Battle of Malaya

Between the wars, Britain's military strategy in the Far East were undermined by a lack of attention and funding. Her plans relied primarily on the stationing of a strong fleet at the Singapore Naval Base in the event of any enemy hostility, both to defend Britain's Far Eastern possessions and the route to Australia. However, the expected arrival time of the Royal Navy, should Malaya or Singapore be threatened, was extended from weeks to months, until finally, by the time war broke out in Europe in 1939, it was evid ...

See also:

Battle of Malaya, Battle of Malaya - Background, Battle of Malaya - The Japanese Invasion, Battle of Malaya - The Advance down the Peninsula, Battle of Malaya - Defence of Johore, Battle of Malaya - The Retreat to Singapore

Read more here: » Battle of Malaya: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Malaya - Background

The Allied commander, Lieutenant-General Arthur Percival had at his disposal 85,000 soldiers, the equivalent (on paper) of just over four divisions. There were about 70,000 front-line combat troops in 38 infantry battalions — 17 Indian; 13 British; six Australian, two Malayan/Singaporean — and three machine gun battalions. The newly-arrived British 18th Division, under Maj. Gen. Merton Beckwith-Smith, was at full strength but lacked both combat experience and suitable training; almost all of the other units were under-strength as a resul ...

See also:

Battle of Singapore, Battle of Singapore - Background: the Malayan campaign, Battle of Singapore - Preparations, Battle of Singapore - The battle, Battle of Singapore - The Japanese landings, Battle of Singapore - The Japanese breakthrough, Battle of Singapore - Fall of Singapore, Battle of Singapore - Notes

Read more here: » Battle of Singapore: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Singapore - Preparations

Percival was appointed Brigadier, General Staff, of the I Corps, British Expeditionary Force commanded by General Dill, from 1939 to 1940. He was then promoted to major-general and in February 1940 briefly became General Officer Commanding 43rd (Wessex) Division. He was made Assistant Chief of Imperial General Staff, War Office in 1940 but asked for a transfer to an active command after the Dunkirk evacuation. Given command of the 44th (Home Counties) Infantry Division, he spent 9 months organising the protection of 62 miles of the English c ...

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Arthur Ernest Percival, Arthur Ernest Percival - Early life and World War I, Arthur Ernest Percival - Between the Wars, Arthur Ernest Percival - Russia and Ireland, Arthur Ernest Percival - Staff Officer, Arthur Ernest Percival - The Second World War, Arthur Ernest Percival - General Officer Commanding Malaya, Arthur Ernest Percival - The Japanese Attack, Arthur Ernest Percival - Culpability for the Fall of Singapore, Arthur Ernest Percival - Captivity, Arthur Ernest Percival - Later Life, Arthur Ernest Percival - Publications

Read more here: » Arthur Ernest Percival: Encyclopedia II - Arthur Ernest Percival - The Second World War

Arthur Ernest Percival was born on Boxing Day in Aspenden, Hertfordshire, the son of Alfred Reginald and Edith Percival. He was schooled locally in Bengeo and later at Rugby, where he was a successful sportsman. However, his military career began at a comparatively late age and he was still working as a clerk for an iron-ore merchants, Naylor, Benzon & Company Limited, in London when the Great War broke out in 1914. Percival enlisted on the first day of the war as a private, aged twenty-seven, and was soon promoted lieutenant, bei ...

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Arthur Ernest Percival, Arthur Ernest Percival - Early life and World War I, Arthur Ernest Percival - Between the Wars, Arthur Ernest Percival - Russia and Ireland, Arthur Ernest Percival - Staff Officer, Arthur Ernest Percival - The Second World War, Arthur Ernest Percival - General Officer Commanding Malaya, Arthur Ernest Percival - The Japanese Attack, Arthur Ernest Percival - Culpability for the Fall of Singapore, Arthur Ernest Percival - Captivity, Arthur Ernest Percival - Later Life, Arthur Ernest Percival - Publications

Read more here: » Arthur Ernest Percival: Encyclopedia II - Arthur Ernest Percival - Early life and World War I

By the morning of Chinese New Year, February 15, the Japanese had broken through the last line of defence, and the allies were beginning to run out of food and some kinds of ammunition. After meeting his unit commanders, Percival contacted the Japanese and formally surrendered the Allied forces to Yamashita at the Ford Motor Factory, shortly after 5.15pm. Bennett created an enduring controversy when he handed command of the 8th Division to a brigadier and — with some of his staff officers — commande ...

