The adult human liver normally weighs between 1.0 - 2.5 kilograms, and is a soft, pinkish-brown "boomerang shaped" organ. It is the second largest organ (the largest organ being the skin) Its anatomical postion in the body is : immediately under the diaphragm on the right side of the upper abdomen. The liver lies on the right of the stomach and makes a kind of bed for the gallbladder (which stores bile). The liver is supplied by two major blood vessels on its right lobe: the hepatic artery and the portal vein. The hepatic artery ...

See also:

Liver, Liver - Anatomy, Liver - Surface anatomy, Liver - Functional anatomy, Liver - Physiology, Liver - Diseases of the liver, Liver - Liver transplantation, Liver - Development, Liver - Fetal blood supply, Liver - Analogous organs, Liver - Liver as food, Liver - Cultural allusions

Read more here: » Liver: Encyclopedia II - Liver - Anatomy

There are two principal types of dietary fiber: soluble and insoluble. Insoluble fiber is simply bulk that changes little as it passes through the body. Soluble fiber, on the other hand, forms a soft gel in solution with water. Most foods provide a mixture of both, but are listed as mostly one or the other. Soluble fiber has been shown to be able to bind bile salts which may reduce blood cholesterol levels. It also may slow the absorption of glucose from the intestine, the ...

See also:

Dietary fiber, Dietary fiber - Uses, Dietary fiber - Harmful effects, Dietary fiber - Guidelines on fiber intake, Dietary fiber - Sources of fiber, Dietary fiber - Fiber supplements, Dietary fiber - Psyllium husk, Dietary fiber - Methylcellulose, Dietary fiber - Polycarbophil, Dietary fiber - Vegetable gums

Read more here: » Dietary fiber: Encyclopedia II - Dietary fiber - Uses

Torso - Major organs. Most critical organs are housed within the torso. In the upper chest, the heart and lungs are protected by the rib cage, and the abdomen contains the majority of organs responsible for digestion: the stomach, where food is broken down; the pancreas and liver, which respectively produce enzymes and bile necessary for digestion; the kidneys, which filter wastes from blood before excretion as urine; the large and small intestines, which extract nutrients from food; and the anus, from which fecal wastes are excreted. Finally, the pelvic region houses both the mal ...

See also:

Torso, Torso - Anatomy, Torso - Major organs, Torso - Major muscle groups

Read more here: » Torso: Encyclopedia II - Torso - Anatomy

Banovići | Berkovići | Bihać | Bijeljina | Bileća | Bosanska Kostajnica | Bosanska Krupa | Bosanski Brod | Bosanski Petrovac | Bosansko Grahovo | Bratunac | Brod | Bugojno | Busovača | Bužim | Čajniče | Čapljina | Cazin | Čelić | Čelinac | Centar, Sarajevo | Čitluk | Derventa | Donji Žabar | Drvar | Doboj | Doboj Istok | Doboj Jug | Dobretići | Domaljevac-Šamac | Donji Vakuf | Foča | Foča-Ustikolina | Fojnica | Gacko | Glamoč | Goražde | Gornji Vakuf | Gračanica | Gradačac | Gradiška | Grude | ...

See also:

Subdivisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Subdivisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Amendments to the divisions, Subdivisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Overview, Subdivisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina - External link

Read more here: » Subdivisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Encyclopedia II - Subdivisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Overview

Pharmacology - For the gastrointestinal tract or digestive system. Upper digestive tract: antacids, reflux suppressants, antiflatulents, antidopaminergics, proton pump inhibitors, H2-receptor antagonists, cytoprotectants, prostaglandin analogues Lower digestive tract: laxatives, antispasmodics, antidiarrhoeals, bile acid sequestrants, opioids Pharmacology - For the cardiovascular system. General: beta-receptor blocker, calcium channel blockers, diure ...

