Bacillus anthracis is a rod-shaped Gram-positive bacterium of size about 1 by 6 micrometres. It was the first bacterium ever to be shown to cause disease, by Robert Koch in 1877. The bacteria normally rest in spore form in the soil, and can survive for decades in this state. Once taken in by an herbivore, the bacteria start multiplying inside the animal and eventually kill it, then continue to reproduce in the carcass. Once they run out of nutrients there, they revert back to the dormant spore state. The infection of herbivores ...

See also:

Anthrax, Anthrax - Exposure, Anthrax - Means of infection, Anthrax - Pulmonary pneumonic respiratory inhalation anthrax, Anthrax - Gastrointestinal gastroenteric anthrax, Anthrax - Cutaneous skin anthrax, Anthrax - Treatment and prevention, Anthrax - Site cleanup, Anthrax - Description of the bacterium, Anthrax - Biological warfare, Anthrax - Pasteur

Read more here: » Anthrax: Encyclopedia II - Anthrax - Description of the bacterium

See also:

Tuberculosis, Tuberculosis - Other names for the disease, Tuberculosis - The bacterium, Tuberculosis - The disease, Tuberculosis - Transmission, Tuberculosis - Pathogenesis, Tuberculosis - Progression, Tuberculosis - Drug resistance, Tuberculosis - Diagnosis, Tuberculosis - Treatment, Tuberculosis - Prevention, Tuberculosis - BCG vaccine, Tuberculosis - Tuberculosis vaccine, Tuberculosis - Animals, Tuberculosis - History, Tuberculosis - Tuberculosis in art literature history and film

Read more here: » Tuberculosis: Encyclopedia II - Tuberculosis - The bacterium

H. pylori is a spiral-shaped gram-negative bacterium, about 3 micrometres long with a diameter of about 0.5 micrometre. It has 4-6 flagella. It is microaerophilic, i.e. it requires oxygen but at lower levels than those contained in the atmosphere. It uses hydrogen methanogenesis as an energy source. It tests positive for oxidase and catalase. With its flagella and its spiral shape, the bacterium drills into the mucus layer of the stomach, and then can either be found suspended in the gastric mucosa or attached to epithelial cel ...

See also:

Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter pylori - History, Helicobacter pylori - Structure of the bacterium, Helicobacter pylori - Infection and diagnosis, Helicobacter pylori - Treatment, Helicobacter pylori - Gastric cancer connection, Helicobacter pylori - Acid reflux and esophageal cancer, Helicobacter pylori - Genome studies of different strains

Read more here: » Helicobacter pylori: Encyclopedia II - Helicobacter pylori - Structure of the bacterium

Tuberculosis (commonly shortened to TB) is an infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly affects the lungs (pulmonary TB) but can also affect the central nervous system (meningitis), lymphatic system, circulatory system (Miliary tuberculosis), genitourinary system, bones and joints. Tuberculosis is the most common major infectious disease today, infecting two billion people or one-third of the world's population, with nine million new cases of active disease annually, resulting in ...

Including:

• Tuberculosis - Other names for the disease
• Tuberculosis - The bacterium
• Tuberculosis - The disease
• Tuberculosis - Transmission
• Tuberculosis - Pathogenesis
• Tuberculosis - Progression
• Tuberculosis - Drug resistance
• Tuberculosis - Diagnosis
• Tuberculosis - Treatment
• Tuberculosis - Prevention
• Tuberculosis - BCG vaccine
• Tuberculosis - Tuberculosis vaccine
• Tuberculosis - Animals
• Tuberculosis - History
• Tuberculosis - Tuberculosis in art literature history and film

Read more here: » Tuberculosis: Encyclopedia - Tuberculosis

Syphilis (historically called lues) is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that is caused by a spirochaete bacterium, Treponema pallidum. Syphilis has many alternate names, such as: Miss Siff, the Pox, and has been given many national attributions, e.g. the "French disease" or the "English disease". The route of transmission for syphilis is almost invariably by sexual contact; however, there are examples of direct contact infections (see yaws) and of congenital syphili ...

