Bill Joy

William Nelson Joy (born 1954), commonly known as Bill Joy, co-founded Sun Microsystems in 1982 along with Vinod Khosla, Scott McNealy and Andy Bechtolsheim, and served as chief scientist at the company until 2003. Bill Joy - Early career. After growing up in rural Michigan Joy received his B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Michigan and his M.S. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from UC Berkeley. Bill Joy was the person largely responsible for the authorship of ...

Including:

• Bill Joy - Early career
• Bill Joy - Sun
• Bill Joy - Technology fears
• Bill Joy - Post-Sun activities

Read more here: » Bill Joy: Encyclopedia - Bill Joy

In 1983 he co-founded Sun Microsystems. There is a story about him: DARPA had contracted BBN to add TCP/IP, devised by Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn, into Berkeley UNIX. Joy had been instructed to plug BBN's stack into Berkeley Unix. But Joy refused to do so. In his opinion, BBN's TCP/IP wasn't good enough. So he wrote his own high-performance TCP/IP stack. As John Gage tells it, "BBN had a big contract to implement TCP/IP, but their stuff didn't work, and Joy's grad student stuff worked. So they had this big meeting and this grad s ...

See also:

Bill Joy, Bill Joy - Early career, Bill Joy - Sun, Bill Joy - Technology fears, Bill Joy - Post-Sun activities

Read more here: » Bill Joy: Encyclopedia II - Bill Joy - Sun

Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD, sometimes called Berkeley Unix) is the Unix derivative distributed by the University of California, Berkeley starting in the 1970s. The name is also used collectively for the modern descendants of these distributions. BSD was widely identified with the versions of Unix available for workstation-class systems. This can be attributed to the ease with which it could be licensed and the familiarity it found among the founders of many technology companies during the 1980s. This fami ...

Including:

• Berkeley Software Distribution - History
• Berkeley Software Distribution - PDP-11 beginnings
• Berkeley Software Distribution - VAX versions
• Berkeley Software Distribution - 4.3BSD
• Berkeley Software Distribution - Net/2 and legal troubles
• Berkeley Software Distribution - 4.4BSD and descendants
• Berkeley Software Distribution - Technology
• Berkeley Software Distribution - Open source BSD derivatives
• Berkeley Software Distribution - Structure
• Berkeley Software Distribution - BSD descendants

Read more here: » Berkeley Software Distribution: Encyclopedia - Berkeley Software Distribution

Berkeley Software Distribution - PDP-11 beginnings. The earliest distributions of Unix from Bell Labs in the 1970s included the source code to the operating system, allowing researchers at universities to modify and extend Unix. The first Unix system at Berkeley was a PDP-11 installed in 1974, and the computer science department used it for extensive research thereafter. Other universities became interested in the software at Berkeley, and so in 1977 Bill Joy, then a graduate student at Berkeley, assembled ...

See also:

Berkeley Software Distribution, Berkeley Software Distribution - History, Berkeley Software Distribution - PDP-11 beginnings, Berkeley Software Distribution - VAX versions, Berkeley Software Distribution - 4.3BSD, Berkeley Software Distribution - Net/2 and legal troubles, Berkeley Software Distribution - 4.4BSD and descendants, Berkeley Software Distribution - Technology, Berkeley Software Distribution - Significant BSD descendants

Read more here: » Berkeley Software Distribution: Encyclopedia II - Berkeley Software Distribution - History

Born in Chicago, Illinois, Ted Kaczynski was intellectually gifted as a child and known to be extremely shy and aloof. While an infant, Kaczynski had a severe allergic reaction to medication. He was hospitalized for several weeks and was allowed only infrequent visits from his parents, who were barred from holding their child. The once-happy baby reportedly was never the same. According to his mother, he initially cried incessantly and would plead for her comfort. Afterwards he became increasingly withdrawn and unresponsive to human contact, developing "an institutionalized look." By all accounts Kaczynski's ...