See also:

Pharmacology, Pharmacology - Scientific background, Pharmacology - Classification, Pharmacology - Types of medication, Pharmacology - For the gastrointestinal tract or digestive system, Pharmacology - For the cardiovascular system, Pharmacology - For the central nervous system, Pharmacology - For pain & consciousness Analgesic drugs, Pharmacology - For musculo-skeletal disorders, Pharmacology - For the eye, Pharmacology - For the ear nose and oropharynx, Pharmacology - For the respiratory system, Pharmacology - For endocrine problems, Pharmacology - For the reproductive system or urinary system, Pharmacology - For contraception, Pharmacology - For obstetrics and gynaecology, Pharmacology - For the skin, Pharmacology - For infections and infestations, Pharmacology - For immunology, Pharmacology - For allergic disorders, Pharmacology - For nutrition, Pharmacology - For neoplastic disorders, Pharmacology - For diagnostics, Pharmacology - For euthanasia, Pharmacology - Other

Read more here: » Pharmacology: Encyclopedia II - Pharmacology - Types of medication

Cholesterol - Synthesis and intake. Cholesterol is primarily synthesized from acetyl CoA through the HMG-CoA reductase pathway in many cells/tissues. About 20–25% of total daily production (~1 g/day) occurs in the liver; other sites of higher synthesis rates include the intestines, adrenal glands and reproductive organs. For a person of about 150 pounds (68 kg), typical total body content is about 35 g, typical daily internal production is about 1 g and typical daily dietary intake is 200 to 300 mg. Of the 1,200 to 1,300 mg input to the intestines (via bile production and food intake), abo ...

See also:

Cholesterol, Cholesterol - History of the name, Cholesterol - Physiology, Cholesterol - Synthesis and intake, Cholesterol - Properties, Cholesterol - Regulation, Cholesterol - Function, Cholesterol - Excretion, Cholesterol - Role in atheromatous disease, Cholesterol - Cholesteric liquid crystals, Cholesterol - Sources

Read more here: » Cholesterol: Encyclopedia II - Cholesterol - Physiology

Carbon monoxide is produced naturally by the body. The breakdown-product of hemoglobin, heme, is a substrate for the enzyme heme oxygenase which produces CO and biliverdin. This is the only reaction in the body which produces CO. The biliverdin is converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase in macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system. The lipid soluble unconjugated bilirubin is transported in the blood bound to albumin, taken up by the hepatocytes, conjugated with glucuronic acid and transported into the bile canaliculi for excretion from the body. The endogenously produced CO may have impor ...

See also:

Carbon monoxide poisoning, Carbon monoxide poisoning - Acute hypoxic injury due to carboxyhemoglobin, Carbon monoxide poisoning - Delayed neurologic damage due to mitochondrial damage, Carbon monoxide poisoning - Particular risk situations, Carbon monoxide poisoning - Physiological role, Carbon monoxide poisoning - Sociological notes, Carbon monoxide poisoning - See Also, Carbon monoxide poisoning - Resources

Read more here: » Carbon monoxide poisoning: Encyclopedia II - Carbon monoxide poisoning - Physiological role

Acute pancreatitis - Most common causes. A common mnemonic for the causes of pancreatitis is: "I GET SMASHED" I - idiopathic G - gallstone. Gallstones that travel down the common bile duct and which subsequently get stuck in the Ampulla of Vater can cause obstruction in the outflow of pancreatic juices from the pancreas into the duodenum. The backflow of these digestive juices causes lysis (dissolving) of pancreatic cells and subsequent pancreatitis. E - ethanol (Alcohol) T ...

See also:

Acute pancreatitis, Acute pancreatitis - Symptoms and signs, Acute pancreatitis - Causes, Acute pancreatitis - Most common causes, Acute pancreatitis - Less common causes, Acute pancreatitis - Causes by demographic, Acute pancreatitis - Pathogenesis, Acute pancreatitis - Investigations, Acute pancreatitis - Amylase and lipase, Acute pancreatitis - CT abdomen, Acute pancreatitis - Balthazar scoring, Acute pancreatitis - Classification by severity, Acute pancreatitis - Progression of pathophysiology, Acute pancreatitis - Prognostic indices, Acute pancreatitis - Treatment, Acute pancreatitis - General measures, Acute pancreatitis - ERCP, Acute pancreatitis - Surgery, Acute pancreatitis - Complications, Acute pancreatitis - Epidemiology, Acute pancreatitis - Reference