See also:

Battle of Singapore, Battle of Singapore - Background: the Malayan campaign, Battle of Singapore - Preparations, Battle of Singapore - The battle, Battle of Singapore - The Japanese landings, Battle of Singapore - The Japanese breakthrough, Battle of Singapore - Fall of Singapore, Battle of Singapore - Notes

Read more here: » Battle of Singapore: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Singapore - Fall of Singapore

The Burma Campaign was a campaign in the South-East Asian Theatre of World War II. It was fought primarily between Commonwealth, Chinese and American forces against the Empire of Japan. Burma Campaign - Command structure. Burma Campaign - Allied. Initially command problems beset the Burma campaign. Burma was swapped from command to command during the pre-war period and the early months of the war: 1937 Burma was politically separated from India and fully responsible ...

Including:

• Burma Campaign - Command structure
• Burma Campaign - Allied
• Burma Campaign - Japanese
• Burma Campaign - Initial Japanese successes
• Burma Campaign - Japanese advance through Burma to the Indian frontier
• Burma Campaign - Arakan and the Chindits
• Burma Campaign - The turning point
• Burma Campaign - The rival Plans
• Burma Campaign - The Northern Front 1943/44
• Burma Campaign - The Southern Front 1943/44
• Burma Campaign - The Central Front 1943/44
• Burma Campaign - Burma Retaken
• Burma Campaign - The Southern Front 1944/45
• Burma Campaign - The Northern Front 1944/45
• Burma Campaign - The Central Front 1944/45
• Burma Campaign - Exploitation
• Burma Campaign - Operation Dracula
• Burma Campaign - Final Operations
• Burma Campaign - The American contribution
• Burma Campaign - RAF
• Burma Campaign - Notes
• Burma Campaign - Bibliography

Read more here: » Burma Campaign: Encyclopedia - Burma Campaign

The Republic of Singapore (Chinese: 新加坡共和国, Pinyin: Xīnjiāpō Gònghéguó, Malay: Republik Singapura; Tamil: சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு, Ciŋakappūr Kudiyarasu), is an island city-state in Southeast Asia, situated on the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, south of the Malaysian state of Johor and north of the Indonesian Riau Islands. Its coordinates are 1°17.583′N 103°51.333′E, just 137 km north of the Equator. The name Singapore was derived from the Malay word singaIncluding:

• Singapore - History
• Singapore - Politics and government
• Singapore - Geography
• Singapore - Economy
• Singapore - Tourism
• Singapore - Transport
• Singapore - Demographics
• Singapore - Culture
• Singapore - Footnotes

Read more here: » Singapore: Encyclopedia - Singapore

Percival retired from the army in 1946. Thereafter, he held appointments connected with his home county of Hertfordshire: he was Honorary Colonel of the 479th (Hertfordshire Yeomanry) H.A.A. Regiment T.A. from 1949-1954 [28] and acted as one of the Deputy Lieutenants of Hertfordshire in 1951 [29]. He continued his relationship with the Cheshire Regiment being appoi ...

See also:

Arthur Ernest Percival, Arthur Ernest Percival - Early life and World War I, Arthur Ernest Percival - Between the Wars, Arthur Ernest Percival - Russia and Ireland, Arthur Ernest Percival - Staff Officer, Arthur Ernest Percival - The Second World War, Arthur Ernest Percival - General Officer Commanding Malaya, Arthur Ernest Percival - The Japanese Attack, Arthur Ernest Percival - Culpability for the Fall of Singapore, Arthur Ernest Percival - Captivity, Arthur Ernest Percival - Later Life, Arthur Ernest Percival - Publications

Read more here: » Arthur Ernest Percival: Encyclopedia II - Arthur Ernest Percival - Later Life

Battle of Singapore - The Japanese landings. Blowing up the causeway had delayed the Japanese attack for over a week. However, they could not be held off indefinitely. At 8.30pm on February 8, Australian machine gunners opened fire on vessels carrying a first wave of 4,000 troops from the 5th and 18th Divisions towards Singapore island. Fierce fighting raged all day, but eventually the increasing Japanese numbers — as well as their superiority in artillery, planes and military intelligence — began to t ...

