The Battle of the Allia was a battle of the first Gallic invasion of Italy. The battle was fought near the Allia river, and the defeat of the Roman army opened the route for the Gauls to sack Rome. It was fought in 390/387 BC Battle of the Allia - Background. Prior to the battle, the Gauls invaded the Etruscan province of Siena and attacked the town of Clusium. The Clusians, overwhelmed by the size of the enemy in numbers and ferocity, called on Rome for help, though they were not allies or friends. Rome, w ...

Including:

• Battle of the Allia - Background
• Battle of the Allia - Roman Disaster
• Battle of the Allia - Recovery and Reform

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According to the common (but incorrect) Varronian chronology, the battle took place on July 18, 390 BC, but a more plausible date is 387. About 40,000 Romans under Quintus Sulpicius fought against the Senones, a Gallic tribe who were about equal in number, under Brennus. The Romans, with six legions, took post on the Allia to check the advance of the Senones on Rome. Here they were attacked by Brennus, who routed the right wing, where the younger soldiers were posted, then broke the Roman center ...

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Battle of the Allia, Battle of the Allia - Background, Battle of the Allia - Roman Disaster, Battle of the Allia - Recovery and Reform

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Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 440s BC 430s BC 420s BC 410s BC 400s BC - 390s BC - 380s BC 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 395 BC 394 BC 393 BC 392 BC 391 BC - 390 BC - 389 BC 388 BC 387 BC 386 BC 385 BC 390 BC - Events. Spartan mora (regiment) is defeated by Athenians (led by Iphicrates) at Lechaeum July 18 - Battle of the Allia: Gauls, under Brennus, defeat the Roman army. This leads to the capture and sack of ...

Including:

• 390 BC - Events
• 390 BC - Births
• 390 BC - Deaths

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The term Celts (pronounced "kelts" or "selts")[1] refers to any of a number of ancient peoples in Europe using the Celtic languages, which form a branch of Indo-European languages, as well as others whose language is unknown but where associated cultural traits such as Celtic art are found in archaeological evidence. Historical theories were developed that these factors were indicat ...

Including:

• Celt - Development of the term Celt
• Celt - Population genetics
• Celt - Origins and geographical distribution
• Celt - Celts in Ireland and Britain
• Celt - Roman influence
• Celt - Examples of Romanization
• Celt - Celtic Christianity
• Celt - Celts pushed west by Germanic migration
• Celt - Celtic social system and arts
• Celt - Celtic Religous Patterns
• Celt - Celts as head-hunters
• Celt - Names for Celts
• Celt - The name Gauls
• Celt - The word Welsh
• Celt - The name Celts
• Celt - Endnotes

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(2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) 4th century BC - Overview. 4th century BC - Events. Invasion of the Celts into Ireland Battle of the Allia and subsequent Gaulish sack of Rome 383 BCE Second Buddhist Councel at Vesali. 100 years after the Parimirvana. 312 BCE Seleucus I Nicator established himself in Babylon. Begins the Seleucid Empire. 323 BCE Alexander the Great conqueres the Persian ...

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• 4th century BC - Overview
• 4th century BC - Events
• 4th century BC - Significant persons
• 4th century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions
• 4th century BC - Decades and years

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The forced suicide of emperor Nero, in AD 68, was followed by a brief period of civil war (the first Roman civil war since Antony's death in 30 BC) known as the year of the four emperors. Between June of 68 and December of AD 69, Rome witnessed the successive rise and fall of Galba, Otho and Vitellius until the final accession of Vespasian, first ruler of the Flavian dynasty. This period of civil war has become emblematic of the cyclic political disturbances in the history of the Roman Empire. The military and political anarchy create ...

Including:

• Year of the Four Emperors - Succession
• Year of the Four Emperors - Nero to Galba
• Year of the Four Emperors - Galba to Otho
• Year of the Four Emperors - Otho to Vitellius
• Year of the Four Emperors - Vitellius to Vespasian
• Year of the Four Emperors - Aftermath
• Year of the Four Emperors - Chronology
• Year of the Four Emperors - AD 68
• Year of the Four Emperors - AD 69

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Year of the Four Emperors - Nero to Galba. The last years of Nero's reign were characterized by a climate of fear and terror. The city and Senate were overwhelmed by the emperor's power and suffered dearly from his paranoia. In April 68, the senator Caius Julius Vindex, governor of Gallia Lugdunensis and an Aquitanian romanised prince, decided on a rebellion, with the purpose of substituting Servius Sulpicius Galba, governor of Hispania Tarraconensis for Nero. Galb ...