Read more here: » Acute pancreatitis: Encyclopedia II - Acute pancreatitis - Causes

FIFA World Cup records - Overall top goalscorers. Ronaldo Teófilo Cubillas Gary Lineker Grzegorz Lato Helmut Rahn Roberto Baggio Eusébio Jairzinho Paolo Rossi Karl-Heinz Rummenigge Uwe Seeler Vavá Christian Vieri Diego Maradona Omar Oscar Míguez Guillermo Stábile Rivaldo Rudi Völler 1 There was a controversy regarding the number of goals scored by th ...

See also:

FIFA World Cup records, FIFA World Cup records - Matches, FIFA World Cup records - Goals, FIFA World Cup records - Fastest goals, FIFA World Cup records - Appearances, FIFA World Cup records - Goalscorers, FIFA World Cup records - Overall top goalscorers, FIFA World Cup records - Coaches, FIFA World Cup records - Others

Read more here: » FIFA World Cup records: Encyclopedia II - FIFA World Cup records - Goalscorers

8 goals Guillermo Stábile (ARG) 5 goals José Pédro Cea (URU) 4 goals Bert Patenaude (USA) 3 goals Juan Pelegrino Anselmo (URU) Ivan Beck (JUG) Carlos Desiderio Peucelle (ARG) João Coelho Neto (Preguinho) (BRA) 2 goals Héctor Castro (URU) Pablo Dorado (URU) Victoriano Santos ...

See also:

Football World Cup 1930, Football World Cup 1930 - First Round, Football World Cup 1930 - Group A, Football World Cup 1930 - Group B, Football World Cup 1930 - Group C, Football World Cup 1930 - Group D, Football World Cup 1930 - Semifinals, Football World Cup 1930 - Final, Football World Cup 1930 - Top Scorers, Football World Cup 1930 - Full Table

Read more here: » Football World Cup 1930: Encyclopedia II - Football World Cup 1930 - Top Scorers

Known Leaders: Dreck Bile Clamor Upstart Famous Quote: "A Hero? Great! That'll be worth 200 points!" Cybernetic "Freaks", the Freakshow are a street gang that build up their bodies with bizarre and garish cybernetic implants. Thrill seekers, the Freakshow often hold contests among themselves for which faction can complete the most complex crimes. A mid-game enemy group. ...

See also:

City of Heroes enemy groups, City of Heroes enemy groups - Arachnos, City of Heroes enemy groups - Banished Pantheon, City of Heroes enemy groups - Carnival of Shadow, City of Heroes enemy groups - Circle of Thorns, City of Heroes enemy groups - Clockwork, City of Heroes enemy groups - The Council, City of Heroes enemy groups - Crey, City of Heroes enemy groups - Devouring Earth, City of Heroes enemy groups - The Family, City of Heroes enemy groups - Freakshow, City of Heroes enemy groups - Hellions, City of Heroes enemy groups - Hydra, City of Heroes enemy groups - The Lost, City of Heroes enemy groups - Malta Group, City of Heroes enemy groups - Nemesis, City of Heroes enemy groups - Outcasts, City of Heroes enemy groups - Rikti, City of Heroes enemy groups - Shivans, City of Heroes enemy groups - Skulls, City of Heroes enemy groups - Sky Raiders, City of Heroes enemy groups - Soldiers of Rularuu, City of Heroes enemy groups - Spectral Pirates, City of Heroes enemy groups - Trolls, City of Heroes enemy groups - Tsoo, City of Heroes enemy groups - Vahzilok, City of Heroes enemy groups - Warriors, City of Heroes enemy groups - 5th Column, City of Heroes enemy groups - Contaminated, City of Heroes enemy groups - Nictus, City of Heroes enemy groups - Praetorians, City of Heroes enemy groups - Shadow Shard Reflections, City of Heroes enemy groups - Spectral Passengers, City of Heroes enemy groups - Void Hunters, City of Heroes enemy groups - Arachnoids, City of Heroes enemy groups - Cage Consortium Guards, City of Heroes enemy groups - Cap au Diable Demons, City of Heroes enemy groups - Coralax Hybrids, City of Heroes enemy groups - Gold Brickers, City of Heroes enemy groups - Legacy Chain, City of Heroes enemy groups - Longbow, City of Heroes enemy groups - Luddites, City of Heroes enemy groups - The Mooks, City of Heroes enemy groups - Rogue Island Police, City of Heroes enemy groups - Scrapyarders, City of Heroes enemy groups - Slag Golems, City of Heroes enemy groups - Snakes, City of Heroes enemy groups - Wailers, City of Heroes enemy groups - Wyvern, City of Heroes enemy groups - Cabal, City of Heroes enemy groups - Fir Bolg, City of Heroes enemy groups - Ghosts, City of Heroes enemy groups - Igneous, City of Heroes enemy groups - Knives of Artemis, City of Heroes enemy groups - Prisoners, City of Heroes enemy groups - Red Cap, City of Heroes enemy groups - Tuatha de Dannon