See also:

Battle of Singapore, Battle of Singapore - Background: the Malayan campaign, Battle of Singapore - Preparations, Battle of Singapore - The battle, Battle of Singapore - The Japanese landings, Battle of Singapore - The Japanese breakthrough, Battle of Singapore - Fall of Singapore, Battle of Singapore - Notes

Read more here: » Battle of Singapore: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Singapore - The battle

When the 25th Army invaded Malaya in December 1941 it was resisted by III Corps of the Indian Army and several British Army battalions. Japanese forces held a slight advantage in terms of numbers on the ground in northern Malaya, but were superior in close air support, armour, coordination, tactics and experience. The Japanese had slightly less aircraft, but their fighter aircraft were generally superior and helped them achieve air superiority. The Allies had no tanks, which had put them at a severe disadvantage. The battleships HMS < ...

See also:

Battle of Singapore, Battle of Singapore - Background: the Malayan campaign, Battle of Singapore - Preparations, Battle of Singapore - The battle, Battle of Singapore - The Japanese landings, Battle of Singapore - The Japanese breakthrough, Battle of Singapore - Fall of Singapore, Battle of Singapore - Notes

Read more here: » Battle of Singapore: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Singapore - Background: the Malayan campaign

Arthur Ernest Percival - Russia and Ireland. Percival's studies were delayed in 1919 when he decided to volunteer for service with the Archangel Command of the British Military Mission during the Russian Civil War. Appointed Brevet Major and second-in-command of the 46th Royal Fusiliers, he earnt a bar to his DSO in August, when his attack along the Dvina netted 400 Bolshevik prisoners ^{See also:}

Arthur Ernest Percival, Arthur Ernest Percival - Early life and World War I, Arthur Ernest Percival - Between the Wars, Arthur Ernest Percival - Russia and Ireland, Arthur Ernest Percival - Staff Officer, Arthur Ernest Percival - The Second World War, Arthur Ernest Percival - General Officer Commanding Malaya, Arthur Ernest Percival - The Japanese Attack, Arthur Ernest Percival - Culpability for the Fall of Singapore, Arthur Ernest Percival - Captivity, Arthur Ernest Percival - Later Life, Arthur Ernest Percival - Publications

Read more here: » Arthur Ernest Percival: Encyclopedia II - Arthur Ernest Percival - Between the Wars

At the start of the war the British had two commands with responsibilities for possessions in the theatre. India Command under General Sir Archibald Wavell the Commander-in-Chief (CinC) of the Army of India and the Far East Command, first under Air Chief Marshal Robert Brooke-Popham and then from December 23, 1941 commanded by Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Royds Pownall. India Command was responsible for India, Ceylon, and for some of the time Burma. The Far East Command based in Singapore was responsible for Hong Kong, Malaya, Sin ...

See also:

South-East Asian Theatre of World War II, South-East Asian Theatre of World War II - Allied Command Structure, South-East Asian Theatre of World War II - 11th Army Group, South-East Asian Theatre of World War II - Japanese Command Structure, South-East Asian Theatre of World War II - Initial Japanese successes, South-East Asian Theatre of World War II - Malaya and Singapore, South-East Asian Theatre of World War II - The Japanese Indian Ocean raid, South-East Asian Theatre of World War II - Burma Campaign, South-East Asian Theatre of World War II - US forces in the China Burma India Theatre, South-East Asian Theatre of World War II - Western Allies support for the Chinese, South-East Asian Theatre of World War II - RAF, South-East Asian Theatre of World War II - Battle Honours, South-East Asian Theatre of World War II - Indian Ocean, South-East Asian Theatre of World War II - Indian Ocean retreat, South-East Asian Theatre of World War II - Indian Ocean Strike, South-East Asian Theatre of World War II - Other

