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baryogenesis | A Wisdom Archive on baryogenesis | | baryogenesis A selection of articles related to baryogenesis | |
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baryogenesis, Baryogenesis, Baryogenesis - Background, Baryogenesis - Matter content in the Universe, Baryogenesis - The Sakharov conditions, Baryogenesis - A naïve estimation of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe, Baryogenesis - Articles, Baryogenesis - Textbooks, Baryogenesis - The baryon asymmetry parameter, Leptons., CP-symmetry, CP violation.
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO baryogenesis | | | |  baryogenesis: Encyclopedia II - Plasma cosmology - OverviewThe basic assumptions of plasma cosmology are,
since the universe is nearly all plasma, electromagnetic forces are equal in importance with gravitation on all scales.
since we never see effects without causes, we have no reason to assume an origin in time for the universe—an effect without a cause. Thus this approach, in contrast to certain interpretations of the Big Bang cosmology, does not permit any beginning for the universe.
unlike the steady state theory, the universe is not changeless. Rather, since every part of the universe we observe is evolving, it assumes that th ...
See also:Plasma cosmology, Plasma cosmology - Overview, Plasma cosmology - Alfvén's model, Plasma cosmology - Cosmic Plasma, Plasma cosmology - Force free filaments, Plasma cosmology - Ambiplasma, Plasma cosmology - Features and problems, Plasma cosmology - Formation of structure, Plasma cosmology - Light elements abundance, Plasma cosmology - Microwave background, Plasma cosmology - Redshifts, Plasma cosmology - Future, Plasma cosmology - Figures in plasma cosmology, Plasma cosmology - Footnotes, Plasma cosmology - Links and references, Plasma cosmology - Books Read more here: » Plasma cosmology: Encyclopedia II - Plasma cosmology - Overview |
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| | | | | baryogenesis: Encyclopedia II - Plasma cosmology - Features and problems In the past twenty-five years, plasma cosmology has expanded to develop models of the formation of large scale structure, quasars, the origin of the light elements, the cosmic microwave background and the redshift-distance relationship.
Plasma cosmology - Formation of structure.
In the early 1980’s Peratt, a former student of Alfvén’s, used supercomputer facilities at Maxwell Laboratories and later at Los Alamos National Laboratory to simulate Alfvén and Fälthammar’s concept of galaxies being form ...
See also:Plasma cosmology, Plasma cosmology - Overview, Plasma cosmology - Alfvén's model, Plasma cosmology - Cosmic Plasma, Plasma cosmology - Force free filaments, Plasma cosmology - Ambiplasma, Plasma cosmology - Features and problems, Plasma cosmology - Formation of structure, Plasma cosmology - Light elements abundance, Plasma cosmology - Microwave background, Plasma cosmology - Redshifts, Plasma cosmology - Future, Plasma cosmology - Figures in plasma cosmology, Plasma cosmology - Footnotes, Plasma cosmology - Links and references, Plasma cosmology - Books Read more here: » Plasma cosmology: Encyclopedia II - Plasma cosmology - Features and problems |
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| | | | | baryogenesis: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of the Big Bang - Overview According to the Big Bang theory, a sequence of events described below is believed to have taken place starting (13.7 ± 0.2) x 109 years ago (see Hubble's law), a time at which in general relativity there is a gravitational singularity.
General relativity cannot describe the Universe at this time, because the theory gives infinite values for the temperature and density of the universe. It is believed that general relativity is insufficient to make predictions about the very beginning of the universe and that such predictio ...
See also:Timeline of the Big Bang, Timeline of the Big Bang - Introduction, Timeline of the Big Bang - Overview, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Big Bang and matter formation, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Primordial Age - from 0 years to 379000 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Planck Epoch, Timeline of the Big Bang - Galaxy and star formation, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Stelliferous Age - from 106 to 1014 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Near-term future of the Universe - three different scenarios, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario A: The Big Rip, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario B: The Heat death of the Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario C: The Big Crunch, Timeline of the Big Bang - Long-term future for a long-lived Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Degenerate Age - from 1014 to 1040 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Black Hole Age - from 1040 years to 10100 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Ultimate fate for a long-lived Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Dark Age - from 10100 years until 10150 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Photon Age - from 10150 years until the Distant Future Read more here: » Timeline of the Big Bang: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of the Big Bang - Overview |
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| | | | | baryogenesis: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of the Big Bang - Long-term future for a long-lived Universe
Timeline of the Big Bang - The Degenerate Age - from 1014 to 1040 years.
