In 1961, he became the leader of the ANC's armed wing Umkhonto we Sizwe (translated as Spear of the Nation, also abbreviated MK), which he co-founded. He co-ordinated a sabotage campaign against military and government targets, and made plans for a possible guerrilla war if sabotage failed to end apartheid. A few decades later, MK did indeed wage a guerrilla war against the regime, especially during the 1980s. Mandela also raised funds for MK abroad, and arranged for pa ...

See also:

Nelson Mandela, Nelson Mandela - Early life, Nelson Mandela - Political activity, Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment, Nelson Mandela - ANC presidency and presidency of South Africa, Nelson Mandela - International diplomacy, Nelson Mandela - Marriages, Nelson Mandela - Retirement, Nelson Mandela - Orders and decorations, Nelson Mandela - Trivia, Nelson Mandela - Quotes

Read more here: » Nelson Mandela: Encyclopedia II - Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment

South Africa's first democratic elections were held on April 27, 1994. The ANC won the majority in the election, and Mandela, as leader of the ANC, was inaugurated as the country's first black State President, with the National party's FW de Klerk as his deputy president in the Government of National Unity. As President, (May 1994 – June 1999), Mandela presided over the transition from minority rule and apartheid, winning international respect for his advocacy of national and international reconciliation. However, his adminstration attracted some criticism, particularly w ...

See also:

Nelson Mandela, Nelson Mandela - Early life, Nelson Mandela - Political activity, Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment, Nelson Mandela - ANC presidency and presidency of South Africa, Nelson Mandela - International diplomacy, Nelson Mandela - Marriages, Nelson Mandela - Retirement, Nelson Mandela - Orders and decorations, Nelson Mandela - Trivia, Nelson Mandela - Quotes

Read more here: » Nelson Mandela: Encyclopedia II - Nelson Mandela - ANC presidency and presidency of South Africa

President Mandela took a particular interest in helping to resolve the long-running dispute between Libya on the one hand, and the United States and Britain on the other, over bringing to trial the two Libyans who were accused of sabotaging Pan Am Flight 103 on December 21, 1988 with the loss of 270 lives. In November 1994, Mandela offered South Africa as a neutral venue for the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial but the offer was rejected by British Prime Minister John Major. A further three years elapsed until Mandela's offer was repeated to ...

See also:

Nelson Mandela, Nelson Mandela - Early life, Nelson Mandela - Political activity, Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment, Nelson Mandela - ANC presidency and presidency of South Africa, Nelson Mandela - International diplomacy, Nelson Mandela - Marriages, Nelson Mandela - Retirement, Nelson Mandela - Orders and decorations, Nelson Mandela - Trivia, Nelson Mandela - Quotes

Read more here: » Nelson Mandela: Encyclopedia II - Nelson Mandela - International diplomacy

Mandela has been married three times. His first marriage was to Evelyn Ntoko Mase who, like Mandela, was also from what later became the Transkei area of South Africa; although they actually met in Johannesburg. The couple had three children, but they broke up in 1957 after 13 years, divorcing under the multiple strains of his constant absences, devotion to revolutionary agitation, and her reliance on the Jehovah's Witnesses movement, which mainta ...

See also:

Nelson Mandela, Nelson Mandela - Early life, Nelson Mandela - Political activity, Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment, Nelson Mandela - ANC presidency and presidency of South Africa, Nelson Mandela - International diplomacy, Nelson Mandela - Marriages, Nelson Mandela - Retirement, Nelson Mandela - Orders and decorations, Nelson Mandela - Trivia, Nelson Mandela - Quotes

Read more here: » Nelson Mandela: Encyclopedia II - Nelson Mandela - Marriages

After his retirement as President in 1999, Mandela went on to become an advocate for a variety of social and human rights organisations. He received many foreign honours, including the Order of St. John from Queen Elizabeth II and the Presidential Medal of Freedom from George W. Bush. As an example of his popular acclaim, in his tour of Canada in 1998, he included a speaking engagement in SkyDome in the city of Toronto where he spoke to 45,000 school children who greeted him with intense adulation. In 2001, he was the first living for ...

