Battle of Mollwitz

April 10 is the 100th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (101st in leap years). There are 265 days remaining. April 10 - Events. 1741 - Prussia defeats Austria in the Battle of Mollwitz 1815 - Mount Tambora eruption covers several islands with ash in Indonesia. 1816 - The U.S. government approved the creation of a Second Bank of the United States. 1865 - American Civil War: A day after his surrender to Union forces, Confederate General R ...

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He was born in Berlin, the son of Frederick William I, the so-called "Soldier-King," who created a formidable army and efficient civil service. His mother was Sophia Dorothea of Hanover (1687–1757). Unlike her husband, Sophia was well-mannered and well-educated. His maternal grandfather, George, Elector of Hanover, was the heir of Queen Anne of Great Britain, whom George succeeded in 1714. At the time of Frederick's birth, the Houses of Brandenburg and Hanover were enjoying great prosperity; the birth of Frederick was welcomed by hi ...

See also:

Frederick II of Prussia, Frederick II of Prussia - Early years, Frederick II of Prussia - Kingship, Frederick II of Prussia - Legacy, Frederick II of Prussia - Economy, Frederick II of Prussia - Chronology, Frederick II of Prussia - Trivia, Frederick II of Prussia - Reference

Read more here: » Frederick II of Prussia: Encyclopedia II - Frederick II of Prussia - Early years

He was born in Berlin, the son of Frederick William I, the so-called "Soldier-King," who created a formidable army and efficient civil service. His mother was Sophia Dorothea of Hanover (1687–1757). Unlike her husband, Sophia was well-mannered and well-educated. His maternal grandfather, George, Elector of Hanover, was the heir of Queen Anne of England, whom George succeeded in 1714. At the time of Frederick's birth, the Houses of Brandenburg and Hanover were enjoying great prosperity; the birth of Frederick was welcomed by him with ...

See also:

Frederick II of Prussia, Frederick II of Prussia - Early years, Frederick II of Prussia - Kingship, Frederick II of Prussia - Legacy, Frederick II of Prussia - Economy, Frederick II of Prussia - Chronology, Frederick II of Prussia - Trivia, Frederick II of Prussia - Reference

Read more here: » Frederick II of Prussia: Encyclopedia II - Frederick II of Prussia - Early years

Some historians of science point to his important works in biology as significant precursors in the development of evolutionary theories, specifically the theory of natural selection.Other writers contend that his remarks are cursory, vague, or incidental to that particular argument. See "Venus Physique" (1745), or its English translation, Boas (1966), for details. Other valuable references include Stephen Jay Gould's The Flamingo's Smile (1987), Desmond King-Hele's Erasmus Darwin (1963),Peter Bowler's Evolution: The History ...

See also:

Pierre Louis Maupertuis, Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Biography, Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Evolution, Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Least Action Principle, Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Books, Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Honors

Read more here: » Pierre Louis Maupertuis: Encyclopedia II - Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Evolution

He was born in Berlin, the son of Frederick William I, the so-called "Soldier-King," who created a formidable army and efficient civil service. His mother was Sophia Dorothea of Hanover (1687–1757). Unlike her husband, Sophia was well-mannered and well-educated. His maternal grandfather, George, Elector of Hanover, was the heir of Queen Anne of Great Britain, whom George succeeded in 1714, as King George I of Great Britain. At the time of Frederick's birth, the Houses of Brandenburg and Hanover were enjoying great prosperity; the bi ...

See also:

Frederick II of Prussia, Frederick II of Prussia - Early years, Frederick II of Prussia - Kingship, Frederick II of Prussia - Legacy, Frederick II of Prussia - Economy, Frederick II of Prussia - Chronology, Frederick II of Prussia - Trivia, Frederick II of Prussia - Reference

Read more here: » Frederick II of Prussia: Encyclopedia II - Frederick II of Prussia - Early years

Part of the War of the Austrian Succession. After a 2-month campaign, Prussian forces occupied Silesia, which belonged to the Czech Kingdom of the Austrian Empire. In 1741 the Prussians defeated the Austrians in the Battle of Mollwitz near Brieg. In the Peace of Breslau 1742 most of Silesia was ceded to Prussia and was organized into the Silesian province. The southern portion of Silesia (with Jaegerndorf/Karniow, Troppau and Teschen) remained under Habsburg control and was called Bohemian Silesia, and after 1849 Austrian Silesia. Small portions of Polish Silesia (Oświęcim, ...

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Silesian Wars, Silesian Wars - 1st Silesian War 1740-1742, Silesian Wars - Peace of Breslau 1742, Silesian Wars - 2nd Silesian War 1744-1745, Silesian Wars - 3rd Silesian War 1756-1763

Read more here: » Silesian Wars: Encyclopedia II - Silesian Wars - 1st Silesian War 1740-1742

Some historians of science point to his important works in biology as significant precursors in the development of evolutionary theories, specifically the theory of natural selection. Other writers contend that his remarks are cursory, vague, or incidental to that particular argument. See "Venus Physique" (1745), or its English translation, Boas (1966), for details. Other valuable references include Stephen Jay Gould's The Flamingo's Smile (1987), Desmond King-Hele's Erasmus Darwin (1963), Peter Bowler's Evolution: The Histo ...