Read more here: » South-East Asian Theatre of World War II: Encyclopedia II - South-East Asian Theatre of World War II - Allied Command Structure

The roots of the war began in the late 19th century with China in political chaos and Japan rapidly modernizing. Over the course of the late 19th century and early 20th century, Japan intervened and finally annexed Korea and expanded its political and economic influence into China, particularly Manchuria. This expansion of power was aided by the fact that by the 1920s, China had fragmented into warlordism with only a weak and ineffective central government. However, the situation of a weak China unable to resist Japanese demands appea ...

See also:

Pacific War, Pacific War - Conflict between Japan and China, Pacific War - The Sino-Japanese War, Pacific War - War spreads in the east, Pacific War - The United States enters the war, Pacific War - The Allies re-group, Pacific War - The tide turns, Pacific War - The final stages of the war, Pacific War - Timeline

Read more here: » Pacific War: Encyclopedia II - Pacific War - Conflict between Japan and China

2006: January 2005: January February March April May June July August September October November December (For earlier events in Malaysia and Singapore, see December 2004 and preceding months.) ...

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Current events in Malaysia and Singapore, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - Deaths in January, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - Past events, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - Ongoing events, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - Upcoming events, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - Upcoming holidays, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - Upcoming elections, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - Related pages, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - 30 January 2006 Monday, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - 29 January 2006 Sunday, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - 26 January 2006 Thursday, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - 25 January 2006 Wednesday, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - 22 January 2006 Sunday, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - 21 January 2006 Saturday, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - 20 January 2006 Friday, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - 19 January 2006 Thursday, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - 18 January 2006 Wednesday, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - 17 January 2006 Tuesday, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - 16 January 2006 Monday, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - 15 January 2006 Sunday, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - 14 January 2006 Saturday, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - 13 January 2006 Friday, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - 12 January 2006 Thursday, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - 11 January 2006 Wednesday, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - 9 January 2006 Monday, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - 8 January 2006 Sunday, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - 6 January 2006 Friday, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - 3 January 2006 Tuesday, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - 2 January 2006 Monday, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - 1 January 2006 Sunday, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - Past Malaysian and Singaporean events by month, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - News collections and sources, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - Malaysia, Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - Singapore

Read more here: » Current events in Malaysia and Singapore: Encyclopedia II - Current events in Malaysia and Singapore - Past Malaysian and Singaporean events by month

Burma Campaign - The rival Plans. In August 1943 the allies decided to create South East Asia Command (SEAC) a new combined command responsible for the South-East Asian Theatre. With the decision came a new sense of purpose and in November, when SEAC took over responsibility for Burma, the British Fourteenth Army was ready to take the offensive. The Allied supply lines were improving; by October 1944 capacity on the North-east Indian Railways had been raised to 4,400 tons a day from 600 tons a day at the start of the war. By 1944 the RAF had gained Air superiorit ...

See also:

Burma Campaign, Burma Campaign - Command structure, Burma Campaign - Allied, Burma Campaign - Japanese, Burma Campaign - Initial Japanese successes, Burma Campaign - Japanese advance through Burma to the Indian frontier, Burma Campaign - Arakan and the Chindits, Burma Campaign - The turning point, Burma Campaign - The rival Plans, Burma Campaign - The Northern Front 1943/44, Burma Campaign - The Southern Front 1943/44, Burma Campaign - The Central Front 1943/44, Burma Campaign - Burma Retaken, Burma Campaign - The Southern Front 1944/45, Burma Campaign - The Northern Front 1944/45, Burma Campaign - The Central Front 1944/45, Burma Campaign - Exploitation, Burma Campaign - Operation Dracula, Burma Campaign - Final Operations, Burma Campaign - The American contribution, Burma Campaign - RAF, Burma Campaign - Notes, Burma Campaign - Bibliography

Read more here: » Burma Campaign: Encyclopedia II - Burma Campaign - The turning point

The first records of Singapore's existence are in Chinese texts from the 3rd century. The island was an outpost of the Sumatran Srivijaya empire and originally bore the Javanese name Temasek. Temasek rose to become a significant trading city, but subsequently declined. There are few remnants of old Temasek in Singapore other than archaeological evidence. Between 16th and early 19th century, Singapore was a part of the Sultanat ...

