Balkan linguistic union

Balkan linguistic union or Balkansprachbund is a name given to the similarities in grammar, syntax, vocabulary and phonology found in the languages of the Balkans, which belong to various Indo-European branches, such as Albanian, Greek, Romance and Slavic. While the common vocabulary between each language is relatively small, the grammars of the languages have a high degree of similarity, among which the adoption of a standard case system and a movement toward analyzation. Balkan linguistic union - History< ...

Including:

• Balkan linguistic union - History
• Balkan linguistic union - Languages
• Balkan linguistic union - Origins
• Balkan linguistic union - Thracian Dacian or Illyrian
• Balkan linguistic union - Greek
• Balkan linguistic union - Latin and Romance
• Balkan linguistic union - Multiple sources
• Balkan linguistic union - Timeline of contacts
• Balkan linguistic union - Features
• Balkan linguistic union - Grammatical features
• Balkan linguistic union - Vocabulary
• Balkan linguistic union - Phonetics

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Balkan linguistic union - Grammatical features. The number of cases is reduced, several cases being replaced with prepositions, the only exception being Serbian. A common case system of a Balkan language is: Nominative Accusative (using prepositions and the form in the nominative case) Dative / Genitive (merged) Vocative In the Balkan languages, the genitive and dative cases (or corresponding prepositional constructions) are merged. Example: (Dadoh knigata na Mariya ...

See also:

Balkan linguistic union, Balkan linguistic union - History, Balkan linguistic union - Languages, Balkan linguistic union - Origins, Balkan linguistic union - Thracian Dacian or Illyrian, Balkan linguistic union - Greek, Balkan linguistic union - Latin and Romance, Balkan linguistic union - Multiple sources, Balkan linguistic union - Timeline of contacts, Balkan linguistic union - Features, Balkan linguistic union - Grammatical features, Balkan linguistic union - Vocabulary, Balkan linguistic union - Phonetics

Read more here: » Balkan linguistic union: Encyclopedia II - Balkan linguistic union - Features

The Balkans is the historic and geographic name used to describe a region of south-eastern Europe. The region has a combined area of 728,000 km² and a population of around 53 million. The region takes its name from the Balkan mountains which run through the centre of Bulgaria into eastern Serbia. Balkans - Definitions and boundaries. Balkans - Balkan Peninsula. The Balkans are sometimes referred to as the "Balkan Peninsula" as they are surrounded by ...

Including:

• Balkans - Definitions and boundaries
• Balkans - Balkan Peninsula
• Balkans - The Balkans
• Balkans - Etymology and evolving meaning
• Balkans - Southeastern Europe
• Balkans - Ambiguities and controversies
• Balkans - Current common definition
• Balkans - Related countries
• Balkans - Nature and natural resources
• Balkans - History and geopolitical significance
• Balkans - Population composition by nationality and religion

Read more here: » Balkans: Encyclopedia - Balkans

Balkans - Balkan Peninsula. The Balkans are sometimes referred to as the "Balkan Peninsula" as they are surrounded by water on three sides: the Black Sea to the east and branches of the Mediterranean Sea to the south and west (including the Adriatic, Ionian, Aegean and Marmara seas). While it is not geographically a peninsula as it has no isthmus to connect it to the mainland of Europe, this name is nonetheless commonly used to denote the wider region. ...

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Balkans, Balkans - Definitions and boundaries, Balkans - Balkan Peninsula, Balkans - The Balkans, Balkans - Etymology and evolving meaning, Balkans - Southeastern Europe, Balkans - Ambiguities and controversies, Balkans - Current common definition, Balkans - Related countries, Balkans - Nature and natural resources, Balkans - History and geopolitical significance, Balkans - Population composition by nationality and religion

Read more here: » Balkans: Encyclopedia II - Balkans - Definitions and boundaries

Some of the features of Torlakian clearly tell the story of how Macedonian yields to Bulgarian, and they in turn yield into Serbia's tongue. Torlakian dialect - Cases lacking inflections. Macedonian and Bulgarian are on record as being the only two modern Slavic languages to have lost virtually the entire noun case system, with nearly all nouns spoken in the surviving nominative case. That is the case with Torlakian dialect as well; in the north-west, the instrumental merges into the genitive. The locative ...