See also:

Pierre Louis Maupertuis, Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Biography, Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Evolution, Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Least Action Principle, Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Books, Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Honors

Read more here: » Pierre Louis Maupertuis: Encyclopedia II - Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Evolution

He was born in Berlin, the son of Frederick William I, the so-called "Sergeant-King," who created a formidable army and efficient civil service. His mother was Sophia Dorothea of Hanover (1687–1757). Unlike her husband, Sophia was well-mannered and well-educated. His maternal grandfather, George, Elector of Hanover, was the heir of Queen Anne of Great Britain, whom George succeeded in 1714. At the time of Frederick's birth, the Houses of Brandenburg and Hanover were enjoying great prosperity; the birth of Frederick was welcomed by h ...

See also:

Frederick II of Prussia, Frederick II of Prussia - Early years, Frederick II of Prussia - Kingship, Frederick II of Prussia - Legacy, Frederick II of Prussia - Economy, Frederick II of Prussia - Chronology, Frederick II of Prussia - Trivia, Frederick II of Prussia - Reference

Read more here: » Frederick II of Prussia: Encyclopedia II - Frederick II of Prussia - Early years

The following are his most important works: Sur la figure de la terre (Paris, 1738) Discours sur la parallaxe de la lune (Paris, 1741) Discours sur la figure des astres (Paris, 1742) Eléments de la géographie (Paris, 1742) Lettre sur la comète de 1742 (Paris, 1742) Astronomie nautique (Paris, 1745 and 1746) Vénus physique (Paris, 1745) ...

See also:

Pierre Louis Maupertuis, Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Biography, Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Evolution, Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Least Action Principle, Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Books, Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Honors

Read more here: » Pierre Louis Maupertuis: Encyclopedia II - Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Books

As king, Frederick did not have a vision for a unified Germany; this had to wait until Bismarck planned the wars of unification a century later. Frederick's goal was to improve his country of Prussia. Toward this end he fought his wars mainly against Austria, whose Habsburg dynasts reigned as emperors of the Holy Roman Empire almost continuously from the 15th century until 1806). Frederick established Brandenburg-Prussia as the fifth and smallest European great power by using the resources his father had made available. For 100 years the ensuing Austro-Prussian dualism made a unified Germany i ...

See also:

Frederick II of Prussia, Frederick II of Prussia - Early years, Frederick II of Prussia - Kingship, Frederick II of Prussia - Legacy, Frederick II of Prussia - Economy, Frederick II of Prussia - Chronology, Frederick II of Prussia - Trivia, Frederick II of Prussia - Reference

Read more here: » Frederick II of Prussia: Encyclopedia II - Frederick II of Prussia - Kingship

Frederick had some famous buildings constructed in his chief residence, Berlin, most of which still exist today, such as the Berlin State Opera, the Royal Library (today the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin), St. Hedwig's Cathedral, the French and German Cathedrals on the Gendarmenmarkt, and Prince Henry's Palace (now the site of Humboldt University). But the king preferred spending his time in his summer residence Potsdam, where he built the palace of Sanssouci, ...

See also:

Frederick II of Prussia, Frederick II of Prussia - Early years, Frederick II of Prussia - Kingship, Frederick II of Prussia - Legacy, Frederick II of Prussia - Economy, Frederick II of Prussia - Chronology, Frederick II of Prussia - Trivia, Frederick II of Prussia - Reference

Read more here: » Frederick II of Prussia: Encyclopedia II - Frederick II of Prussia - Legacy

Maupertuis was born at Saint-Malo, France to a moderately wealthy family of merchant-corsairs. He was educated in mathematics by a private tutor, and upon completing his formal education his father secured him a largely honorific cavalry commission. After three years in the cavalry, during which time he became acquainted the fashionable social and mathematical circles in Paris. At that time he moved to Paris and began building his reputation as a mathematician and literary wit. I ...

See also:

Pierre Louis Maupertuis, Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Biography, Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Evolution, Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Least Action Principle, Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Books, Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Honors

Read more here: » Pierre Louis Maupertuis: Encyclopedia II - Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Biography

The principle of least action states that in all natural phenomena a quantity called ‘action’ tends to be minimized. Maupertuis developed such a principle over two decades. For him, action could be expressed mathematically as the product of the mass of the body involved, the distance it had traveled and the velocity at which it was traveling. In 1741, he gave a paper to the Paris Academy of Sciences, Loi du repos des corps, (Law of bodies at rest). In it he showed that a system of bodies at rest tends to reach a position in which any change would create the smallest possible c ...

See also:

Pierre Louis Maupertuis, Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Biography, Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Evolution, Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Least Action Principle, Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Books, Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Honors

Read more here: » Pierre Louis Maupertuis: Encyclopedia II - Pierre Louis Maupertuis - Least Action Principle