Battle of Lake Benacus

Crisis of the Third Century (also known as the "Military Anarchy" or the "Imperial Crisis" ) is a commonly applied name for the crumbling and near collapse of the Roman Empire between 235 and 284 caused by the three simultaneous crises of external invasion, internal civil war and economic collapse. The changes in the institutions, society, economic life and eventually religion were so profound and fundamental, the "Crisis of the Third Century" is increasingly seen as the watershed marking the difference between the classic ...

Including:

• Crisis of the Third Century - History
• Crisis of the Third Century - Economic Impact

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Internally the empire faced runaway hyperinflation caused by years of coinage devaluation. This had started earlier under the Severan emperors who enlarged the army by one quarter and doubled the base pay. As each of the short-lived emperors took power they needed ways to raise money quickly to pay the military's "acession bonus" and the easiest way to do so was by simply cutting the silver in coins with less valuable metals. This had the predictable effect of causing runaway inflation and by the time Diocletian came to power the old coinage ...

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Crisis of the Third Century, Crisis of the Third Century - History, Crisis of the Third Century - Economic Impact

Read more here: » Crisis of the Third Century: Encyclopedia II - Crisis of the Third Century - Economic Impact

Marcus Aurelius Claudius Gothicus (May 10, 213/214 - January, 270), more often referred to as Claudius II, ruled the Roman Empire for less than two years (268 - 270), but during that brief time, he was so successful and beloved by the people of Rome that he attained divine status. His origin is uncertain. Claudius was either from the Sirmium region (in Pannonia Inferior) or from Dardania (in Moesia Superior). Claudius was the commander of the Roman army that defeated decisively the Goths at the battle of Naissus, in Sept ...

Including:

• Claudius II - Claudius as Emperor
• Claudius II - Death of St. Valentine

Read more here: » Claudius II: Encyclopedia - Claudius II

The troubles began in 235, when the emperor Alexander Severus was murdered by soldiers at the age of 27 after Roman legions were defeated in a campaign against Persia. As general after general squabbled over control of the empire, the frontiers were neglected and subjected to frequent raids by Carpians, Goths, Vandals and Alamanni, and outright attacks from Sassanids in the east. Finally, by 258, the attacks were coming from within, when the Empire broke up in to three separate competing states. The Roman provinces of Gaul, Britain an ...

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Crisis of the Third Century, Crisis of the Third Century - History, Crisis of the Third Century - Economic Impact

Read more here: » Crisis of the Third Century: Encyclopedia II - Crisis of the Third Century - History

268 - Events. The Alamanni invade Italy. September - Gallienus aided by Aurelian, defeats the Goths at Battle of Naissus Claudius II Gothicus becomes Roman Emperor. Claudius II Gothicus defeats the Alamanni at the Battle of Lake Benacus. First appearance of the Visigoths as a distinct people. Victorinus becomes the fourth Emperor of the Gallic Empire, following the murders of his predecessors 268 - Births.

Including:

• 268 - Events
• 268 - Births
• 268 - Deaths

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The troubles began in 235, when the emperor Alexander Severus was murdered by soldiers at the age of 27 after Roman legions were defeated in a campaign against Sassanid Persia. As general after general squabbled over control of the empire, the frontiers were neglected and subjected to frequent raids by Carpians, Goths, Vandals and Alamanni, and outright attacks from aggressive Sassanids in the east. Finally, by 258, the attacks were coming from within, when the Empire broke up in to three separate competing states. The Roman provinces ...

See also:

Crisis of the Third Century, Crisis of the Third Century - History, Crisis of the Third Century - Economic Impact

Read more here: » Crisis of the Third Century: Encyclopedia II - Crisis of the Third Century - History

The Alamanni, Allemanni, or Alemanni were an alliance of warbands formed from Germanic tribes, first mentioned by Dio Cassius when they fought Caracalla in 213. They apparently dwelt in the basin of the Main, to the south of the Chatti. Alamanni - Tribal connections. The Alamanni emerged from the Irminones. According to Asinius Quadratus their name —"all men"—indicates that they were a conglomeration of various tribes formed into warbands, similar to the contemporary Huns. Another source < ...

Including:

• Alamanni - Tribal connections
• Alamanni - Conflicts with the Roman Empire
• Alamanni - List of battles between Romans and Alamanni
• Alamanni - Alamanni and Franks
• Alamanni - List of Alamannic rulers
• Alamanni - Christianization
• Alamanni - Modern Alemanni

Read more here: » Alamanni: Encyclopedia - Alamanni

At the time of his accession, the Roman Empire was in serious danger from several incursions, both within and outside its borders. The most pressing of these was an invasion of Illyricum and Pannonia by the Goths. Not long after being named emperor (or just prior to Gallienus' death, depending on the source), he won his greatest victory, and one of the greatest in the history of Roman arms. At the Battle of Naissus, Claudius and his legions routed a huge Gothic army. Together with his cavalry commander, the future Emperor Aurelian, th ...