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Torlakian dialect, Torlakian dialect - Classification, Torlakian dialect - Notes on speech, Torlakian dialect - Features, Torlakian dialect - Cases lacking inflections, Torlakian dialect - Lack of phoneme h, Torlakian dialect - Syllabic l, Torlakian dialect - Modern Injustice, Torlakian dialect - Assimilation of Torlaks, Torlakian dialect - Literature

Read more here: » Torlakian dialect: Encyclopedia II - Torlakian dialect - Features

Balkan languages - Romance languages. Romanian Aromanian Meglenitic Italian (on the Adriatic coast) Ladino (in Greece and Turkey) Balkan languages - Slavic languages. Bosnian Bulgarian Serbian Macedonian Croatian Slovenian Balkan languages - Indo-Aryan languages. Romany ...

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Balkan languages, Balkan languages - Indo-European languages, Balkan languages - Romance languages, Balkan languages - Slavic languages, Balkan languages - Indo-Aryan languages, Balkan languages - Turkish languages, Balkan languages - Ibero-Caucasian languages, Balkan languages - Extinct languages

Read more here: » Balkan languages: Encyclopedia II - Balkan languages - Indo-European languages

In linguistics, an areal feature is any typological feature shared by languages within the same geographical area. Resemblances between two or more languages (whether typological or in vocabulary) can be due to genetic relation (descent from a common ancestor language), or due to borrowing at some time in the past between languages that were not necessarily genetically related. When little or no direct documentation of ancestor languages is available, it ...

Including:

• Areal feature linguistics - Bibliography

Read more here: » Areal feature linguistics: Encyclopedia - Areal feature linguistics

Bulgarian is an Indo-European language, a member of the Southern branch of the Slavic languages. Bulgarian demonstrates several linguistic innovations that set it apart from other Slavic languages, such as the elimination of noun declension, the development of a suffixed definite article (possibly inherited from the Bulgar language), the lack of a verb infinitive, and the retention and further development of the proto-Slavic verb system. There are various verb fo ...

Including:

• Bulgarian language - History
• Bulgarian language - Alphabet
• Bulgarian language - Phonetics
• Bulgarian language - Vowels
• Bulgarian language - Semivowels
• Bulgarian language - Consonants
• Bulgarian language - Grammar
• Bulgarian language - Nominal morphology
• Bulgarian language - Verbal morphology and grammar
• Bulgarian language - Vocabulary
• Bulgarian language - Syntax
• Bulgarian language - Common Bulgarian expressions

Read more here: » Bulgarian language: Encyclopedia - Bulgarian language

Albania: 5,000 Argentina: 30,0004 Austria: 50,0003 Canada: 15,1951 (2001) - 150,0004 Czech Republic: 10,0003 France: 20,0003 Germany: 120,0003 Greece: 37,2302 (2001) - 170,0003 Hungary: 3,0001 (2001) Italy: 100,0003 Kazakhs ...

Including:

• Bulgarians - Population
• Bulgarians - Culture
• Bulgarians - Contribution to humanity
• Bulgarians - Language
• Bulgarians - Name System
• Bulgarians - Religion
• Bulgarians - Symbols
• Bulgarians - Customs
• Bulgarians - Name
• Bulgarians - Relation with other peoples
• Bulgarians - Toponyms
• Bulgarians - Antroponyms
• Bulgarians - History
• Bulgarians - Bulgars and Slavs
• Bulgarians - Medieval history
• Bulgarians - Ottoman domination
• Bulgarians - Bulgarian revival period
• Bulgarians - 20th century Bulgarians
• Bulgarians - Population data

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An article is a word that is put next to a noun to indicate the type of reference being made by the noun. Articles can have various functions: a definite article (English the) indicates, among other things, that an entity has been identified as unique in some way (The cat on the mat is black.) an indefinite article (English a, an) indicates, among other things, that an entity has not been identified as unique (A cat is a mammal vs The cat on the mat is bl ...

Including:

• Article grammar - Presence in various languages
• Article grammar - The the English grammatical article
• Article grammar - Usage
• Article grammar - Bibliography

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Most of the area is covered by mountain ranges running from south-west to north-east. The main ranges are the Dinaric Alps in Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia, the Šar massif which spreads from Albania to Republic of Macedonia and the Pindus range, spanning from southern Albania into central Greece. In Bulgaria there are ranges running from east to west: the Balkan mountains and the Rhodope mountains at the border with Greece. The highest mountain of the region is Musala in Bulgaria at 2925 m, with Mount Olympus in Greece being second at 2919 m ...