Including:

• Syphilis - History
• Syphilis - Stages of syphilis
• Syphilis - Primary syphilis
• Syphilis - Secondary syphilis
• Syphilis - Tertiary syphilis
• Syphilis - Latent syphilis
• Syphilis - Congenital syphilis
• Syphilis - Testing
• Syphilis - Treatment
• Syphilis - Syphilis in art and literature

Read more here: » Syphilis: Encyclopedia - Syphilis

Anthrax, also referred to as splenic fever, is an acute infectious disease caused by the bacteria Bacillus anthracis and is highly lethal in its most virulent form. Anthrax most commonly occurs in wild and domestic herbivores, but it can also occur in humans when they are exposed to infected animals, tissue from infected animals, or high concentrations of anthrax spores. Still there are no cases of people who got sick through contact with a diseased person. The word anthrax is derived from the Greek word anthrakis, which means "coal", and is us ...

Including:

• Anthrax - Exposure
• Anthrax - Means of infection
• Anthrax - Pulmonary pneumonic respiratory inhalation anthrax
• Anthrax - Gastrointestinal gastroenteric anthrax
• Anthrax - Cutaneous skin anthrax
• Anthrax - Treatment and prevention
• Anthrax - Site cleanup
• Anthrax - Description of the bacterium
• Anthrax - Biological warfare
• Anthrax - Pasteur

Read more here: » Anthrax: Encyclopedia - Anthrax

Bacillus thuringiensis is a bacterium that lives in the soil, in the caterpillars of some moths and butterflies and also on the surface of plants. It was discovered 1901 in Japan and 1911 in Germany by Ernst Berliner (he discovered a disease called "Schlaffsucht" in caterpillars of the flour moth). It seems that it is the same organism as B. cereus, a soil bacterium, and B. anthracis, the cause of anthrax; the three organisms only differ in their plasmids. Like other members of the ...

Read more here: » Bacillus thuringiensis: Encyclopedia - Bacillus thuringiensis

Vibrio fischeri is a rod-shaped bacterium found globally in the marine environments. It has bioluminescent properties, and is found predominately in symbiosis with various marine animals, such as the Bobtail squid. It is heterotrophic and moves by means of flagella. Free living vibrios survive on decaying organic matter (see saprophyte). The bacterium is a key research organism for examination of microbial fluorescence and bacterial-animal symbiosis. Vibrio fischeri - Ecology. Planktonic V. fische ...

Including:

• Vibrio fischeri - Ecology
• Vibrio fischeri - Symbiotic relationship
• Vibrio fischeri - Bioluminescence
• Vibrio fischeri - Genetics of bioluminescence
• Vibrio fischeri - List of pseudonyms

Read more here: » Vibrio fischeri: Encyclopedia - Vibrio fischeri

Bacterial gliding is a process whereby a bacterium can move under its own power. This process does not involve the use of flagella, which is a more common means of motility in bacteria. For many bacteria, the mechanism of gliding is unknown or only partially known, and it seems likely that in fact different bacteria use distinct mechanisms to achieve what is currently referred to as gliding. Gliding is prominent in cyan

Read more here: » Bacterial gliding: Encyclopedia - Bacterial gliding

Yaws (also Frambesia tropica, thymosis, polypapilloma tropicum or pian) is a tropical infection of the skin, bones and joints caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pertenue. Other treponematosis diseases are bejel (Treponema endemicum), pinta (Treponema carateum), and syphilis (Treponema pallidum). The disease is transmitted by skin contact with infected individuals, the spirochete entering through an existing cut or similar damage. Within ninety days (but usually l ...

Read more here: » Yaws: Encyclopedia - Yaws

Vibrio cholerae is a gram negative bacterium with a curved-rod shape that causes cholera in humans. It and other species of the genus Vibrio belong to the gamma subdivision of the Proteobacteria. There are two major strains, classic and El Tor, and numerous other serogroups. It colonizes the gut, where it adheres to villous absorptive cells via filaments, and secretes a toxin, c ...

Read more here: » Vibrio cholerae: Encyclopedia - Vibrio cholerae

Microbiology (in Greek micron = small and biologia = studying life) is the study of microorganisms, including viruses, viroids, prions, prokaryotes and simple eukaryotes (e.g. molds and fungi). Microbes represent ideal model systems for study due to the fact that many can be grown quickly and easily in genetically uniform cultures (e.g. agar), which allows for the production of biological materials (e.g. protein or DNA) in reasonable quantities quickly, safely and inexpensively. However, viruses, viroids, and prions cann ...

