Basra

Basra (also spelled Başrah or Basara; historically sometimes written Busra, Busrah, and the early form Bassorah; Arabic: البصرة, Al-Basrah) is the third largest city of Iraq with an estimated population of c. 1,377,000 (2003). It is the country's main port. Basra is the capital of the Basra province. The city is located along the Shatt al-Arab (Arvandrood) waterway near the Persian Gulf. Basra is 55 km from the Persian Gulf and 545 km fr ...

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Basra - Early history

Basra - Basra in Islamic theology and scholarship

Basra - Early literary mentions of Basra

Basra - Second World War

Basra - 1945-1990: peacetime and the Iran-Iraq War

Basra - Persian Gulf War

Basra - Iraq War and occupation

Basra - Post-war Basra

Basra - UK fighting against Iraqi police

Basra - Bibliography

Read more here: » Basra: Encyclopedia - Basra

Basra: Encyclopedia II - Basra - Post-war Basra By the first half of 2005, Basra had become noted as a focal point for confrontations between secular Iraqi culture and Shi'ite Islam supporters [1]. In March 2005, a group of students were beaten to death for playing music, and for engaging in unconstrained interaction between males and females. Militia members armed with rifles killed at least two, shot several, and beat one young woman severely enough so that she lost her sight. Senior al-Sadr supporters praised the militia's actions [2]. The playing of music and music stores are frequently a target from Shi'ite groups who hold that music is against the teaching of Islam. Se ...

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Banu Tamim - Leading Personalities

Banu Tamim - Dynasties

Basra: Encyclopedia - Wasil ibn Ata

Wasil ibn Ata (700 - 748) was a Muslim theologian, and by some accounts is considered the founder of the Mutazilite school of Islamic thought. Born around the year 700 in the Arabian Peninsula, he initially studied under Jafar as-Sadiq. Later he would travel to Basra in Iraq to study under Hasan al-Basri. In Basra he began to develop the ideologies that would lead to the Mutazilite school. These stemmed from conflicts that many scholars had in resolving theology and politics. His main contribution to the Mutazilite school was in planting the seeds for the formation of its doctrine.

Basra: Encyclopedia - 636

Events August 20 - Battle of Yarmuk - Byzantine Empire loses Syria to the Arabs The Arabs invade Persia Rothari marries queen Gundeparga, becomes king of the Lombards city of Basra Iraq founded on a canal by caliph Omar. Births Deaths April 4 - Isidore of Seville, scholar Arioald, king of the Lombards Categories: 630s | 636 ...

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Basra: Encyclopedia - Yefet ben Ali

Yefet ben Ali lived during the 10th century, a native of Basra in the area of present-day Iraq. He is perhaps the foremost Karaite commenter of the "Golden Age of Karaism". His commentaries, which were written in Arabic, covered the entire Tanakh. They were accompanied by a very literal translation of the Hebrew text, which often violated the rules of Arabic grammar. These writings influenced the rabbinical sage Ibn Ezra, who quotes Yefet fort ...

Basra: Encyclopedia - Al-Jahiz

Al-Jahiz (in Arabic الجاحظ) (real name Abu Uthman Amr Ibn Bahr al-Kinani al-Fuqaimi al-Basri) (born in Basra, 776 - 869) was a famous Arabic prose writer, historian, and author of works of adab, Mu'tazili theology, and politico-religious polemics. Although a writer in Arabic and a strong supporter of Arabic literature, he was also extremely proud of his African ancestry. In his book Book of the Glory of the Blacks Over the Whites, he wrote that "The Ethiopians, the Berbers, the Copts, the Nubians, the ...