Stellar formation stops, leaving matter to decay over a very long period of time. The hydrogen fuel used for fusion by stars will be eventually depleted, leaving all matter in the Universe in a compact state populated by the following objects after all stars burn out:
Planets and planetoids (this category includes asteroids, comets, brown dwarfs, etc.)
brown dwarfs
< ...
See also:Timeline of the Big Bang, Timeline of the Big Bang - Introduction, Timeline of the Big Bang - Overview, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Big Bang and matter formation, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Primordial Age - from 0 years to 379000 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Planck Epoch, Timeline of the Big Bang - Galaxy and star formation, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Stelliferous Age - from 106 to 1014 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Near-term future of the Universe - three different scenarios, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario A: The Big Rip, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario B: The Heat death of the Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario C: The Big Crunch, Timeline of the Big Bang - Long-term future for a long-lived Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Degenerate Age - from 1014 to 1040 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Black Hole Age - from 1040 years to 10100 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Ultimate fate for a long-lived Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Dark Age - from 10100 years until 10150 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Photon Age - from 10150 years until the Distant Future Read more here: » Timeline of the Big Bang: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of the Big Bang - Long-term future for a long-lived Universe |
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| | | | | baryogenesis: Encyclopedia II - Antimatter - Antimatter production Scientists in 1995 succeeded in producing antiatoms of hydrogen, and also antideuterium nuclei, made out of an antiproton and an antineutron, but no antiatom more complex than antideuterium has been created yet. In principle, antiatoms of any element could be built from readily available sources of antiparticles. Such antiatoms would have exactly the same properties as their normal-matter counterparts. There is, however, no known practical or theoretical method by which ant ...
See also:Antimatter, Antimatter - History, Antimatter - Antimatter production, Antimatter - Notation, Antimatter - Antimatter as fuel, Antimatter - The Antiuniverse, Antimatter - Antimatter in popular culture Read more here: » Antimatter: Encyclopedia II - Antimatter - Antimatter production |
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| | | | | baryogenesis: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of the Big Bang - Near-term future of the Universe - three different scenarios
Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario A: The Big Rip.
This scenario is possible only if dark energy increases over time as the Universe expands. It's highly speculative since dark energy is poorly understood and it's questionable if it varies over time to such a degree that it causes every atom in the Universe to tear apart from the inside out. The summary of the theory goes that given enough time, not only do galaxies race away from each other but eventually so do stars, then planets, and eventually atoms and als ...
See also:Timeline of the Big Bang, Timeline of the Big Bang - Introduction, Timeline of the Big Bang - Overview, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Big Bang and matter formation, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Primordial Age - from 0 years to 379000 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Planck Epoch, Timeline of the Big Bang - Galaxy and star formation, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Stelliferous Age - from 106 to 1014 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Near-term future of the Universe - three different scenarios, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario A: The Big Rip, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario B: The Heat death of the Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario C: The Big Crunch, Timeline of the Big Bang - Long-term future for a long-lived Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Degenerate Age - from 1014 to 1040 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Black Hole Age - from 1040 years to 10100 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Ultimate fate for a long-lived Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Dark Age - from 10100 years until 10150 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Photon Age - from 10150 years until the Distant Future Read more here: » Timeline of the Big Bang: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of the Big Bang - Near-term future of the Universe - three different scenarios |
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| | | | | baryogenesis: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of the Big Bang - Galaxy and star formation
Timeline of the Big Bang - The Stelliferous Age - from 106 to 1014 years.
Hydrogen nuclei (protons) capture electrons, forming the first atoms. By now the Universe has created all the matter it will create and the resulting primordial hydrogen and helium are already clumping into primordial galaxies and quasars. Big Bang Era ends as we mov ...