See also:

Theodore Kaczynski, Theodore Kaczynski - Early life and mathematical career, Theodore Kaczynski - Bombings, Theodore Kaczynski - Manifesto, Theodore Kaczynski - Arrest and trial, Theodore Kaczynski - Life in prison

Read more here: » Theodore Kaczynski: Encyclopedia II - Theodore Kaczynski - Early life and mathematical career

Berkeley Software Distribution - PDP-11 beginnings. The earliest distributions of Unix from Bell Labs in the 1970s included the source code to the operating system, allowing researchers at universities to modify and extend Unix. The first Unix system at Berkeley was a PDP-11 installed in 1974, and the computer science department used it for extensive research thereafter. Other universities became interested in the software at Berkeley, and so in 1977 Bill Joy, then a graduate student at Berkeley, assembled ...

See also:

Berkeley Software Distribution, Berkeley Software Distribution - History, Berkeley Software Distribution - PDP-11 beginnings, Berkeley Software Distribution - VAX versions, Berkeley Software Distribution - 4.3BSD, Berkeley Software Distribution - Net/2 and legal troubles, Berkeley Software Distribution - 4.4BSD and descendants, Berkeley Software Distribution - Technology, Berkeley Software Distribution - Open source BSD derivatives, Berkeley Software Distribution - Structure, Berkeley Software Distribution - BSD descendants

Read more here: » Berkeley Software Distribution: Encyclopedia II - Berkeley Software Distribution - History

Born in Chicago, Illinois, Ted Kaczynski was intellectually gifted as a child and known to be extremely shy and aloof. While an infant, Kaczynski had a severe allergic reaction to medication. He was hospitalized for several weeks and was allowed only infrequent visits from his parents, who were barred from holding their child. The once-happy baby reportedly was never the same. According to his mother, he initially cried incessantly and would plead for her comfort. Afterwards he became increasingly withdrawn and unresponsive to human contact, developing "an institutionalized look." By all accounts Kaczynski's parents were warm and l ...

See also:

Theodore Kaczynski, Theodore Kaczynski - Early life, Theodore Kaczynski - Bombings, Theodore Kaczynski - Manifesto, Theodore Kaczynski - Arrest and trial, Theodore Kaczynski - In Prison

Read more here: » Theodore Kaczynski: Encyclopedia II - Theodore Kaczynski - Early life

Collective intelligence, as characterized by Tom Atlee, Douglas Engelbart, Cliff Joslyn, Francis Heylighen, Ron Dembo, and other theorists, is a working form of intelligence which overcomes "groupthink" and individual cognitive bias in order to allow a collective to cooperate on one process—while maintaining reliable intellectual performance. In this context, it refers to robust consensus decision making, and may properly be considered a subfield of sociology. Another CI pioneer, George Pór, author of The Quest for Collectiv ...

Including:

• Collective intelligence - Definition
• Collective intelligence - General concepts
• Collective intelligence - History
• Collective intelligence - Examples of collective intelligence
• Collective intelligence - Mathematical techniques
• Collective intelligence - Opposing views
• Collective intelligence - Recent developments

Read more here: » Collective intelligence: Encyclopedia - Collective intelligence

Wired is a full-color monthly magazine and on-line periodical published in San Francisco, California since March 1993. It reports on how technology affects culture, the economy, and politics. Its editorial stance was originally inspired by the ideas of Canadian media theorist Marshall McLuhan, credited as the magazine's "patron saint" in early colophons. Wired has both been admired and disliked for its strong libertarian principles, its enthusiastic embrace of techno-utopianism, and its sometimes experimental layou ...

Including:

• Wired magazine - History
• Wired magazine - After the dot-com crash

Read more here: » Wired magazine: Encyclopedia - Wired magazine

Hacker is a term used to describe people who create and modify computer software and computer hardware. Hacker has multiple meanings. In some programming communities, the term refers to people skilled in computer programming, administration and security with legitimate goals. The word is also used in a derogatory way in most communities to refer to someone who is relatively unskilled in programming. Most people in the popular media and some in the general population use the word hacker to mean what is called in most programming communities a cracker (from criminal hacker), that is, someone who par ...