See also:

Nelson Mandela, Nelson Mandela - Early life, Nelson Mandela - Political activity, Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment, Nelson Mandela - ANC presidency and presidency of South Africa, Nelson Mandela - International diplomacy, Nelson Mandela - Marriages, Nelson Mandela - Retirement, Nelson Mandela - Orders and decorations, Nelson Mandela - Trivia, Nelson Mandela - Quotes

Read more here: » Nelson Mandela: Encyclopedia II - Nelson Mandela - Retirement

Title - In Current Use. Advocate Bailiff Barrister Judge and Admiralty Judge Justice (from which come Chief Justice and Justice of the Peace) Magistrate and Promagistrate Mufti and Grand Mufti Queen's Counsel Solicitor Title - Historical. Lictor ReeveSee also:

Title, Title - Supernatural Titles, Title - Hypothetical Titles, Title - Titles for Heads of State, Title - Current, Title - Historical Titles for Heads of State, Title - Fictional Titles for Heads of State, Title - Honorary Titles Granted by Heads of State, Title - Current, Title - Historical, Title - Fictional, Title - Executive Branch of Government and Other Sub-National Rulers, Title - Currently in Use, Title - Historical, Title - Fictional, Title - Judicial Titles, Title - In Current Use, Title - Historical, Title - Legislative Titles, Title - In Current Use, Title - Historical, Title - Honorary Titles Granted From an Institution, Title - Honorary Titles Granted By One's Peers, Title - Honorary Titles Bestowed by Followers, Title - Sources

Read more here: » Title: Encyclopedia II - Title - Judicial Titles

Mandela was born to the Thembu Xhosa family in the small village of Mvezo in the Umtata district, capital of the Transkei. Mandela's father, Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa, was a counsel to the Thembu king (a position he was groomed for from his birth and which Mandela was also destined to inherit). Mandela's father was instrumental in the ascension to the Thembu throne of Jongintaba Dalindyebo, who would later return this favor by informally adopting Mandela upon Gadla's death. In total, Mandela's father had four wives, with whom he sired a total ...

See also:

Nelson Mandela, Nelson Mandela - Early life, Nelson Mandela - Political activity, Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment, Nelson Mandela - ANC presidency and presidency of South Africa, Nelson Mandela - International diplomacy, Nelson Mandela - Marriages, Nelson Mandela - Retirement, Nelson Mandela - Orders and decorations, Nelson Mandela - Trivia

Read more here: » Nelson Mandela: Encyclopedia II - Nelson Mandela - Early life

As a young student, Mandela became involved in political opposition to the white minority government's denial of political, social, and economic rights to South Africa's black majority. Joining the African National Congress in 1942, he joined its more dynamic Youth League founded by Anton Lembede, two years later, together with Walter Sisulu, Oliver Tambo and others. After the 1948 election victory of the Afrikaner-dominated National Party with its apartheid policy of racial segregation, Mandela was prominent in the ANC's 1952 Defianc ...

See also:

Nelson Mandela, Nelson Mandela - Early life, Nelson Mandela - Political activity, Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment, Nelson Mandela - ANC presidency and presidency of South Africa, Nelson Mandela - International diplomacy, Nelson Mandela - Marriages, Nelson Mandela - Retirement, Nelson Mandela - Orders and decorations, Nelson Mandela - Trivia

Read more here: » Nelson Mandela: Encyclopedia II - Nelson Mandela - Political activity

In 1961, he became the leader of the ANC's armed wing Umkhonto we Sizwe (translated as Spear of the Nation, also abbreviated MK), which he co-founded. He co-ordinated a sabotage campaign against military and government targets, and made plans for a possible guerrilla war if sabotage failed to end apartheid. A few decades later, MK did indeed wage a guerrilla war against the regime, especially during the 1980s. Mandela also raised funds for MK abroad, and arranged for pa ...

See also:

Nelson Mandela, Nelson Mandela - Early life, Nelson Mandela - Political activity, Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment, Nelson Mandela - ANC presidency and presidency of South Africa, Nelson Mandela - International diplomacy, Nelson Mandela - Marriages, Nelson Mandela - Retirement, Nelson Mandela - Orders and decorations, Nelson Mandela - Trivia

Read more here: » Nelson Mandela: Encyclopedia II - Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment

South Africa's first democratic elections in which full enfranchisement was granted were held on April 27, 1994. The ANC won the majority in the election, and Mandela, as leader of the ANC, was inaugurated as the country's first black State President, with the National party's FW de Klerk as his deputy president in the Government of National Unity. As President, (May 1994 – June 1999), Mandela presided over the transition from minority rule and apartheid, winning inte ...

See also:

Nelson Mandela, Nelson Mandela - Early life, Nelson Mandela - Political activity, Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment, Nelson Mandela - ANC presidency and presidency of South Africa, Nelson Mandela - International diplomacy, Nelson Mandela - Marriages, Nelson Mandela - Retirement, Nelson Mandela - Orders and decorations, Nelson Mandela - Trivia

Read more here: » Nelson Mandela: Encyclopedia II - Nelson Mandela - ANC presidency and presidency of South Africa

President Mandela took a particular interest in helping to resolve the long-running dispute between Libya on the one hand, and the United States and Britain on the other, over bringing to trial the two Libyans who were accused of sabotaging Pan Am Flight 103 on December 21, 1988 with the loss of 270 lives. In November 1994, Mandela offered South Africa as a neutral venue for the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial but the offer was rejected by British Prime Minister John Major. A further three years elapsed until Mandela's offer was repeated to ...