See also:

Singapore, Singapore - History, Singapore - Politics and government, Singapore - Geography, Singapore - Economy, Singapore - Tourism, Singapore - Transport, Singapore - Demographics, Singapore - Culture

Read more here: » Singapore: Encyclopedia II - Singapore - History

Percival was appointed Brigadier, General Staff, of the I Corps, British Expeditionary Force commanded by General Dill, from 1939 to 1940. He was then promoted to major-general and briefly became General Officer Commanding 43rd (Wessex) Division. He was made Assistant Chief of Imperial General Staff, War Office in 1940 and, after the Dunkirk evacuation, he commanded the 44th (Home Counties) Infantry Division, protecting the English coast from invasion until 1941. He was created Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in 1941. Art ...

See also:

Arthur Ernest Percival, Arthur Ernest Percival - Early life and World War I, Arthur Ernest Percival - Between the Wars, Arthur Ernest Percival - Russia and Ireland, Arthur Ernest Percival - Staff Officer, Arthur Ernest Percival - The Second World War, Arthur Ernest Percival - General Officer Commanding Malaya, Arthur Ernest Percival - Culpability for the Fall of Singapore, Arthur Ernest Percival - Captivity, Arthur Ernest Percival - Later Life, Arthur Ernest Percival - Publications

Read more here: » Arthur Ernest Percival: Encyclopedia II - Arthur Ernest Percival - The Second World War

There were many names given to different tank types, and similar names do not assure the same design goals. Some light tanks were relatively slow, and some were fast. Some heavy tanks had large-calibre low-velocity guns for engaging infantry and bunkers, and some had high-velocity antitank guns. Tank classification - WWI tank types. In WWI the first tank, the Mark I, was designed for supporting infantry by crossing trenches and attacking machine gun posts. Initially, there were two types with two roles. Th ...

See also:

Tank classification, Tank classification - Classifying tanks, Tank classification - Overview, Tank classification - Tank types, Tank classification - WWI tank types, Tank classification - Tank development from 1930-1945, Tank classification - Late twentieth century: the main battle tank, Tank classification - The twenty-first century: decline of heavy armour?, Tank classification - Specialist tanks

Read more here: » Tank classification: Encyclopedia II - Tank classification - Tank types

The first records of Singapore's existence are in Chinese texts from the 3rd century. The island was an outpost of the Sumatran Srivijaya empire and originally bore the Javanese name Temasek. Temasek rose to become a significant trading city, but subsequently declined. There are few remnants of old Temasek in Singapore other than archaeological evidence. In the 15th and 16th century, Singapore was a part of the Sultanate of Johore. During the Malay-Portugal wars in 1617, Singapore ...

See also:

Singapore, Singapore - History, Singapore - Politics and government, Singapore - Geography, Singapore - Economy, Singapore - Tourism, Singapore - Transport, Singapore - Demographics, Singapore - Culture, Singapore - Footnotes

Read more here: » Singapore: Encyclopedia II - Singapore - History

Singapore has a highly developed market-based economy in which the state plays a major role. It has one of the highest per capita gross domestic products in the world and is one of the "East Asian Tigers". Domestic demand is relatively low, and the economy depends heavily on exports produced from refining imported goods in a form of extended entrepot trade. This is especially true in electronics and manufacturing. Singapore was hit hard in 2001 by the global recession and the slump in the technology sector, which caused the GDP that y ...

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Singapore, Singapore - History, Singapore - Politics and government, Singapore - Geography, Singapore - Economy, Singapore - Tourism, Singapore - Transport, Singapore - Demographics, Singapore - Culture, Singapore - Footnotes

Read more here: » Singapore: Encyclopedia II - Singapore - Economy