Battle of Chesma

The naval Battle of Chesma took place on 5-7 July 1770 near and in Chesma (Turkish: Çeşme) Bay, in the area between Asia Minor and the island of Chios, the site of a number of past naval battles between Turkey and Venice. It was part of the Orlov Revolt of 1769, a precursor to the later Greek War of Independence (1821-29), and the first of a number of disastrous fleet battles for Turkey against Russia. The Russo-Turkish War had begun in 1768, and Russia sent several squadrons from the Baltic Sea to the Mediterranean Sea to dr ...

Including:

• Battle of Chesma - Significance
• Battle of Chesma - Notes
• Battle of Chesma - References

Read more here: » Battle of Chesma: Encyclopedia - Battle of Chesma

The term galley can refer to any ship propelled primarily by man-power, using oars. Most galleys also use masts and sails as a secondary means of propulsion. Various types of galleys dominated naval warfare in the Mediterranean from the time of Homer to the development of effective naval gunnery around the 15th and 16th centuries. Galleys fought in the wars of ancient Persia, Greece, Carthage and Rome until the 4th century. After the fall of the Roman Empire, galleys saw continued, if somewhat reduced, use by the Byzantine Empi ...

Including:

• Galley - Ancient galleys
• Galley - The first galleys
• Galley - Penteconters
• Galley - Triremes
• Galley - Quinqueremes and polyremes
• Galley - Later galleys
• Galley - Medieval galleys in northern Europe
• Galley - The Renaissance
• Galley - The last galleys
• Galley - Other links
• Galley - Other meanings

Read more here: » Galley: Encyclopedia - Galley

Galley - The first galleys. Galleys travelled the Mediterranean from perhaps 3000 BC. The Greeks and Phoenicians built and operated the first known ships to navigate the Mediterranean: merchant vessels with square-rigged sails. The first military vessels, as described in the works of Homer and represented in paintings, had a single row of oarsmen along each side (in addition to the s ...

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Galley, Galley - Ancient galleys, Galley - The first galleys, Galley - Penteconters, Galley - Triremes, Galley - Quinqueremes and polyremes, Galley - Later galleys, Galley - Medieval galleys in northern Europe, Galley - The Renaissance, Galley - The last galleys, Galley - Other links, Galley - Other meanings

Read more here: » Galley: Encyclopedia II - Galley - Ancient galleys

The Grand Cascade is modeled on one constructed for Louis XIV at his Chateau of Marly, which is likewise memorialized in one of the park's outbuildings. At the center of the cascade is an artificial grotto with two storeys, faced inside and out with hewn brown stone. It currently contains a modest museum of the fountains' history. One of the exhibits is a table carrying a bowl of (artificial) fruit, a replica of a similar table built under Peter's direction. The table is rigged with jets of water that soak visitors when they reach for ...

See also:

Peterhof, Peterhof - Layout, Peterhof - The Grand Cascade and Samson Fountain, Peterhof - The Lower Gardens, Peterhof - The Grand Palace, Peterhof - Other features, Peterhof - History, Peterhof - Tourist information

Read more here: » Peterhof: Encyclopedia II - Peterhof - The Grand Cascade and Samson Fountain

List of battles geographic - Croatian War of Independence. Battle of Vukovar - 1991 Operation Storm - 1995 ...

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List of battles geographic, List of battles geographic - Angola, List of battles geographic - Austria, List of battles geographic - Australia, List of battles geographic - Bangladesh, List of battles geographic - Belarus, List of battles geographic - Belgium, List of battles geographic - Bosnia and Herzegovina, List of battles geographic - Brazil, List of battles geographic - Bulgaria, List of battles geographic - Canada, List of battles geographic - Costa Rica, List of battles geographic - Croatia, List of battles geographic - Croatian War of Independence, List of battles geographic - Czech Republic, List of battles geographic - Hussite Wars, List of battles geographic - Thirty Years' War, List of battles geographic - Seven Years' War, List of battles geographic - Napoleonic Wars, List of battles geographic - Austro-Prussian War, List of battles geographic - World War II, List of battles geographic - China, List of battles geographic - East Timor, List of battles geographic - England, List of battles geographic - Ethiopia, List of battles geographic - France, List of battles geographic - Germany, List of battles geographic - Greece, List of battles geographic - Hungary, List of battles geographic - India, List of battles geographic - Indonesia, List of battles geographic - Iraq, List of battles geographic - Ireland, List of battles geographic - Italy, List of battles geographic - Japan, List of battles geographic - Japanese Islands, List of battles geographic - Korea, List of battles geographic - Latvia, List of battles geographic - Manchuria, List of battles geographic - Marshall Islands, List of battles geographic - Morocco, List of battles geographic - Netherlands, List of battles geographic - New Zealand, List of battles geographic - Nicaragua, List of battles geographic - Norway, List of battles geographic - Oman, List of battles geographic - Pakistan, List of battles geographic - Poland, List of battles geographic - Portugal, List of battles geographic - Romania, List of battles geographic - Russia, List of battles geographic - Scotland, List of battles geographic - Slovenia, List of battles geographic - Spain, List of battles geographic - Sweden, List of battles geographic - Turkey, List of battles geographic - Ukraine, List of battles geographic - United States, List of battles geographic - Venezuela, List of battles geographic - Vietnam, List of battles geographic - Wales, List of battles geographic - Yemen