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Claudius II, Claudius II - Claudius as Emperor, Claudius II - Death of St. Valentine

Read more here: » Claudius II: Encyclopedia II - Claudius II - Claudius as Emperor

At the time of his accession, the Roman Empire was in serious danger from several incursions, both within and outside its borders. The most pressing of these was an invasion of Illyricum and Pannonia by the Goths. Not long after being named emperor (or just prior to Gallienus' death, depending on the source), he won his greatest victory, and one of the greatest in the history of Roman arms. At the Battle of Naissus, Claudius and his legions routed a huge Gothic army. Together with his cavalry commander, the future Emperor Aurelian, th ...

See also:

Claudius II, Claudius II - Claudius as Emperor

Read more here: » Claudius II: Encyclopedia II - Claudius II - Claudius as Emperor

The Alamanni were continually engaged in conflicts with the Roman Empire. They launched a major invasion of Gaul and northern Italy in 268, when the Romans were forced to denude much of their German frontier of troops in response to a massive invasion of the Goths. Their depredations in the three parts of Gaul remained traumatic: Gregory of Tours (died ca 594) mentions their destructive force at the time of Valerian and Gallienus (253–260), when the Alemanni assembled under their "king", whom he calls Chrocus, "by the advice, it is said, o ...

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Alamanni, Alamanni - Tribal connections, Alamanni - Conflicts with the Roman Empire, Alamanni - List of battles between Romans and Alamanni, Alamanni - Alamanni and Franks, Alamanni - List of Alamannic rulers, Alamanni - Christianization, Alamanni - Modern Alemanni

Read more here: » Alamanni: Encyclopedia II - Alamanni - Conflicts with the Roman Empire

The kingdom (or duchy) of Alamannia between Strasbourg and Augsburg lasted until 496, when the Alamanni were conquered by Clovis I at the Battle of Tolbiac. The war of Clovis with the Alamanni forms the setting for the conversion of Clovis, briefly treated by Gregory of Tours (Book II.31) Subsequently the Alamanni formed part of the Frankish dominions and were governed by a Frankish duke. In 746, Carloman ended an uprising by summarily executing all Alemannic nobility at the blood court at Cannstatt, and for the following century, Ala ...

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Alamanni, Alamanni - Tribal connections, Alamanni - Conflicts with the Roman Empire, Alamanni - List of battles between Romans and Alamanni, Alamanni - Alamanni and Franks, Alamanni - List of Alamannic rulers, Alamanni - Christianization, Alamanni - Modern Alemanni

Read more here: » Alamanni: Encyclopedia II - Alamanni - Alamanni and Franks

Kings Chrocus 306 Mederich (father of Agenarich, brother to Chnodomar) Chnodomar 350, 357 Vestralp 357, 359 Ur 357, 359 Agenarich (Serapio) 357 Suomar 357, 358 Hortar 357, 359 Gundomad 354 (co-regent of Vadomar) Ursicin 357, 359 Makrian 368–371 Rando 368 Hariobaud 4th c. Vadomar vor 354–360 Vithicab 360–368 Priarius& ...

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Alamanni, Alamanni - Tribal connections, Alamanni - Conflicts with the Roman Empire, Alamanni - List of battles between Romans and Alamanni, Alamanni - Alamanni and Franks, Alamanni - List of Alamannic rulers, Alamanni - Christianization, Alamanni - Modern Alemanni

Read more here: » Alamanni: Encyclopedia II - Alamanni - List of Alamannic rulers

Christianization of the Alamanni took place during Merovingian times (6th to 8th centuries). Sources are sparse, but in the mid-6th century, the Byzantine chronicler Agathias of Myrina records, in the context of the wars of the Goths and Franks against Byzantium, that the Alamanni fighting among the troops of Frankish king Theudebald were like the Franks in all respects except religion, since they "worship trees, rivers, hills and gorges as gods, and decapitate horses and cows, and innumerable othe ...

See also:

Alamanni, Alamanni - Tribal connections, Alamanni - Conflicts with the Roman Empire, Alamanni - List of battles between Romans and Alamanni, Alamanni - Alamanni and Franks, Alamanni - List of Alamannic rulers, Alamanni - Christianization, Alamanni - Modern Alemanni

Read more here: » Alamanni: Encyclopedia II - Alamanni - Christianization

Claudius II Gothicus is also known to history for his execution of a little-known Christian monk named Saint Valentine, who secretly married Claudius' soldiers in defiance of an order from him that professional soldiers were not to marry. This execution is said to have taken place on February 14, 269, and when Valentine was later sainted, February 14 became his feast day. Historia Augusta reports Claudius and Quintillus having another brother named Crispus and through him a niece. Said niece Claudia reportedly married Eutropius and was mother to Constantius Chlorus. Historians however suspect this account to b ...

See also:

Claudius II, Claudius II - Claudius as Emperor, Claudius II - Death of St. Valentine

Read more here: » Claudius II: Encyclopedia II - Claudius II - Death of St. Valentine