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Year of the Four Emperors, Year of the Four Emperors - Succession, Year of the Four Emperors - Nero to Galba, Year of the Four Emperors - Galba to Otho, Year of the Four Emperors - Otho to Vitellius, Year of the Four Emperors - Vitellius to Vespasian, Year of the Four Emperors - Aftermath, Year of the Four Emperors - Chronology, Year of the Four Emperors - AD 68, Year of the Four Emperors - AD 69

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In an effort to win the crown of Britain, Brennius and Balinus waged war between each other to determine who should succeed their father. Many battles were fought between the two brothers until a time came when their friends intervened and a compromise was decided upon. Belinus became the King of the Britons with Brennius as King of Northumberland. Five years later, Brennius wed the daughter of the King of Norway without consulting Belinus. Belinus invaded Northumberland and seized Brennius's land. Brennius heard of this violation and ...

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Brennius, Brennius - Claimant to the throne of Britain, Brennius - Duke of the Allobroges, Brennius - Conqueror of Rome, Brennius - Comments on historicity

Read more here: » Brennius: Encyclopedia II - Brennius - Claimant to the throne of Britain

In an effort to win the crown of Britain, Brennius and Balinus waged war between each other to determine who should succeed their father. Many battles were fought between the two brothers until a time came when their friends intervened and a compromise was decided upon. Belinus became the King of the Britons with Brennius as king of the north. Five years later, Brennius wed the daughter of the King of Norway without consulting Belinus. Belinus invaded Northumberland and seized Brennius's land. The King of Denmark with Brennius's new w ...

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Belinus, Belinus - Earning the crown, Belinus - Invader of Gaul Italy and Germany, Belinus - Later years, Belinus - Comments on historicity

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The first literary reference to the Celtic people, as keltoi or hidden people, is by the Greek historian Hecataeus in 517 BC. According to Greek mythology, Celtus was the son of Heracles and Celtine, the daughter of Bretannus. Celtus became the primogenitor of Celts (Ref.: Parth. 30.1-2)[2]. In Latin Celta, in turn from Herodotus' word for the Gauls, Keltoi. The Romans used Celtae to refer to ...

See also:

Celt, Celt - Development of the term Celt, Celt - Population genetics, Celt - Origins and geographical distribution, Celt - Celts in Ireland and Britain, Celt - Roman influence, Celt - Examples of Romanization, Celt - Celtic Christianity, Celt - Celts pushed west by Germanic migration, Celt - Celtic social system and arts, Celt - Celtic Religous Patterns, Celt - Celts as head-hunters, Celt - Names for Celts, Celt - The name Gauls, Celt - The word Welsh, Celt - The name Celts, Celt - Endnotes

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The first literary reference to the Celtic people, as keltoi or hidden people, is by the Greek historian Hecataeus in 517 BC. He locates the Keltoi tribe in Rhenania (West/Southwest Germany). According to Greek mythology, Celtus was the son of Heracles and Celtine, the daughter of Bretannus. Celtus became the primogenitor of Celts [2]. In Latin Celta, in turn from Herodotus' word for the Gauls, Keltoi. The Romans used Celtae to refer to continent ...

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Celt, Celt - Development of the term Celt, Celt - Population genetics, Celt - Origins and geographical distribution, Celt - Celts in Ireland and Britain, Celt - Roman influence, Celt - Examples of Romanization, Celt - Celtic Christianity, Celt - Celts pushed west by Germanic migration, Celt - Celtic social system and arts, Celt - Celtic Religious Patterns, Celt - Celts as head-hunters, Celt - Names for Celts, Celt - The name Gauls, Celt - The word Welsh, Celt - The name Celts, Celt - Bibliography

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The Celtic language family is a branch of the larger Indo-European family, which leads some scholars to a hypothesis that the original speakers of the Celtic proto-language may have arisen in the Pontic-Caspian steppes (see Kurgan). However, as the Celts enter history from around 600 BC, they are already split into several languages groups, and spread over much of Central Europe, the Iberian peninsula, Ireland and Britain, and studies now suggest that some of the Celtic peoples - including the ancestors of all the modern Celtic nations - had ...