Read more here: » List of battles geographic: Encyclopedia II - List of battles geographic - Croatia

Under Tsar Mikhail Feodorovich construction of the first three-masted ship, actually built within Russia, was completed in 1636. It was built by Danish shipbuilders from Holstein according to European design and was christened the Frederick. During its maiden voyage on the Caspian Sea the Frederick unfortunately sailed into a heavy storm and was lost at sea. In 1656 Russian forces seized the Swedish fortresses of Dinaburg and Kokengausen on the Western Dvina and the latter was renamed Tsarevich-Dmitriev. A boyar named Af ...

See also:

Imperial Russian Navy, Imperial Russian Navy - First Romanovs, Imperial Russian Navy - The Russian Navy during the reign of Peter the Great, Imperial Russian Navy - Russian Navy after the reign of Peter the Great

Read more here: » Imperial Russian Navy: Encyclopedia II - Imperial Russian Navy - First Romanovs

Peterhof is now again accessible by sea; hydrofoil boats depart from the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, pass down the river Neva and the Gulf of Finland coast, and dock at the mouth of the Sea Channel. The palace is also easily accessed by road. Public transit and private van services make regular trips from Petersburg. The Upper Gardens are freely accessible, but entry to the Lower Gardens requires the purchase of tickets (not included in the boat fee for visitors arriving by hydrofoil). The palaces and grotto are accessible only a ...

See also:

Peterhof, Peterhof - Layout, Peterhof - The Grand Cascade and Samson Fountain, Peterhof - The Lower Gardens, Peterhof - The Grand Palace, Peterhof - Other features, Peterhof - History, Peterhof - Tourist information

Read more here: » Peterhof: Encyclopedia II - Peterhof - Tourist information

List of battles geographic - Hussite Wars. Battle of Vysehrad - 1419 Battle of Vitkov Hill - 1420 Battle of Lipany - 1434 List of battles geographic - Thirty Years' War. Battle of Záblatí - 1619 - Battle of Vestonice - 1619 Battle of White Mountain - 1620 List of battles geographic - Seven Years' War. Battle of Lobositz - 1756 Battle of Reichenberg - 1757 B ...

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List of battles geographic, List of battles geographic - Angola, List of battles geographic - Austria, List of battles geographic - Australia, List of battles geographic - Bangladesh, List of battles geographic - Belarus, List of battles geographic - Belgium, List of battles geographic - Bosnia and Herzegovina, List of battles geographic - Brazil, List of battles geographic - Bulgaria, List of battles geographic - Canada, List of battles geographic - Costa Rica, List of battles geographic - Croatia, List of battles geographic - Croatian War of Independence, List of battles geographic - Czech Republic, List of battles geographic - Hussite Wars, List of battles geographic - Thirty Years' War, List of battles geographic - Seven Years' War, List of battles geographic - Napoleonic Wars, List of battles geographic - Austro-Prussian War, List of battles geographic - World War II, List of battles geographic - China, List of battles geographic - East Timor, List of battles geographic - England, List of battles geographic - Ethiopia, List of battles geographic - France, List of battles geographic - Germany, List of battles geographic - Greece, List of battles geographic - Hungary, List of battles geographic - India, List of battles geographic - Indonesia, List of battles geographic - Iraq, List of battles geographic - Ireland, List of battles geographic - Italy, List of battles geographic - Japan, List of battles geographic - Japanese Islands, List of battles geographic - Korea, List of battles geographic - Latvia, List of battles geographic - Manchuria, List of battles geographic - Marshall Islands, List of battles geographic - Morocco, List of battles geographic - Netherlands, List of battles geographic - New Zealand, List of battles geographic - Nicaragua, List of battles geographic - Norway, List of battles geographic - Oman, List of battles geographic - Pakistan, List of battles geographic - Poland, List of battles geographic - Portugal, List of battles geographic - Romania, List of battles geographic - Russia, List of battles geographic - Scotland, List of battles geographic - Slovenia, List of battles geographic - Spain, List of battles geographic - Sweden, List of battles geographic - Turkey, List of battles geographic - Ukraine, List of battles geographic - United States, List of battles geographic - Venezuela, List of battles geographic - Vietnam, List of battles geographic - Wales, List of battles geographic - Yemen

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Peter the Great first mentions the site in his journal in 1705, during the Great Northern War, as a good place to construct a landing for the use of ships traveling to and from the island fortress of Kronstadt. In time, though, the monarch changed his mind, and decided to build a sprawling residence here, on the model of Versailles. Construction was completed in 1725. (Peter had also entertained plans of a similar palace at Strelna, a short way to ...

