternative biochemistry collectively refers to an assortment of astrobiology theories and hypotheses in which life is based on chemical systems other than those used by currently known forms of life. Proponents of such theories sometimes use the expression carbon chauvinism to disparage the assumption that carbon molecules are necessarily the basis for all life. Up to this point, however, no non-carbon based life-form has been discovered. Alternative biochemistry - Silicon biochemistry. The most com ...

Including:

• Alternative biochemistry - Silicon biochemistry
• Alternative biochemistry - Nitrogen/Phosphorus biochemistry
• Alternative biochemistry - Other exotic biochemical elements
• Alternative biochemistry - Non-water solvents
• Alternative biochemistry - Ammonia
• Alternative biochemistry - Other solvents
• Alternative biochemistry - Artificial life
• Alternative biochemistry - In fiction

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Virology is the study of viruses and their properties. Virology is both the study of how a virus can affect a cell, and the biological and biochemical properties of a virus. Biochemically, viruses are very different to other living organisms and there is a great debate as to whether a virus can actually be considered alive. Most viruses consist of nucleic acid inside a protein shell, covered with antigens. Some viruses are more complex, and have a helix structure with 'off shoots', similar to a luna ...

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Metabolism (from μεταβολισμος ("metabolismos"), the Greek word for "change", or "overthrow" (Etymonline)), is the biochemical modification of chemical compounds in living organisms and cells. This includes the biosynthesis of complex organic molecules (anabolism) and their breakdown (catabolism). Metabolism usually consists of sequences of enzymatic steps, also called metabolic pathways. The total metabolism are all biochemical processes of an organism. The cell metabolism includes all chemical processes in a cell. Wi ...

Including:

• Metabolism - Metabolic pathways
• Metabolism - General pathways
• Metabolism - Catabolism
• Metabolism - Anabolism
• Metabolism - Drug metabolism
• Metabolism - Nitrogen metabolism
• Metabolism - Other
• Metabolism - History

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In biology, apoptosis (from the Greek words apo = from and ptosis = falling, commonly pronounced ap-a-tow'-sis[1]) is one of the main types of programmed cell death (PCD). As such, it is a process of deliberate life relinquishment by an unwanted cell in a multicellular organism. In contrast to necrosis, which is a form of cell death that results from acute cellular injury, apoptosis is carried out in an ordered process that generally confers advantages during an organism's life cycle. For ...

Including:

• Apoptosis - Functions of apoptosis
• Apoptosis - Cell damage or infection
• Apoptosis - Response to stress or DNA damage
• Apoptosis - Homeostasis
• Apoptosis - Development
• Apoptosis - Immune cell regulation
• Apoptosis - Apoptotic process
• Apoptosis - Morphology
• Apoptosis - Biochemical signals for safe disposal
• Apoptosis - Intrinsic and extrinsic inducers
• Apoptosis - Biochemical execution
• Apoptosis - Implication and role of apoptosis in diverse pathologies
• Apoptosis - Apoptosis and HIV progression
• Apoptosis - Apoptosis and the role of interferon in tumor suppression
• Apoptosis - Cancer and defective apoptotic pathways
• Apoptosis - Role of apoptotic products in tumor immunity
• Apoptosis - Laboratory assays for apoptosis
• Apoptosis - History and highlights in apoptosis research
• Apoptosis - Early research and the worm people at Cambridge
• Apoptosis - Coining of the term apoptosis
• Apoptosis - 1988
• Apoptosis - 1990s and later
• Apoptosis - Etymology

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Kinesiology is the study of human movement. The theory of kinesiology encompasses the study of the biological components of human movement including the anatomical, physiological, neurological, biochemical, and biomechanical. Also studied is the relationship between the quality of human movement and the overall health of the human organism. Theoretical knowledge of kinesiology is applied in many areas including physical therapy, occupational therapy, chiropractic, osteopathy, exercise physiology,massage therapy and ergon ...

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A cascade is a term for a waterfall, or series of waterfalls, and is applied abstractly to many different concepts involving a series of steps or effects that follow one after the other. A cascade may be: A process: Ablation cascade, a possible catastrophic orbital event Biochemical cascade, a consecutive series of chemical reactions Complement cascade, a biochemical cascade in the immune system MAPK cascade, a process in the action of cancer genes Cascade reac ...