Read more here: » City of Heroes enemy groups: Encyclopedia II - City of Heroes enemy groups - Freakshow

Bile: A bitter fluid secreted by the liver which flows into the small intestine, which is stored in the gallbladder. It helps to metabolize fat.

(See also: Bile, Ayurveda, Ayurvedic Dictionary, Alternative Health, Body Mind and Soul)

Gall bladder: Muscular organ that serves as a reservoir for bile. It is a pear-shaped membranous sac on the under surface of the right lobe of the liver just below the lower ribs. The function of the gallbladder is to store bile, secreted by the liver. The gallbladder, when functioning normally, empties into the duodenum to aid digestion.

(See also: Gall bladder, Alternative Health, Body Mind and Soul)

Unani (Unani medicine, Unani system of medicine, Unani Tibb): System based on the ancient Greek theory of four basic elements - air, earth, fire, and water - and four bodily fluids (humors) - blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile (choler). The goal of Unani is the balancing of humors. Temperament stems from the dominant humor and is a determinant of diagnosis and treatment. For example, anger and irritability manifest an excess of yellow bile. Unani is the Arabic word for Greek. Hikmat and Tibe-Unani are synonymous with Unani medicine.

(See also: Unani, Body Mind and Soul, Alternative Health, Alternative Health Dictionary)

Spleen: Flattened, oblong organ that removes disease-producing organisms and worn-out red blood cells from the bloodstream. The spleen is situated in the upper left abdominal cavity, in contact with the pancreas, the diaphragm, and the left kidney. The spleen removes iron from the hemoglobin of red blood cells for use in the body. It also removes such waste materials as bile pigments for excretion as bile by the liver. The spleen produces antibodies against various disease organisms and manufactures a variety of blood cells.

(See also: Spleen, Alternative Health, Body Mind and Soul)

Cholesterol: A fatty substance in crystalized form found in all animal fats, oils, milk, egg yolks, bile, blood, brain tissue, liver, kidney and adrenal glands.

(See also: Cholesterol, Ayurveda, Ayurvedic Dictionary, Alternative Health, Body Mind and Soul)

pitta: (Sanskrit) "Bile; fire."

One of the three bodily humors, called doshas, pitta is known as the fire humor. It is the ayurvedic principle of bodily heat-energy. Pitta dosha governs nutritional absorption, body temperature and intelligence.

See: ayurveda, dosha.

(See also: Pitta, Hinduism, Body Mind and Soul)

Humors In medieval European medical thought, a fluid or juice, applied especially the four fluids -- blood, phlegm, choler (yellow bile), and melancholy (black bile) -- which were thought to determine a person's health and temperament. This theory derived from classical sources.

"These vital spirits and humors corresponded, however imperfectly, to the pranic fluids of ancient Hindu teaching -- considered to be both ethereal essences and physical humors. From early mediaeval times up to the recent present, medicine consistently taught that normal physical health in the human body was maintained when these vital spirits and humors were operating in equilibrium, and that disease and even death were products of their malfunctioning. The archaic ages were unanimous in their agreement on these points" (FSO 556).

