The basal ganglia are a group of nuclei in the brain associated with motor and learning functions. However, there is no single definitive function that can be assigned to the mammalian basal ganglia. Basal ganglia - History. The first anatomical identification of distinct subcortical structures was published by the English anatomist Thomas Willis in 1664. At that time it was referred to as the corpus striatum (comprising only the globus pallidus segments and striatum). At the beginning of the 20th century i ...

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Basal ganglia - History Basal ganglia - Anatomical subdivisions Basal ganglia - Evolution and naming Basal ganglia - Neurotransmitters Basal ganglia - Connections Basal ganglia - Disorders linked with the basal ganglia

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Basal ganglia, Basal ganglia - History, Basal ganglia - Anatomical subdivisions, Basal ganglia - Evolution and naming, Basal ganglia - Neurotransmitters, Basal ganglia - Connections, Basal ganglia - Disorders linked with the basal ganglia

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"Basal ganglia"-like areas are observed in the central nervous systems of many species. The striatal and pallidal components can be clearly identified in all amniotes (mammals, birds, and reptiles) and amphibians. The anatomical connections of these nuclei and their pharmacology also appear relatively conserved. Non-tetrapod vertebrates such as fish also display basal ganglia-like structures, although the data is less clear in this case. The names given to the various nuclei comprising the basal ganglia can vary greatly depending on s ...

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Basal ganglia, Basal ganglia - History, Basal ganglia - Anatomical subdivisions, Basal ganglia - Evolution and naming, Basal ganglia - Neurotransmitters, Basal ganglia - Connections, Basal ganglia - Disorders linked with the basal ganglia

Read more here: » Basal ganglia: Encyclopedia II - Basal ganglia - Evolution and naming

According to the U.S. Surgeon General, and ICD-10-CM (International Classification of Disease Revised Edition 2005), ADHD is a metabolic form of encephalopathy, impairing the release and homeostasis of neurological chemicals, and reducing the function of the limbic system. Research, however, indicates that the frontal lobes, their connections to the basal ganglia, and the central aspects of the cerebellum (vermis) are most likely to be involved in this disorder, as may be a region in th ...

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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Formal definitions, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Symptoms, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Diagnosis, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Comparative behavior, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Incidence, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Testing for ADHD, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Psychological testing, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Other forms of testing, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Possible causes, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Genetic vulnerabilities, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Neuro-chemical imbalance, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Smoking during pregnancy, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Nutrition, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Sleep apnea, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Head injuries, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Treatment, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Mainstream treatments, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Alternative treatments, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Parenting, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Evidence for ADHD as an organic phenomenon, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Positive aspects, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Controversy, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Skepticism towards ADHD as a diagnosis, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - ADHD as pseudo-science and its falsifiability, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Hunter in a Farmer's Society theory, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - ADHD as a social construct, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Concerns about the impact of labeling, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Concerns about medication, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - ADD/ADHD a hoax?, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Twentieth century history, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Terminology

Read more here: » Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Encyclopedia II - Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Formal definitions

According to the U.S. Surgeon General, and ICD-10-CM (International Classification of Disease Revised Edition 2005), ADHD is a metabolic form of encephalopathy, impairing the release and homeostasis of neurological chemicals, and reducing the function of the limbic system. Research, however, indicates that the frontal lobes, their connections to the basal ganglia, and the central aspects of the cerebellum (vermis) are most likely to be involved in this disorder, as may be a region in th ...

See also:

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Formal definitions, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Symptoms, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Diagnosis, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Comparative behavior, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Incidence, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Testing for ADHD, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Psychological testing, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Other forms of testing, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Possible causes, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Genetic vulnerabilities, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Neuro-chemical imbalance, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Smoking during pregnancy, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Nutrition, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Sleep apnea, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Head injuries, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Treatment, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Mainstream treatments, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Alternative treatments, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Views on neurodiversity, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Views on parenting, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Evidence for ADHD as an organic phenomenon, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Positive aspects, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Controversy, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Skepticism towards ADHD as a diagnosis, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - ADHD as pseudo-science and its falsifiability, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Hunter in a Farmer's Society theory, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - ADHD as a social construct, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Concerns about the impact of labeling, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Concerns about medication, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - ADD/ADHD a hoax?, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Famous people and ADHD, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Twentieth century history, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Terminology, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Footnotes

Read more here: » Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Encyclopedia II - Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Formal definitions

According to the U.S. Surgeon General, and ICD-10-CM (International Classification of Disease Revised Edition 2005), ADHD is a metabolic form of encephalopathy, impairing the release and homeostasis of neurological chemicals, and reducing the function of the limbic system. Research, however, indicates that the frontal lobes, their connections to the basal ganglia, and the central aspects of the cerebellum (vermis) are most likely to be involved in this disorder, as may be a region in th ...

See also:

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Formal definitions, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Symptoms, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Diagnosis, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Comparative behavior, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Incidence, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Testing for ADHD, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Psychological testing, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Other forms of testing, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Possible causes, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Genetic vulnerabilities, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Neuro-chemical imbalance, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Smoking during pregnancy, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Nutrition, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Sleep apnea, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Head injuries, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Treatment, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Mainstream treatments, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Alternative treatments, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Views on neurodiversity, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Views on parenting, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Evidence for ADHD as an organic phenomenon, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Positive aspects, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Controversy, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Skepticism towards ADHD as a diagnosis, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - ADHD as pseudo-science and its falsifiability, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Hunter in a Farmer's Society theory, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - ADHD as a social construct, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Concerns about the impact of labeling, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Concerns about medication, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - ADD/ADHD a hoax?, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - famous people and ADHD, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Twentieth century history, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Terminology, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Footnotes

Read more here: » Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Encyclopedia II - Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Formal definitions

Classically, these nuclei were considered to be connected as shown (left). The striatum is the primary (but not exclusive) input zone for other brain areas to connect to the basal ganglia. Via the striatum the basal ganglia receives input from the cortex, with a majority of projections from the motor and prefrontal cortices. The circuitry of the basal ganglia is often divided into two major pathways, the direct pathway and the indirect pathway: Direct pathway: striatum -→ GPi/SN ...

See also:

Basal ganglia, Basal ganglia - History, Basal ganglia - Anatomical subdivisions, Basal ganglia - Evolution and naming, Basal ganglia - Neurotransmitters, Basal ganglia - Connections, Basal ganglia - Disorders linked with the basal ganglia

Read more here: » Basal ganglia: Encyclopedia II - Basal ganglia - Connections

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