See also:Timeline of the Big Bang, Timeline of the Big Bang - Introduction, Timeline of the Big Bang - Overview, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Big Bang and matter formation, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Primordial Age - from 0 years to 379000 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Planck Epoch, Timeline of the Big Bang - Galaxy and star formation, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Stelliferous Age - from 106 to 1014 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Near-term future of the Universe - three different scenarios, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario A: The Big Rip, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario B: The Heat death of the Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario C: The Big Crunch, Timeline of the Big Bang - Long-term future for a long-lived Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Degenerate Age - from 1014 to 1040 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Black Hole Age - from 1040 years to 10100 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Ultimate fate for a long-lived Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Dark Age - from 10100 years until 10150 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Photon Age - from 10150 years until the Distant Future Read more here: » Timeline of the Big Bang: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of the Big Bang - Galaxy and star formation |
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| | | | | baryogenesis: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of the Big Bang - Ultimate fate for a long-lived Universe
Timeline of the Big Bang - The Dark Age - from 10100 years until 10150 years.
The remaining black holes evaporate: first the small ones, and then the supermassive black holes. All matter that used to make up the stars and galaxies has now degenerated into photons.
Timeline of the Big Bang - The Photon Age - from 10150 years until the Distant Future.
The Universe now reaches extreme low-energy state. What happens after this is spe ...
See also:Timeline of the Big Bang, Timeline of the Big Bang - Introduction, Timeline of the Big Bang - Overview, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Big Bang and matter formation, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Primordial Age - from 0 years to 379000 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Planck Epoch, Timeline of the Big Bang - Galaxy and star formation, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Stelliferous Age - from 106 to 1014 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Near-term future of the Universe - three different scenarios, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario A: The Big Rip, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario B: The Heat death of the Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario C: The Big Crunch, Timeline of the Big Bang - Long-term future for a long-lived Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Degenerate Age - from 1014 to 1040 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Black Hole Age - from 1040 years to 10100 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Ultimate fate for a long-lived Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Dark Age - from 10100 years until 10150 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Photon Age - from 10150 years until the Distant Future Read more here: » Timeline of the Big Bang: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of the Big Bang - Ultimate fate for a long-lived Universe |
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| | | | | baryogenesis: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of the Big Bang - The Big Bang and matter formation
Timeline of the Big Bang - The Primordial Age - from 0 years to 379000 years.
The Universe, which includes time, space, and everything in it, begins with the Big Bang 13.7 ± 0.2 billion years ago. Data that pinpointed the Universe's estimated age and when the Big Bang occurred came from NASA's Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP). Extensive supporting data comes from the Hubble Space Telescope, among others. The earliest point of time scientists can theoretically pinpoint is the < ...
See also:Timeline of the Big Bang, Timeline of the Big Bang - Introduction, Timeline of the Big Bang - Overview, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Big Bang and matter formation, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Primordial Age - from 0 years to 379000 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Planck Epoch, Timeline of the Big Bang - Galaxy and star formation, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Stelliferous Age - from 106 to 1014 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Near-term future of the Universe - three different scenarios, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario A: The Big Rip, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario B: The Heat death of the Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario C: The Big Crunch, Timeline of the Big Bang - Long-term future for a long-lived Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Degenerate Age - from 1014 to 1040 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Black Hole Age - from 1040 years to 10100 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Ultimate fate for a long-lived Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Dark Age - from 10100 years until 10150 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Photon Age - from 10150 years until the Distant Future Read more here: » Timeline of the Big Bang: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of the Big Bang - The Big Bang and matter formation |
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| | | | | baryogenesis: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of the Big Bang - Introduction Most of the Big Bang theory's events are inferred from telescopic observations, particle accelerator experiments, and mathematical algorithms. These methods can reach deep into the past to tell us what occurred back then, but human beings are on their own when it comes to forecasting what is to come. It really is impossible to say what exactly might happen in the distant future. We can only infer what the Universe will be like. So as observations and theory become more fine-tuned, so will the timeline ...