Including:

• Hacker - Categories of hacker
• Hacker - Hacker: Computer and network security
• Hacker - Hacker: Highly skilled programmer
• Hacker - Hacker: Hardware modifier
• Hacker - Recognized hackers
• Hacker - Recognized programmers
• Hacker - Security Experts
• Hacker - Hardware modifiers
• Hacker - Hacker media personalities
• Hacker - Related books

Read more here: » Hacker: Encyclopedia - Hacker

A Unix shell, also called "the command line", provides the traditional user interface for the Unix operating system. Users direct the operation of the computer by entering command input as text for a shell to execute. Within the Microsoft Windows suite of operating systems the analogous program is command.com, or cmd.exe for Windows NT-based operating systems. The most generic sense of the term shell means any program that users use to type commands; it is called a "shell" because it hides the details of the under ...

Including:

• Unix shell - Unix shells
• Unix shell - Bourne shell compatible
• Unix shell - C shell compatible
• Unix shell - Other
• Unix shell - Historic

Read more here: » Unix shell: Encyclopedia - Unix shell

Unix or UNIX is a computer operating system originally developed in the 1960s and 1970s by a group of AT&T Bell Labs employees including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and Douglas McIlroy. Today's Unix systems are split into various branches, developed over time by AT&T, several other commercial vendors, as well as several non-profit organizations. Unix was designed to be portable, multi-tasking and multi-user. The Unix systems are characterized by various concepts: plain text files, command line interpreter, hier ...

Including:

• Unix - History
• Unix - 1960s and 1970s
• Unix - 1980s
• Unix - 1990s
• Unix - 2000s
• Unix - Standards
• Unix - List of Unixes
• Unix - Research Unix
• Unix - AT&T UNIX Systems & descendants
• Unix - Free Unix-like operating systems
• Unix - Impact
• Unix - Branding
• Unix - Canonical Unix Commands
• Unix - Sources

Read more here: » Unix: Encyclopedia - Unix

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (U-M, "U of M", or U-Mich) is a public coeducational university in Michigan, United States. The flagship and oldest campus of the University of Michigan is consistently ranked as one of the top academic institutions in the world,^Including:

• University of Michigan - History
• University of Michigan - Academic profile
• University of Michigan - Research and endowment
• University of Michigan - Libraries and museums
• University of Michigan - Campus
• University of Michigan - Central Campus
• University of Michigan - North Campus
• University of Michigan - South Campus
• University of Michigan - Athletics
• University of Michigan - Student life
• University of Michigan - Residential life
• University of Michigan - Groups and activities
• University of Michigan - Student government
• University of Michigan - Michigan fight song
• University of Michigan - Notable people and alumni
• University of Michigan - Notes

Read more here: » University of Michigan: Encyclopedia - University of Michigan

University of California, Berkeley The University of California, Berkeley (also known as California, Cal, UCB, UC Berkeley, The University of California, or simply Berkeley) is a public coeducational university situated east of the San Francisco Bay in Berkeley, California, overlooking the Golden Gate. It is ...

Including:

• University of California Berkeley - History
• University of California Berkeley - Reputation and academics
• University of California Berkeley - Campus architecture and architects
• University of California Berkeley - New construction and developments
• University of California Berkeley - Organization
• University of California Berkeley - Chancellors
• University of California Berkeley - Colleges and schools
• University of California Berkeley - Contributions to computer science
• University of California Berkeley - Sports and traditions
• University of California Berkeley - Distinguished Berkeley people
• University of California Berkeley - Student groups
• University of California Berkeley - DeCal
• University of California Berkeley - Research facilities
• University of California Berkeley - Points of interest

Read more here: » University of California Berkeley: Encyclopedia - University of California Berkeley

vi is a screen-oriented text editor computer program written by Bill Joy in 1976 for an early BSD release. Vi - About vi. The name vi comes from the shortest unambiguous abbreviation for the command visual in ex. The command in question switches the line editor ex to visual mode. Typically, as a matter of convenience, the same program will start up in vi or ex mode, depending on the name with which it is started. "vi" is an initialism; pronounced letter by letter as Including:

• Vi - About vi
• Vi - vi trivia
• Vi - vi derivatives and clones

Read more here: » Vi: Encyclopedia - Vi

A computer is a machine capable of processing data according to a program — a list of instructions. The data to be processed may represent many types of information including numbers, text, pictures, or sound. Computers can be extremely versatile. In fact, they are universal information processing machines. According to the Church-Turing thesis, a computer with a certain minimum threshold capability is in principle capable of performing the tasks of any other computer, from those of a personal digital assistant ...