Read more here: » Microbiology: Encyclopedia - Microbiology

Bacillus anthracis Bacillus cereus Bacillus coagulans Bacillus natto Bacillus subtilis Bacillus thuringiensis etc. Bacillus is a genus of rod-shaped bacteria. The word "bacillus" is also used to describe any rod-shaped bacterium, and in this sense, bacilli are found in many different groups of bacteria. When the particular genus Bacillus is referred to, it is capitalized and italicized. Likewise, Bacilli refers to the particular class Bacillus belongs ...

Read more here: » Bacillus: Encyclopedia - Bacillus

Primary syphilis is manifested after an incubation period of 10-90 days (average 21 days) after exposure with a primary sore. The sore, called a chancre, is localized at the point of initial exposure to the bacterium, often on the penis, vagina or rectum. Other related archivespenis, rectum, syphilis, vagina

Read more here: » Chancre: Encyclopedia - Chancre

The only licensed human anthrax vaccine in the United States, AVA, is produced by BioPort Corporation in Lansing, Michigan. The anthrax vaccine is cultured from a toxigenic, nonencapsulated strain known as V770-NP1-R. No living organisms are present in the vaccine.[1] Anthrax is an acute infectious disease, caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis, that most commonly occurs in wild and domestic mammals. Anthrax occurs in ...

Including:

• Anthrax vaccine - Vaccination schedule
• Anthrax vaccine - Adjuvant
• Anthrax vaccine - Controversy
• Anthrax vaccine - Bioterrorism preparedness
• Anthrax vaccine - Development of a new vaccine

Read more here: » Anthrax vaccine: Encyclopedia - Anthrax vaccine

Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Amikacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Amikacin may be administered once or twice a day but must be given by the intravenous or intramuscular route. There is no oral form available. Dosage ...

Read more here: » Amikacin: Encyclopedia - Amikacin

Chrysiogenes arsenatis is a species of bacterium given its own phylum or division, called the Chrysiogenetes. It has a unique lifestyle and biochemistry. It is a chemolithoautotroph meaning that it uses chemical means to digest rock for energy and does not require organic matter for its existence. In this organisms case, it eats arsenic. Arsenic is usually toxic to life, but these organisms use arsenite, an oxidized form of arsenic, as an electron donor to create energy. Chrysiogenes arsenatis is found in e

Read more here: » Chrysiogenes: Encyclopedia - Chrysiogenes

Chloramphenicol D06AX02 Chloramphenicol (or 2,2-dichlor-N-[(aR,bR)-b-hydroxy-a-hydroxymethyl-4-nitrophenethyl]acetamide) is an antibiotic that was derived from the bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae and is now produced synthetically. Chloramphenicol is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms, but due to serious side-effects (e.g., damage to the bone marrow, including aplastic anemia) in humans, it is usually reserved for the treatment of serious ...

Including:

• Chloramphenicol - Mechanism and Resistance
• Chloramphenicol - Codes

Read more here: » Chloramphenicol: Encyclopedia - Chloramphenicol

Campylobacter jejuni is a species of curved, rod-shaped bacterium commonly found in animal faeces. It is one of the most common causes of human diarrhoea in developed countries. Food poisoning caused by Campylobacter species can be severely debilitating but is rarely life-threatening. It has been linked with subsequent development of the neurodegenerative disease Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). It is commonly associated with chickens and has been found in wombat and kangaroo faeces, being a cause of bushwalkers' dia ...

Including:

• Campylobacter jejuni - Laboratory indications
• Campylobacter jejuni - Reference

Read more here: » Campylobacter jejuni: Encyclopedia - Campylobacter jejuni

Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious disease that is one of the leading causes of vaccine-preventable deaths. There are 30–50 million cases per year, and about 300,000 deaths per year. Virtually all deaths occur in children under one year of age. Ninety percent of all cases occur in developing countries. It is caused by certain species of the bacterium Bordetella—usually B. pertussis, but s ...

Including:

• Pertussis - Characterization
• Pertussis - Transmission
• Pertussis - Vaccines
• Pertussis - Other notes

Read more here: » Pertussis: Encyclopedia - Pertussis