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Al-Jahiz - External link

Read more here: » Al-Jahiz: Encyclopedia - Al-Jahiz

Basra: Encyclopedia - Al-Mustarshid

Al-Mustarshid (d. 1135) was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 1118 to 1135. Son of the preceding Caliph, he once more tried independence while the Seljuks were engaged in war in the East. They had left Baghdad much to itself. Risings in Iraq at this time were common. One of the rising was led by the famous but unscrupulous general Dubeis. After plundering Basra, he joined the Crusaders in their attempt upon Aleppo, and afterwards incited a young brother of the Sultan to rebel and make a dash upon the capital; but the Caliph with 12,000 m ...

Basra: Encyclopedia - Abd al-Malik

Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (Arabic: عبد المالك بن مروان ) (646 - 705) was an Umayyad caliph. A well-educated man, he was a capable ruler, despite the many political problems that wracked his rule. Abd al-Malik became caliph after the death of his father in 685. Within a few years, he dispatched armies under Al-Hajjaj bin Yousef on a campaign to reassert Umayyad control over the Islamic empire. Hajjaj first defeated the governor of Basra, he then went on to the Hejaz where Ibn Zubayr was killed, ending his short claim to the caliphate. Hajjaj's success led Abd al-Malik to make him the governor of ...

Basra: Encyclopedia - Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari

Abu al-Hasan bin Isma'el al-Ash'ari (Arabic ابو الحسن بن إسماعيل اﻷشعري) (ca. 873-ca. 935), was a Muslim Arab theologian and the founder of the Ash'ari school of early Muslim philosophy. Al-Ash'ari was born of pure Arab stock at Basra, but spent the greater part of his life at Baghdad. Although belonging to an orthodox family, he became a pupil of the great Mutazalite teacher al-Jubba'i, and himself remained a Mutazalite until his fortieth year. In 912 he returned to the faith of his fathers and became i ...

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Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari - Reference

Basra: Encyclopedia - Al-Tirmidhi

Al-Tirmidhi, full name Abu Isa Muhammad ibn Isa ibn Musa ibn al-Dahhak al-Sulami al-Tirmidhi (824-892, ie 209 AH - 13 Rajab 279 AH) was a medieval collector of hadith (sayings of Muhammad), who wrote the Sunan al-Tirmidhi, one of the six canonical hadith compilations used in Sunni Islam. He was born (and would die) at Bugh, a suburb of Termez, to a family of the widespread Banu Sulaym tribe. Starting at the age of twenty, he travelled widely, to Kufa, Basra, and the Hijaz, seeking out knowledge from, among others, Qutaib ...

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Al-Tirmidhi - Works

Al-Tirmidhi - External source

Basra: Encyclopedia - Alhazen

Alhazen Abu Ali al-Hasan Ibn Al-Haitham (also: Ibn al Haythen), (965-1040), was a mathematician; he is sometimes called al-Basri, after his birthplace Basrah, Iraq. Alhazen - Life. Alhazen was born at Basra, then part of Buwayhid Persia, now part of Iraq (See [1] and [2]), and probably died in Cairo, Egypt. One account of his career has him summoned to Egypt by the mercurial caliph Hakim to regulate the flooding of the Nile. After his field work made him aware of the impracticality of t ...

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Alhazen - Life

Alhazen - Works

Alhazen - Optics

Alhazen - Other Alhazens

Alhazen - Bibliography

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Basra: Encyclopedia - 665

Events Swithelm succeeded by Sighere and Sebbi as king(s) of Essex Seongnam renamed Hansanju. According to the Annales Cambriae, the Anglo-Saxons convert to Christianity after the "Second Battle of Badon". Battle of Bassorah in Bassorah (Basra) Births Deaths Brahmagupta, Astronomer. Category: 665 ...

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Basra: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Bassorah - Counquer of Basra

On the following day, a severe conflict raged throughout the City, which ended in the discomfiture of Ali's party, and so the government passed into the hands of Talha and Zubair. They took along with seventy of the governor officers who were in charge of the public treasury as prisoners. They brought them to Aisha who ordered that they be put to death. The life of Uthman Ibn Hanif, the governor, was spared. Set at liberty, his head and beard were shaven, and his eyelashes and moustaches clipped; and in this sorry plight ...

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