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Androstenedione is a 19-carbon steroid hormone produced in the adrenal glands and the gonads as an intermediate step in the biochemical pathway that produces the androgen testosterone and the estrogens estrone and estradiol. It is the common precursor of male and female sex hormones. Some androstenedione is also secreted into the plasma, and may be converted in peripheral tissues to testosterone and estrogens. Androstenedione originates either from the conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone or from 17-hydroxyprogesterone. It i ...

Including:

• Androstenedione - Androstenedione as a supplement

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Darwin's Black Box : The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution is a 1996 book by Michael J. Behe in which he argues that many biochemical systems are irreducibly complex, and thus not amenable to explanation by Darwinian evolution; he does not rule out evolution as the explanation for other, macroscopic biological phenomena. The book has caused much controversy, as it is considered to be pseudoscience by many in the scientific community, who state that Behe's ideas are not falsifiable, that his definition of an irreducibly co ...

Including:

• Darwin's Black Box - Overview
• Darwin's Black Box - Darwin's Black Box peer review controversy
• Darwin's Black Box - Reference

Read more here: » Darwin's Black Box: Encyclopedia - Darwin's Black Box

Actinism is a property of radiation (particularly solar radiation) that leads to the production of photochemical effects. Actinism is derived from Greek with the meaning a radiant force. The word actinism seems to be used particularly in terms of imaging technology especially photography although it is used in medical literature for photo-biochemical effects such as a sunburn or radiation exposure from ultraviolet rays and in chemistry for containers that protect from photo-degradation. Chemical photography and ...

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An antimetabolite is a chemical with a similar structure to a substance (a metabolite) required for normal biochemical reactions, yet different enough to interfere with the normal functions of cells, including cell division. In the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, they are classified under L01B. Antimetabolites can be used in cancer treatment, as they interfere with DNA production ...

Including:

• Antimetabolite - Folic acid analogues
• Antimetabolite - Purine analogues
• Antimetabolite - Pyrimidine analogues

Read more here: » Antimetabolite: Encyclopedia - Antimetabolite

The Calvin cycle (or Calvin-Benson cycle) is a series of biochemical reactions that takes place in the chloroplasts of photosynthetic organisms. It was discovered by Melvin Calvin and Andrew Benson at the University of California, Berkeley. James Bassham also made important contributions to elucidating this pathway. It is one of the light-independent reactions and occurs in the stroma. During photosynthesis, light energy is used to generate chemical free energy, stored in ATP and NADPH. The light-independent Calvin ("dar ...

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Zymology is the science of fermentation. It deals with the biochemical processes involved in fermentation, with yeast selection and physiology, and with the practical issues of brewing. Zymology is occasionally known as zymurgy. Zymology - Fermentation. Fermentation can be simply defined, in this context, as the conversion of sugar molecules into ethanol and carbon dioxide by yeast. C6H12O6 => 2CO2 + 2C2H5OH ...

Including:

• Zymology - Fermentation
• Zymology - History
• Zymology - Products

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A zymogen is an inactive enzyme precursor. A zymogen requires a biochemical change, such as a hydrolysis reaction revealing the active site, for it to become an active enzyme. Examples of zymogens are trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, pepsinogen, most of the proteins of the coagulation system, some of the proteins of the complement system, the caspases. Other related archivescaspases, chymotrypsinogen, coagulation system, complement system, enzyme, pepsinogen, trypsinogen

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Physiology (in Greek physis = nature and logos = word) is the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms. Physiology has traditionally been divided into plant physiology and animal physiology but the principles of physiology are universal, no matter what particular organism is being studied. For example, what is learned about the physiol ...

Including:

• Physiology - History
• Physiology - Areas of physiology
• Physiology - Human and animal
• Physiology - Plant

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Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) is a neuropeptide created in the arcuate nucleus of the brain that increases appetite and decreases metabolism. It is one of the most potent and long-lasting of appetite stimulators. Understanding the role AgRP plays in weight gain may assist in developing pharmaceutical models for treating obesity. Categories: Biochemicals | Obesity Other related archivesBiochemicals, Obesity, appetite, arcuat

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