See also:

Peterhof, Peterhof - Layout, Peterhof - The Grand Cascade and Samson Fountain, Peterhof - The Lower Gardens, Peterhof - The Grand Palace, Peterhof - Other features, Peterhof - History, Peterhof - Tourist information

Read more here: » Peterhof: Encyclopedia II - Peterhof - History

The largest of Peterhof's palaces looks truly imposing when seen from the Lower or Upper Gardens, but in fact it is quite narrow and not overly large. Of its approximately thirty rooms, several deserve mention. The Chesma Hall is decorated with twelve large paintings of the Battle of Chesma, a stunning naval victory of the Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774. These were painted between 1771 and 1773 by the German artist J. Haakert. His first renderings of the great battle scenes were criticized by witnesses as not showing realistically the e ...

See also:

Peterhof, Peterhof - Layout, Peterhof - The Grand Cascade and Samson Fountain, Peterhof - The Lower Gardens, Peterhof - The Grand Palace, Peterhof - Other features, Peterhof - History, Peterhof - Tourist information

Read more here: » Peterhof: Encyclopedia II - Peterhof - The Grand Palace

Galley - Medieval galleys in northern Europe. A development of the Viking longships and knaars, north European galleys, clinker-built, used a square sail and rows of oars, and looked very like their Norse predecessors. In the waters off the west of Scotland between 1263 and 1500, the Lords of the Isles used galleys both for warfare and for transport around their maritime domain, which included the west coast of the Scottish Highlands, the Hebrides, and Antrim in Ireland. They employed these ships for sea-b ...

See also:

Galley, Galley - Ancient galleys, Galley - The first galleys, Galley - Penteconters, Galley - Triremes, Galley - Quinqueremes and polyremes, Galley - Later galleys, Galley - Medieval galleys in northern Europe, Galley - The Renaissance, Galley - The last galleys, Galley - Other links, Galley - Other meanings

Read more here: » Galley: Encyclopedia II - Galley - Later galleys

The creation of the regular Russian Navy took place during the reign of Peter the Great. During the Second Azov campaign of 1696 against Turkey, the Russians employed for the first time 2 battleships, 4 fireships, 23 galleys and 1300 strugs, built on the Voronezh River. After the occupation of the Azov fortress, the Boyar Duma looked into Peter's report of this military campaign and passed a decree on commencing the construction of the navy o ...

See also:

Imperial Russian Navy, Imperial Russian Navy - First Romanovs, Imperial Russian Navy - The Russian Navy during the reign of Peter the Great, Imperial Russian Navy - Russian Navy after the reign of Peter the Great

Read more here: » Imperial Russian Navy: Encyclopedia II - Imperial Russian Navy - The Russian Navy during the reign of Peter the Great

The dominant natural feature of Peterhof is a sixteen-metre-high bluff lying less than a hundred metres from the shore. The so-called Lower Gardens (Nizhny Sad), at 1.02 sq km comprising the better part of Peterhof's land area, are confined between this bluff and the shore, stretching east and west for roughly 200 metres. The majority of Peterhof's fountains are contained here, as are several small palaces and outbuildings. East of the Lower Gardens lies the Alexandrine Park, a late addition consid ...

See also:

Peterhof, Peterhof - Layout, Peterhof - The Grand Cascade and Samson Fountain, Peterhof - The Lower Gardens, Peterhof - The Grand Palace, Peterhof - Other features, Peterhof - History, Peterhof - Tourist information

Read more here: » Peterhof: Encyclopedia II - Peterhof - Layout

The expanse of the Lower Gardens is an informal (English) garden. Unlike the gardens at Pavlovsk and Tsarskoye Selo, these are altered significantly from their natural state; they have little undergrowth, and only mature trees. The many fountains located here exhibit an unusual degree of creativity. One of the most notable designs is entitled 'The Sun'. A disk radiating water jets from its edge creates an image of the sun's rays, and the whole structure rotates about a vertical axis so that the direction in ...

See also:

Peterhof, Peterhof - Layout, Peterhof - The Grand Cascade and Samson Fountain, Peterhof - The Lower Gardens, Peterhof - The Grand Palace, Peterhof - Other features, Peterhof - History, Peterhof - Tourist information

Read more here: » Peterhof: Encyclopedia II - Peterhof - The Lower Gardens

The Grand Palace is not the only historic royal building in Peterhof. The palaces of Monplaisir and Marly, as well as the pavilion known as the 'Hermitage', were all raised during the initial construction of Peterhof during the reign of Peter the Great. The Lower Gardens also contain a large greenhouse, and in the Alexandrine Park stands the palace of Nicholas I. Like the Lower Gardens, the Upper contain many fountains, distributed among seven broad pools. The landscaping, though, is entirely different; the Lower Gardens are strictly geometric. While a few of the fountains have curious sculpture, the waterworks ...

See also:

Peterhof, Peterhof - Layout, Peterhof - The Grand Cascade and Samson Fountain, Peterhof - The Lower Gardens, Peterhof - The Grand Palace, Peterhof - Other features, Peterhof - History, Peterhof - Tourist information

Read more here: » Peterhof: Encyclopedia II - Peterhof - Other features