See also:Timeline of the Big Bang, Timeline of the Big Bang - Introduction, Timeline of the Big Bang - Overview, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Big Bang and matter formation, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Primordial Age - from 0 years to 379000 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Planck Epoch, Timeline of the Big Bang - Galaxy and star formation, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Stelliferous Age - from 106 to 1014 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Near-term future of the Universe - three different scenarios, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario A: The Big Rip, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario B: The Heat death of the Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario C: The Big Crunch, Timeline of the Big Bang - Long-term future for a long-lived Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Degenerate Age - from 1014 to 1040 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Black Hole Age - from 1040 years to 10100 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Ultimate fate for a long-lived Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Dark Age - from 10100 years until 10150 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Photon Age - from 10150 years until the Distant Future Read more here: » Timeline of the Big Bang: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of the Big Bang - Introduction |
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| | | | | baryogenesis: Encyclopedia II - Big Bang nucleosynthesis - Non-standard BBN In addition to the standard BBN scenario there are numerous non-standard BBN scenarios. These should not be confused with non-standard cosmology: a non-standard BBN scenario assumes that the Big Bang occurred, but insert additional physics in order to see how this affects elemental abundances. These pieces of additional physics include relaxing or removing the assumption of homogeneity, or inserting new particles such as massive neutrinos.
There have been, and continue to be, various reasons for researching non-standard BBN. The first ...
See also:Big Bang nucleosynthesis, Big Bang nucleosynthesis - Sequence of BBN, Big Bang nucleosynthesis - History of Big Bang nucleosynthesis, Big Bang nucleosynthesis - Heavy elements, Big Bang nucleosynthesis - Helium-4, Big Bang nucleosynthesis - Deuterium, Big Bang nucleosynthesis - Status and Implications of BBN, Big Bang nucleosynthesis - Non-standard BBN Read more here: » Big Bang nucleosynthesis: Encyclopedia II - Big Bang nucleosynthesis - Non-standard BBN |
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| | | | | | baryogenesis: Encyclopedia II - Big Bang nucleosynthesis - Status and Implications of BBN The theory of BBN gives a detailed mathematical description of the production of the light "elements" deuterium, helium-3, helium-4, and lithium-7. Specifically, the theory yields precise quantitative predictions for the mixture of these elements, that is, the primordial abundances.
As noted above, in the standard picture of BBN, all of the light element abundances depend on the amount of ordinary matter (baryons) relative to radiation (photons). Since the universe is homogeneous, it has one unique (but initially unknown to us) value ...
See also:Big Bang nucleosynthesis, Big Bang nucleosynthesis - Sequence of BBN, Big Bang nucleosynthesis - History of Big Bang nucleosynthesis, Big Bang nucleosynthesis - Heavy elements, Big Bang nucleosynthesis - Helium-4, Big Bang nucleosynthesis - Deuterium, Big Bang nucleosynthesis - Status and Implications of BBN, Big Bang nucleosynthesis - Non-standard BBN Read more here: » Big Bang nucleosynthesis: Encyclopedia II - Big Bang nucleosynthesis - Status and Implications of BBN |
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| | | | | baryogenesis: Encyclopedia II - Antimatter - The Antiuniverse Dirac himself was the first to consider the existence of antimatter in an astronomical scale. But it was only after the confirmation of his theory, with the discovery of the positron, antiproton and antineutron that real speculation began on the possible existence of an antiuniverse. In the following years, motivated by basic symmetry principles, it was believed that the universe must consist of both matter and antimatter in equal amounts. If, however there were an isolated system of antimatter in the universe, free from interaction with ord ...
See also:Antimatter, Antimatter - History, Antimatter - Antimatter production, Antimatter - Notation, Antimatter - Antimatter as fuel, Antimatter - The Antiuniverse, Antimatter - Antimatter in popular culture Read more here: » Antimatter: Encyclopedia II - Antimatter - The Antiuniverse |
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| | | | | baryogenesis: Encyclopedia II - Antimatter - History In 1928 Paul Dirac developed a relativistic equation for the electron, now known as the Dirac equation. Curiously, the equation was found to have negative energy solutions in addition to the normal positive ones. This presented a problem, as electrons tend toward the lowest possible energy level; energies of negative infinity are nonsensical. As a way of getting around this, Dirac proposed that the vacuum can be considered a "sea" of negative energy, the Dirac sea. Any electrons would th ...
See also:Antimatter, Antimatter - History, Antimatter - Antimatter production, Antimatter - Notation, Antimatter - Antimatter as fuel, Antimatter - The Antiuniverse, Antimatter - Antimatter in popular culture Read more here: » Antimatter: Encyclopedia II - Antimatter - History |
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| | | | | baryogenesis: Encyclopedia II - Antimatter - Antimatter production Scientists in 1995 succeeded in producing antiatoms of hydrogen, and also antideuterium nuclei, made out of an antiproton and an antineutron, but no antiatom more complex than antideuterium has been created yet. In principle, antiatoms of any element could be built from readily available sources of antiparticles. Such antiatoms would have exactly the same properties as their normal-matter counterparts. The production of antielements in bulk quantitie ...