See also:

Nelson Mandela, Nelson Mandela - Early life, Nelson Mandela - Political activity, Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment, Nelson Mandela - ANC presidency and presidency of South Africa, Nelson Mandela - International diplomacy, Nelson Mandela - Marriages, Nelson Mandela - Retirement, Nelson Mandela - Orders and decorations, Nelson Mandela - Trivia

Read more here: » Nelson Mandela: Encyclopedia II - Nelson Mandela - International diplomacy

Mandela has been married three times. His first marriage was to Evelyn Ntoko Mase who, like Mandela, was also from what later became the Transkei area of South Africa; although they actually met in Johannesburg. The couple had three children, educated at the Waterford Kamhlaba but they broke up in 1957 after 13 years, divorcing under the multiple strains of his constant absences, devotion to revolutionary agitation, and her reliance on the Jehovah's Witnesses movement, which mainta ...

See also:

Nelson Mandela, Nelson Mandela - Early life, Nelson Mandela - Political activity, Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment, Nelson Mandela - ANC presidency and presidency of South Africa, Nelson Mandela - International diplomacy, Nelson Mandela - Marriages, Nelson Mandela - Retirement, Nelson Mandela - Orders and decorations, Nelson Mandela - Trivia

Read more here: » Nelson Mandela: Encyclopedia II - Nelson Mandela - Marriages

After his retirement as President in 1999, Mandela went on to become an advocate for a variety of social and human rights organisations. He received many foreign honours, including the Order of St. John from Queen Elizabeth II and the Presidential Medal of Freedom from George W. Bush. As an example of his popular acclaim, in his tour of Canada in 1998, he included a speaking engagement in SkyDome in the city of Toronto where he spoke to 45,000 school children who greeted him with intense adulation. In 2001, he was the first living for ...

See also:

Nelson Mandela, Nelson Mandela - Early life, Nelson Mandela - Political activity, Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment, Nelson Mandela - ANC presidency and presidency of South Africa, Nelson Mandela - International diplomacy, Nelson Mandela - Marriages, Nelson Mandela - Retirement, Nelson Mandela - Orders and decorations, Nelson Mandela - Trivia

Read more here: » Nelson Mandela: Encyclopedia II - Nelson Mandela - Retirement

Queen and Paul Rodgers performed a song titled 'Say It's Not True' in their concert Return Of The Champions, which was written for Nelson Mandela. Mandela is known for his fondness of Batik textiles. He is often seen wearing Batik, even on formal occasions. Shirts in this style are fondly known as "Madiba shirts" in South Africa. In 2003, Mandela's death was incorrectly announced by CNN when his pre-written obituary (along with those of several other famous figures) was inadvertently published on CNN's web si ...

See also:

Nelson Mandela, Nelson Mandela - Early life, Nelson Mandela - Political activity, Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment, Nelson Mandela - ANC presidency and presidency of South Africa, Nelson Mandela - International diplomacy, Nelson Mandela - Marriages, Nelson Mandela - Retirement, Nelson Mandela - Orders and decorations, Nelson Mandela - Trivia

Read more here: » Nelson Mandela: Encyclopedia II - Nelson Mandela - Trivia

Paschal Troparion, Tone V: Christ is risen from the dead, trampling down death by death, and upon those in the tombs bestowing life. Troparion of the Holy Cross, Tone I: O Lord, save your people, and bless your inheritance! Grant victory to the Orthodox Christians over their adversaries, and by virtue of your cro ...

See also:

Troparion, Troparion - History, Troparion - Famous troparia, Troparion - Reference

Read more here: » Troparion: Encyclopedia II - Troparion - Famous troparia

Kyūjitai: 鐵→Shinjitai: 鉄 (TETSU; iron) 與→与 (On: YO, Kun: ataeru; bestow, impart) 學→学 (GAKU, manabu; learn) 體→体 (TAI, karada; body) 臺→台 (TAI; [n.] stand) 國→国 (KOKU, kuni; country) 關→関 (KAN, seki; involve, concerning) 寫→写 (SHA, utsusu; to write or compose) 廣→広 (KŌ; expansive, wide) 圓→円 ( ...