See also:

Balkans, Balkans - Definitions and boundaries, Balkans - Balkan Peninsula, Balkans - The Balkans, Balkans - Etymology and evolving meaning, Balkans - Southeastern Europe, Balkans - Ambiguities and controversies, Balkans - Current common definition, Balkans - Related countries, Balkans - Nature and natural resources, Balkans - History and geopolitical significance, Balkans - Population composition by nationality and religion

Read more here: » Balkans: Encyclopedia II - Balkans - Nature and natural resources

An analytic language (or isolating language) is a language in which the vast majority of morphemes are free morphemes and considered to be full-fledged "words". By contrast, in a synthetic language, a word is composed of agglutinated or fused morphemes that denote its syntactic meanings. Analytic language - Features of analytic languages. Analytic languages often express abstract concepts using independent words, while synthetic languages tend to use adpositions, affixes and internal modifica ...

Including:

• Analytic language - Features of analytic languages

Read more here: » Analytic language: Encyclopedia - Analytic language

The Balkan region was the first area of Europe to experience the arrival of farming cultures in the Neolithic era. The practices of growing grain and raising livestock arrived in the Balkans from the Fertile Crescent by way of Anatolia, and spread west and north into Pannonia and Central Europe. In pre-classical and classical antiquity, this region was home to Greeks, Illyrians, Paeonians, Thracians, and other ancient groups. Later the Roman Empire conquered most of the region and spread Roman culture and the Latin language but signif ...

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Balkans, Balkans - Definitions and boundaries, Balkans - Balkan Peninsula, Balkans - The Balkans, Balkans - Etymology and evolving meaning, Balkans - Southeastern Europe, Balkans - Ambiguities and controversies, Balkans - Current common definition, Balkans - Related countries, Balkans - Nature and natural resources, Balkans - History and geopolitical significance, Balkans - Population composition by nationality and religion

Read more here: » Balkans: Encyclopedia II - Balkans - History and geopolitical significance

One of the earliest literary monuments influenced by Torlakian dialects is Manuscript from Temska from 1762 in which its author Kiril Zhivkovich from Pirot considered its language like Simple Bulgarian. Serbian writer Bora Stanković used a lot of Torlakian dialect in his novels, which describe the life of people in Southern Serbia in early 20th century. Comedian writer Stevan Sremac, although born in Vojvodina, spent a portion of his life in southern Serbia, and his novels Zona Zamfirova and Ivkova slava depic ...

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Torlakian dialect, Torlakian dialect - Classification, Torlakian dialect - Notes on speech, Torlakian dialect - Features, Torlakian dialect - Cases lacking inflections, Torlakian dialect - Lack of phoneme h, Torlakian dialect - Syllabic l, Torlakian dialect - Modern Injustice, Torlakian dialect - Assimilation of Torlaks, Torlakian dialect - Literature

Read more here: » Torlakian dialect: Encyclopedia II - Torlakian dialect - Literature

Most of the area is covered by mountain ranges running from south-west to north-east. The main ranges are the Dinaric Alps in Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia, the Šar massif which spreads from Albania to Republic of Macedonia and the Pindus range, spanning from southern Albania into central Greece. In Bulgaria there are ranges running from east to west: the Balkan mountains and the Rhodope mountains at the border with Greece. The highest mountain of the region is Musala in Bulgaria at 2925 m, with Mount Olympus in Greece, the throne of Zeus, being second a ...

See also:

Balkans, Balkans - Definitions and boundaries, Balkans - Balkan Peninsula, Balkans - The Balkans, Balkans - Etymology and evolving meaning, Balkans - Southeastern Europe, Balkans - Ambiguities and controversies, Balkans - Current common definition, Balkans - Related countries, Balkans - Nature and natural resources, Balkans - History and geopolitical significance, Balkans - Population composition by nationality and religion

Read more here: » Balkans: Encyclopedia II - Balkans - Nature and natural resources

A language is a system of symbols, generally known as lexemes and the rules by which they are manipulated. The word language is also used to refer to the whole phenomenon of language, i.e., the common properties of languages. Though language is commonly used for communication, it is not synonymous with it. Human language is a natural phenomenon, and language learning is instinctive in childhood. In their natural form, human languages use patterns of sound or gesture for the symbols in order to communicate with others through the senses. Though there are thousands of human languages, they all share a number of prope ...