See also:Antimatter, Antimatter - History, Antimatter - Antimatter production, Antimatter - Notation, Antimatter - Antimatter as fuel, Antimatter - The Antiuniverse, Antimatter - Antimatter in popular culture Read more here: » Antimatter: Encyclopedia II - Antimatter - Antimatter production |
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| | | | | | baryogenesis: Encyclopedia II - Big Bang - Overview Based on measurements of the expansion of the Universe using Type Ia supernovae, measurements of the lumpiness of the cosmic microwave background, and measurements of the correlation function of galaxies, the Universe has a calculated age of 13.7 ± 0.2 billion years. The agreement of these three independent measurements is considered strong evidence for the so-called ΛCDM model that describes the detailed na ...
See also:Big Bang, Big Bang - History, Big Bang - Overview, Big Bang - Theoretical underpinnings, Big Bang - Observational evidence, Big Bang - Hubble's law expansion, Big Bang - Cosmic microwave background radiation, Big Bang - Abundance of primordial elements, Big Bang - Galactic evolution and distribution, Big Bang - Features issues and problems, Big Bang - Horizon problem, Big Bang - Flatness problem, Big Bang - Magnetic monopoles, Big Bang - Baryon asymmetry, Big Bang - Globular cluster age, Big Bang - Dark matter, Big Bang - Dark energy, Big Bang - The future according to the Big Bang theory, Big Bang - Speculative physics beyond the Big Bang, Big Bang - Philosophical and religious interpretations Read more here: » Big Bang: Encyclopedia II - Big Bang - Overview |
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| | | | | baryogenesis: Encyclopedia II - Big Bang - Theoretical underpinnings As it stands today, the Big Bang is dependent on three assumptions:
The universality of physical laws
The cosmological principle
The Copernican principle
When first developed, these ideas were simply taken as postulates, but today there are efforts underway to test each of them. Tests of the universality of physical laws have found that the largest possible deviation of the fine structure constant over the age of the Universe is of order 10-5. The isotropy of the Universe that defines t ...
See also:Big Bang, Big Bang - History, Big Bang - Overview, Big Bang - Theoretical underpinnings, Big Bang - Observational evidence, Big Bang - Hubble's law expansion, Big Bang - Cosmic microwave background radiation, Big Bang - Abundance of primordial elements, Big Bang - Galactic evolution and distribution, Big Bang - Features issues and problems, Big Bang - Horizon problem, Big Bang - Flatness problem, Big Bang - Magnetic monopoles, Big Bang - Baryon asymmetry, Big Bang - Globular cluster age, Big Bang - Dark matter, Big Bang - Dark energy, Big Bang - The future according to the Big Bang theory, Big Bang - Speculative physics beyond the Big Bang, Big Bang - Philosophical and religious interpretations Read more here: » Big Bang: Encyclopedia II - Big Bang - Theoretical underpinnings |
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| | | | | | baryogenesis: Encyclopedia II - Physical cosmology - History of physical cosmology Modern cosmology developed along tandem observational and theoretical tracks. In 1915, Albert Einstein developed his theory of general relativity. At the time, physicists were prejudiced to believe in a perfectly static universe without beginning or end. Einstein added a cosmological constant to his theory to try to force it to allow for a static universe with matter in it. The so-called Einstein universe is, however, unstable. It is bound to eventually start expanding or contracting. The cosmological solutions of general relativity were found by Alexander Friedmann, whose equations describe the Friedman ...
See also:Physical cosmology, Physical cosmology - History of physical cosmology, Physical cosmology - Areas of study, Physical cosmology - The very early universe, Physical cosmology - Big bang nucleosynthesis, Physical cosmology - Cosmic microwave background, Physical cosmology - Formation and evolution of large-scale structure, Physical cosmology - Dark matter, Physical cosmology - Dark energy, Physical cosmology - Other areas of inquiry, Physical cosmology - External references, Physical cosmology - From groups, Physical cosmology - From individuals Read more here: » Physical cosmology: Encyclopedia II - Physical cosmology - History of physical cosmology |
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