Including:

• Computer - History of computing
• Computer - How computers work: the stored program architecture
• Computer - Digital circuits
• Computer - I/O devices
• Computer - Programs
• Computer - Computer applications
• Computer - Networking and the Internet
• Computer - Computing professions and disciplines

Read more here: » Computer: Encyclopedia - Computer

Kaczynski is serving a life sentence without the possibility of parole in ADX Florence, the Federal ADX Supermax prison in Florence, Colorado. The University of Michigan's Special Collection Library, The Labadie Collection, is housing Kaczynski's correspondence from over 400 people since his arrest in April 1996, some of his carbon-copied replies as well as some legal documents, publications, and clippings. The collection is expected to grow. The names of mos ...

See also:

Theodore Kaczynski, Theodore Kaczynski - Early life, Theodore Kaczynski - Bombings, Theodore Kaczynski - Manifesto, Theodore Kaczynski - Arrest and trial, Theodore Kaczynski - In Prison

Read more here: » Theodore Kaczynski: Encyclopedia II - Theodore Kaczynski - In Prison

The different open source BSD operating systems are targeted at an array of systems for different purposes and uses. BSD installations are common in government facilities. Though all of the following BSDs have features found in other systems, each has developed a reputation for its focus and suitability for particular areas. DragonFly BSD is the newest of the BSDs and a fork from FreeBSD. Its goals include producing a better SMP system and making the kernel capable of natively supporting SSI clustering for high performance compu ...

See also:

Berkeley Software Distribution, Berkeley Software Distribution - History, Berkeley Software Distribution - PDP-11 beginnings, Berkeley Software Distribution - VAX versions, Berkeley Software Distribution - 4.3BSD, Berkeley Software Distribution - Net/2 and legal troubles, Berkeley Software Distribution - 4.4BSD and descendants, Berkeley Software Distribution - Technology, Berkeley Software Distribution - Open source BSD derivatives, Berkeley Software Distribution - Structure, Berkeley Software Distribution - BSD descendants

Read more here: » Berkeley Software Distribution: Encyclopedia II - Berkeley Software Distribution - Open source BSD derivatives

The first mail bomb was sent in late May 1978 to Prof. Buckley Crist at Northwestern University. The package was found in a parking lot at the University of Illinois at Chicago, with Prof. Crist's return address (and a send to address of Prof. E.J. Smith at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute). The package was sent 'back' to Crist. Suspicious of a package he never sent, Crist notified campus police. A campus police officer by the name of Terry Marker opened the package, an ...

See also:

Theodore Kaczynski, Theodore Kaczynski - Early life, Theodore Kaczynski - Bombings, Theodore Kaczynski - Manifesto, Theodore Kaczynski - Arrest and trial, Theodore Kaczynski - In Prison

Read more here: » Theodore Kaczynski: Encyclopedia II - Theodore Kaczynski - Bombings

In 1995, Kaczynski mailed several letters, some to his former victims, outlining his goals and demanding that his 35,000-word paper Industrial Society and Its Future (commonly called the "Unabomber Manifesto") be printed verbatim by a major newspaper; he stated that he would then end his bombing campaign. There was a great deal of controversy over whether it should be done. A further letter threatening to kill more people was sent, and the Justice department recommended publication out of concern for public safety. Eventually, the pam ...

See also:

Theodore Kaczynski, Theodore Kaczynski - Early life, Theodore Kaczynski - Bombings, Theodore Kaczynski - Manifesto, Theodore Kaczynski - Arrest and trial, Theodore Kaczynski - In Prison

Read more here: » Theodore Kaczynski: Encyclopedia II - Theodore Kaczynski - Manifesto