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Celt, Celt - Development of the term Celt, Celt - Population genetics, Celt - Origins and geographical distribution, Celt - Celts in Ireland and Britain, Celt - Roman influence, Celt - Examples of Romanization, Celt - Celtic Christianity, Celt - Celts pushed west by Germanic migration, Celt - Celtic social system and arts, Celt - Celtic Religious Patterns, Celt - Celts as head-hunters, Celt - Names for Celts, Celt - The name Gauls, Celt - The word Welsh, Celt - The name Celts, Celt - Bibliography

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The indigenous populations of Britain and Ireland today are primarily descended from the ancient peoples that have always inhabited these lands. As to their culture, little is known but remnants remain primarily in the naming of certain geographical features, such as the rivers Clyde, Tamar, Thames and Tyne. By the Roman period most of the inhabitants of the isles of Ireland and Great Britain (the ancient Britons) were speaking Goidelic or Brythonic languages, close counterparts to Gaulish languages spoken on the European mainland. Hi ...

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Celt, Celt - Development of the term Celt, Celt - Population genetics, Celt - Origins and geographical distribution, Celt - Celts in Ireland and Britain, Celt - Roman influence, Celt - Examples of Romanization, Celt - Celtic Christianity, Celt - Celts pushed west by Germanic migration, Celt - Celtic social system and arts, Celt - Celtic Religious Patterns, Celt - Celts as head-hunters, Celt - Names for Celts, Celt - The name Gauls, Celt - The word Welsh, Celt - The name Celts, Celt - Bibliography

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Celts were pushed westwards by successive waves of Germanic invaders, perhaps themselves at times pressured by Huns and Scythians or simply population pressures in their homeland of Scandinavia and Northern Germany. With the fall of the Roman Empire the Celts of Gaul, Iberia and Britannia were "conquered" by tribes speaking Germanic languages. Elsewhere, the Celtic populations were assimilated by others, leaving behind them only a legend and a number of place names such as Bohemia, after the Boii tribe which once lived there, or the K ...

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Celt, Celt - Development of the term Celt, Celt - Population genetics, Celt - Origins and geographical distribution, Celt - Celts in Ireland and Britain, Celt - Roman influence, Celt - Examples of Romanization, Celt - Celtic Christianity, Celt - Celts pushed west by Germanic migration, Celt - Celtic social system and arts, Celt - Celtic Religious Patterns, Celt - Celts as head-hunters, Celt - Names for Celts, Celt - The name Gauls, Celt - The word Welsh, Celt - The name Celts, Celt - Bibliography

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"Amongst the Celts the human head was venerated above all else, since the head was to the Celt the soul, centre of the emotions as well as of life itself, a symbol of divinity and of the powers of the other-world." - Paul Jacobsthal, Early Celtic Art. The Celtic cult of the severed head is documented not only in the many sculptured representations of severed heads in La Tene carvings, but in the surviving Celtic mythology, which is full of stories of the severed heads of heroes and the saints who carry their decapitated heads, ...

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Celt, Celt - Development of the term Celt, Celt - Population genetics, Celt - Origins and geographical distribution, Celt - Celts in Ireland and Britain, Celt - Roman influence, Celt - Examples of Romanization, Celt - Celtic Christianity, Celt - Celts pushed west by Germanic migration, Celt - Celtic social system and arts, Celt - Celtic Religious Patterns, Celt - Celts as head-hunters, Celt - Names for Celts, Celt - The name Gauls, Celt - The word Welsh, Celt - The name Celts, Celt - Bibliography

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The origin of the various names used since classical times for the people known today as the Celts is obscure and has been controversial. It appears that none of the terms recorded were ever used by Celtic speakers of themselves. In particular, there is no record of the term "Celt" being used in connection with the inhabitants of Ireland and Britain prior to the 19th century. Celt - The name Gauls. English Gaul(s), French Gaulois(es), Spanish Galo(s), Latin Gallus or Galli, German Gallier might be from an ...