(See also: Humors, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Humors In medieval European medical thought, a fluid or juice, applied especially the four fluids -- blood, phlegm, choler (yellow bile), and melancholy (black bile) -- which were thought to determine a person's health and temperament. This theory derived from classical sources.

"These vital spirits and humors corresponded, however imperfectly, to the pranic fluids of ancient Hindu teaching -- considered to be both ethereal essences and physical humors. From early mediaeval times up to the recent present, medicine consistently taught that normal physical health in the human body was maintained when these vital spirits and humors were operating in equilibrium, and that disease and even death were products of their malfunctioning. The archaic ages were unanimous in their agreement on these points" (FSO 556).

(See also: Human Soul, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Kala (Sanskrit) A small part of anything, especially a 16th part; also a cycle, variously given as 1/900 part of a day -- 1.6 minutes; 1/1800 -- 0.8 minutes; etc. Used for the seven substrata of the elements or dhatus of the human body (flesh, blood, fat, phlegm, urine, bile, semen) there being 3015 kalas or atoms in every one of the six dhatus.

Also any practical mechanical or fine art, 64 being enumerated.

(See also: Kala, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Paracelsus

(1493-1541) The nom de plume of the German physician and alchemist Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim, who was born in Einsieden, Switzerland.

Paracelsus was a medical reformer who introduced a new concept of disease and the use of chemical medicines. He studied at several Italian universities and began to practice medicine and surgery in the 1520s. A difficult personality, he created controversy because of his wholesale condemnation of traditional science and medicine. He never obtained a secure academic position or permanent employment. Paracelsus's new concept of disease emphasized its causes to be external agents that attack the body, contrary to the traditional idea of disease as an internal upset of the balance of the body's humors (yellow bile, black bile, blood and phlegm).

Therapy, according to Paracelsus, was to be directed against these agents of disease, and for this he advocated the use of chemicals rather than herbs. Alchemy became the means of preparing such chemicals; in this way Paracelsus changed the emphasis of the alchemical art from chasing the elusive Elixir of Life or Philosopher's Stone, to making medicines.

In his " Biographia Antiqua ", Francis Barrett appends to the name of Paracelsus the following titles of distinction: "The Prince of Physicians and Philosophers by Fire; Grand Paradoxical Physician; The Trismegistus of Switzerland; First Reformer of Chymical Philosophy; Adept in Alchymy, Cabala, and Magic; Nature's Faithful Secretary; Master of the Elixir of Life and The Philosopher's Stone," and the "Great Monarch of Chymical Secrets. "

(See also: Paracelsus, New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

Paracelsus

(1493-1541) The nom de plume of the German physician and alchemist Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim, who was born in Einsieden, Switzerland.

Paracelsus was a medical reformer who introduced a new concept of disease and the use of chemical medicines. He studied at several Italian universities and began to practice medicine and surgery in the 1520s. A difficult personality, he created controversy because of his wholesale condemnation of traditional science and medicine. He never obtained a secure academic position or permanent employment. Paracelsus's new concept of disease emphasized its causes to be external agents that attack the body, contrary to the traditional idea of disease as an internal upset of the balance of the body's humors (yellow bile, black bile, blood and phlegm).

Therapy, according to Paracelsus, was to be directed against these agents of disease, and for this he advocated the use of chemicals rather than herbs. Alchemy became the means of preparing such chemicals; in this way Paracelsus changed the emphasis of the alchemical art from chasing the elusive Elixir of Life or Philosopher's Stone, to making medicines.

In his " Biographia Antiqua ", Francis Barrett appends to the name of Paracelsus the following titles of distinction: "The Prince of Physicians and Philosophers by Fire; Grand Paradoxical Physician; The Trismegistus of Switzerland; First Reformer of Chymical Philosophy; Adept in Alchymy, Cabala, and Magic; Nature's Faithful Secretary; Master of the Elixir of Life and The Philosopher's Stone," and the "Great Monarch of Chymical Secrets. "

(See also: Paracelsus, New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)