Including:

• Language - Properties of language
• Language - Human languages
• Language - Origins of human language
• Language - Language taxonomy
• Language - Constructed languages
• Language - The study of language
• Language - Animal nonhuman language
• Language - Formal languages

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The region's principal nationalities include Greeks (10.5 million, with about 10 million of them being in Greece), Turks (9.2 million in the European part of Turkey), Serbs (8.5 million), Bulgarians (7 million), Albanians (6 million, with about 3.3 millions of them being in Albania), Croats (4.5 million), Bosniaks (2.4 million), Macedonian Slavs (1.4 million) and Montenegrins (0.265 million). If Romania and Slovenia are included, then also Romanians (26 million) and Slovenians (2 million). Practically all Balkan countries have a smaller or l ...

See also:

Balkans, Balkans - Definitions and boundaries, Balkans - Balkan Peninsula, Balkans - The Balkans, Balkans - Etymology and evolving meaning, Balkans - Southeastern Europe, Balkans - Ambiguities and controversies, Balkans - Current common definition, Balkans - Related countries, Balkans - Nature and natural resources, Balkans - History and geopolitical significance, Balkans - Population composition by nationality and religion

Read more here: » Balkans: Encyclopedia II - Balkans - Population composition by nationality and religion

The region's principal nationalities include Turks (12.3 million, 11 million of them inhabiting Turkish Thrace), Greeks (10.5 million, with about 10 million of them being in Greece), Serbs (8.5 million), Bulgarians (7.5 million), Albanians (6 million, with about 3.3 millions of them being in Albania), Croats (4.5 million), Bosniaks (2.4 million), Macedonian Slavs (1.4 million) and Montenegrins (0.265 million). If Romania and Slovenia are included, then also Romanians (26 million) and Slovenians (2 million). Practically all Balkan countries h ...

See also:

Balkans, Balkans - Definitions and boundaries, Balkans - Balkan Peninsula, Balkans - The Balkans, Balkans - Etymology and evolving meaning, Balkans - Southeastern Europe, Balkans - Ambiguities and controversies, Balkans - Current common definition, Balkans - Related countries, Balkans - Nature and natural resources, Balkans - History and geopolitical significance, Balkans - Population composition by nationality and religion

Read more here: » Balkans: Encyclopedia II - Balkans - Population composition by nationality and religion

The region's principal nationalities include Greeks (10.5 million, with about 10 million of them being in Greece), Turks (9.2 million in the European part of Turkey), Serbs (8.5 million), Bulgarians (7.5 million), Albanians (6 million, with about 3.3 millions of them being in Albania), Croats (4.5 million), Bosniaks (2.4 million), Macedonian Slavs (1.4 million) and Montenegrins (0.265 million). If Romania and Slovenia are included, then also Romanians (26 million) and Slovenians (2 million). Practically all Balkan countries have a smaller or ...

See also:

Balkans, Balkans - Definitions and boundaries, Balkans - Balkan Peninsula, Balkans - The Balkans, Balkans - Etymology and evolving meaning, Balkans - Southeastern Europe, Balkans - Ambiguities and controversies, Balkans - Current common definition, Balkans - Related countries, Balkans - Nature and natural resources, Balkans - History and geopolitical significance, Balkans - Population composition by nationality and religion

Read more here: » Balkans: Encyclopedia II - Balkans - Population composition by nationality and religion

Standard languages Croatian, Bosnian and Serbian are all based on neo-štokavian dialect. However, it must be stressed that standard languages, irrespectively of their mutual differences, have been stylised in such manners that parts of the neo-štokavian dialect have been retained — for instance, declension — but other features were purposely omitted or altered — for instance, the phoneme "h" was re-instated in standard languages. Croatian language has had the longest tradition of štokavian vernacular literacy and liter ...

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Shtokavian dialect, Shtokavian dialect - Early history of štokavian, Shtokavian dialect - Štokavian dialects, Shtokavian dialect - The oldest dialects, Shtokavian dialect - Newer dialects, Shtokavian dialect - The yat reflexes, Shtokavian dialect - Ethnic affiliation of native speakers of štokavian dialect, Shtokavian dialect - Earliest texts of štokavian dialect, Shtokavian dialect - Standard languages, Shtokavian dialect - Also see

Read more here: » Shtokavian dialect: Encyclopedia II - Shtokavian dialect - Standard languages