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Celt, Celt - Development of the term Celt, Celt - Population genetics, Celt - Origins and geographical distribution, Celt - Celts in Ireland and Britain, Celt - Roman influence, Celt - Examples of Romanization, Celt - Celtic Christianity, Celt - Celts pushed west by Germanic migration, Celt - Celtic social system and arts, Celt - Celtic Religious Patterns, Celt - Celts as head-hunters, Celt - Names for Celts, Celt - The name Gauls, Celt - The word Welsh, Celt - The name Celts, Celt - Bibliography

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Although Celtic gods varied from region to region and tribe to tribe, the Celtic religion had some patterns. For example like Mediterranean cultures most early Celts worshipped in sacred groves. This was once postulated to have occurred because of Celts trading with Mediterranean cultures; however, evidence from Hallstatt era finds show that the earliest Celts practiced this before such trade took place. More reasonably, it is a byproduct of most primitive religion to worship in such a way. However, La Tene Celts also built temples of varyin ...

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Celt, Celt - Development of the term Celt, Celt - Population genetics, Celt - Origins and geographical distribution, Celt - Celts in Ireland and Britain, Celt - Roman influence, Celt - Examples of Romanization, Celt - Celtic Christianity, Celt - Celts pushed west by Germanic migration, Celt - Celtic social system and arts, Celt - Celtic Religious Patterns, Celt - Celts as head-hunters, Celt - Names for Celts, Celt - The name Gauls, Celt - The word Welsh, Celt - The name Celts, Celt - Bibliography

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The pre-Christian Celts had a well-organized social structure, based on class and kinship, with the religion we call Celtic polytheism. Elected Kings led the tribes, and society was divided into three groups: a warrior aristocracy, an intellectual class including druids, poets, and jurists, and everyone else. Women participated both in warfare and in kingship, and all the offices of high and low kings were filled by election under the system of tanistry, both factors which would confuse Norman writers expecting the feudal principle of primog ...

See also:

Celt, Celt - Development of the term Celt, Celt - Population genetics, Celt - Origins and geographical distribution, Celt - Celts in Ireland and Britain, Celt - Roman influence, Celt - Examples of Romanization, Celt - Celtic Christianity, Celt - Celts pushed west by Germanic migration, Celt - Celtic social system and arts, Celt - Celtic Religious Patterns, Celt - Celts as head-hunters, Celt - Names for Celts, Celt - The name Gauls, Celt - The word Welsh, Celt - The name Celts, Celt - Bibliography

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Following their unification, Belinus and Brennius merged their armies into one great one and invaded Gaul. After a year of warfare, the joint army managed to submit all the Frankish kingdoms in Gaul to their authority. Now with an even greater army, Belinus lead his great army to Italy and threatened to invade Rome. Outside of Rome, the two consuls, Gabias and Porsenna, sued for peace and offered wealth, tribute, and hostages as a sign of their submittance. Belinus and Brennius accepted and took their great army to Germany. Soon after this m ...

See also:

Brennius, Brennius - Claimant to the throne of Britain, Brennius - Duke of the Allobroges, Brennius - Conqueror of Rome, Brennius - Comments on historicity

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At the dawn of history in Europe, the Celts in present-day France were known as Gauls. Their descendants were described by Julius Caesar in his Gallic Wars. There was also an early Celtic presence in northern Italy. Other Celtic tribes invaded Italy, establishing there a city they called Mediolanum (modern Milan) and sacking Rome itself in 390 BC following the Battle of the Allia. A century later the defeat of the combined Samnite, Celtic and Etruscan alliance by the Romans in the Third Samnite War sounded the end of the Celtic domination in Europe, but it was not until 192 BC that the Roman armies conquered the last remaini ...

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Celt, Celt - Development of the term Celt, Celt - Population genetics, Celt - Origins and geographical distribution, Celt - Celts in Ireland and Britain, Celt - Roman influence, Celt - Examples of Romanization, Celt - Celtic Christianity, Celt - Celts pushed west by Germanic migration, Celt - Celtic social system and arts, Celt - Celtic Religious Patterns, Celt - Celts as head-hunters, Celt - Names for Celts, Celt - The name Gauls, Celt - The word Welsh, Celt - The name Celts, Celt - Bibliography

Read more here: » Celt: Encyclopedia II - Celt - Roman influence