See also:

Shinjitai, Shinjitai - Examples

Read more here: » Shinjitai: Encyclopedia II - Shinjitai - Examples

Loras’ athletic teams are known as the Duhawks, a name bestowed upon the football team by a Detroit Free Press scribe in 1924. The school fields 19 men’s and women’s varsity teams in the NCAA Division III. They are a member of the Iowa Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC). Loras’ colors are Royal Purple and Gold, colors exemplified by the home football uniform of purple jerseys, gold pants and gold helmets with purple face masks.
See also:

Loras College, Loras College - History, Loras College - Athletics, Loras College - Expansion, Loras College - Graduates

Read more here: » Loras College: Encyclopedia II - Loras College - Athletics

On July 22, 1816 Sophia's brother, Prince William, Duke of Gloucester married their cousin, The Princess Mary, a daughter of King George III. On their wedding day, the Prince Regent bestowed the style of His Royal Highness on Prince William of Gloucester. The next day Sophia was also bestowed with the style Her Royal Highness to give her equal rank with her brother. From then on she was styled Her Royal Highness Princess Sophia of Gloucester. Sophia died on November 29, 1844 and is buried in ...

See also:

Princess Sophia of Gloucester, Princess Sophia of Gloucester - Early Life, Princess Sophia of Gloucester - Royal Highness

Read more here: » Princess Sophia of Gloucester: Encyclopedia II - Princess Sophia of Gloucester - Royal Highness

Coming of age - Buddhism. Coming of age - Christianity. Confirmation In some Christian traditions, generally Catholic and Anglican, Confirmation is the ritual by which a young person becomes an official member of the Church. This sometimes includes the bestowal of a 'Confirmation name,' generally the name of a saint, which is often worn as a second middle name. Confirmation also bestows the Holy Spirit upon the confirmand, and in some churches is recieve ...

See also:

Coming of age, Coming of age - Religious coming of age, Coming of age - Buddhism, Coming of age - Christianity, Coming of age - Greek polytheism, Coming of age - Hinduism, Coming of age - Judaism, Coming of age - Islam, Coming of age - Cultural rituals exclusive to Nations, Coming of age - Australia NZ etc., Coming of age - Hispanic, Coming of age - Japan, Coming of age - Papua New Guinea, Coming of age - Samoa, Coming of age - United Kingdom, Coming of age - Pygmies, Coming of age - Korea, Coming of age - Professional initiatory rituals, Coming of age - Academic Initiations, Coming of age - Printing industry, Coming of age - Films, Coming of age - Webcomics

Read more here: » Coming of age: Encyclopedia II - Coming of age - Religious coming of age

Matthew Dowdy Shiell, a banker form Montserrat bought the island when his first son, Matthew Phipps Shiell, was born. He asked the title of King of the Island from the Queen Victoria of England and she granted it to him as long as there was no revolt against colonial power. M.P. Shiell bestowed the title, and the rights of his work, to John Gawsworth, who seems to have sold the title several times due to permanent bankruptcy. Gawsworth bestowed the title, and the rights of his and Shiell's work, to Jon Wynne-Tyson. Tired of the proble ...

See also:

Kingdom of Redonda, Kingdom of Redonda - History or Story of the Kingdom, Kingdom of Redonda - Javier Marías, Kingdom of Redonda - Officially recognized kings, Kingdom of Redonda - Contested kings, Kingdom of Redonda - Scenario 1 Literary, Kingdom of Redonda - Scenario 2, Kingdom of Redonda - Scenario 3, Kingdom of Redonda - Scenario 4, Kingdom of Redonda - Notes, Kingdom of Redonda - Reference, Kingdom of Redonda - External link

Read more here: » Kingdom of Redonda: Encyclopedia II - Kingdom of Redonda - History or Story of the Kingdom

The sultan of Turkey and (by delegation) the khedive of Egypt had the right to bestow the title of Pasha. The title appears, originally, to have applied exclusively to military commanders, but subsequently it could distinguish any high official, and also unofficial persons whom their superiors desired to honour. Pashas ranked above beys, but below khedives and viziers. Pashas governed territories called pashaluks or eyalets. The word pasbalik designates a ...

See also:

Pasha, Pasha - Role in Ottoman political system, Pasha - Honorific, Pasha - Etymology, Pasha - List of Notable pashas

Read more here: » Pasha: Encyclopedia II - Pasha - Role in Ottoman political system

Bonaventura's character seems not unworthy of the eulogistic title, "Doctor Seraphicus," bestowed on him by his contemporaries, and of the place assigned to him by Dante in his Paradiso. He was formally canonized in 1482 by Sixtus IV, and ranked as sixth among the great doctors of the church by Sixtus V in 1587. His works, as arranged in the Lyons edition (i vols., folio), consist of expositions and sermons, filling the first three volumes; of a commentary on the Sentences of Lombardus, in two volumes, celebrated among medieval theologians a ...

See also:

Bonaventure, Bonaventure - Early life, Bonaventure - Philosophy & Works, Bonaventure - Namesakes

Read more here: » Bonaventure: Encyclopedia II - Bonaventure - Philosophy & Works