Actinobacteria Aquificae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Nitrospirae Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfo ...

Including:

• Bacteria - History and taxonomy
• Bacteria - Metabolism
• Bacteria - Movement
• Bacteria - Groups and identification
• Bacteria - Benefits and dangers
• Bacteria - Miscellaneous
• Bacteria - Sources

Read more here: » Bacteria: Encyclopedia - Bacteria

Definition and meaning of bacteria:

bacteria - a major group of living organisms in the kingdom Monera. They are microscopic and mostly unicellular, with a relatively simple cell structure lacking a cell nucleus, cytoskeleton, and organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. Bacteria are genetically distinct from protists, fungi, plants, and animals. Many species of bacteria are pathogenic to other organisms, including humans

(Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) )

Also see these pages: Oceanography, Oceanography Sitemap, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

Bacteria A numerous and varied class of microorganisms which exist in the air, earth, water, and in and on the bodies of plants, animals, and men. Bacteria, like all manifested things, are dual in action, being both beneficial and injurious to others: some of them provide the necessary enzymes for functional use, and others produce dangerous toxins. They are vital factors throughout the plant and animal kingdoms between which they are an organic link; and they are also a medium of contact between the astral and physical planes. As such they serve as material agents for certain phases of the operations of the laws of nature on the terrestrial plane.

Bacteria, then, are a host of visible and invisible agents which, on our plane, subconsciously carry out many processes of evolutionary life and death. They are links in the karmic chain by which the divine recorders, who follow the immutable laws in the universal mind, return to each being the results of whatever it was the antecedent cause.

Thus the bacteria of a disease will multiply and produce their injurious toxins only when the karmic conditions within or surrounding the individual provide a suitable culture-medium for them. Even then, the toxemia may or may not be modified or overcome by the natural antitoxins of the blood aided by competent medical treatment. The typical disease germs found inactive in healthy throats, etc., are instances of a karma which, paradoxically, provides a dangerous contact with individual protection. The healthy person may be an unconscious carrier of the disease germ to someone who is due to reap the full effects of causes he had set in motion at some time.

The selective functions of these creative and destructive microorganisms are impersonally, and as it were automatically, directed by the invisible hierarchy of intelligences which guide the nature forces and so affect us physically and metaphysically as we have merited. The whole process is as natural as the analogous way in which a person's trillions of body cells are dominated by, and react to, the stimulation or depression of his harmonious or discordant state of mind and emotions. Both cells and bacteria are living entities, sentient but not intelligent in the human sense.

The typical appearance of bacteria in certain diseases gives them a place as diagnostic signatures of physical conditions. But to regard them as the primal cause of the disease is mistaking the phenomena for the noumena which is working out karmic effects.

(See also: Bacteria, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Bacteria are single-celled organisms, and are the most numerous denizens of the soil, with populations ranging from 100 million to 3 billion in a gram. They are capable of very rapid reproduction by binary fission (dividing into two) in favourable conditions. One bacterium is capable of producing 16 million more in just 24 hours. Most soil bacteria live in close proximity to plant roots and are often referred to as rhizobacteria. Bacteria live in soil water, including the film of moisture surrounding soil particles, and some are able to swim ...

See also:

Soil life, Soil life - Overview, Soil life - Bacteria, Soil life - Nitrification, Soil life - Nitrogen fixation, Soil life - Denitrification, Soil life - Actinobacteria, Soil life - Fungi, Soil life - Mycorrhizae

Read more here: » Soil life: Encyclopedia II - Soil life - Bacteria

Like plants, the cyanobacteria use water as an electron donor for photosynthesis and therefore liberate oxygen; they also use chlorophyll as a pigment. In addition, most cyanobacteria use phycobilin to capture light energy and pass it on to the chlorophylls. (Some cyanobacteria, the prochlorophytes, use chlorophyll b instead of phycobilin.) It is thought that the chloroplasts in plants and algae all evolved from cyanobacteria. Several other groups of bacteria use the bacteriochlorophyll pigments (similar to the chlorophylls) for photo ...

See also:

Photosynthetic pigment, Photosynthetic pigment - Plants, Photosynthetic pigment - Bacteria, Photosynthetic pigment - Algae, Photosynthetic pigment - Archaea

Read more here: » Photosynthetic pigment: Encyclopedia II - Photosynthetic pigment - Bacteria

Bacteria show a wide variety of different metabolisms and can accordingly be classified into primary nutritional groups. The most common division is between heterotrophs, which depend on an organic source of carbon, and autotrophs, which are able to synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water. Autotrophs that obtain energy by oxidizing chemical compounds are called chemotrophs, and those that obtain their energy from light, via photosynthesis, are called phototrophs. There are many variations on this terminology such as chemoa ...

See also:

Bacteria, Bacteria - History and taxonomy, Bacteria - Metabolism, Bacteria - Movement, Bacteria - Groups and identification, Bacteria - Benefits and dangers, Bacteria - Miscellaneous, Bacteria - Sources

Read more here: » Bacteria: Encyclopedia II - Bacteria - Metabolism

Bacteria are both harmful and useful to the environment, and animals, including humans. The role of bacteria in disease and infection is important. Some bacteria act as pathogens and cause tetanus, typhoid fever, pneumonia, syphilis, cholera, foodborne illness, leprosy, and tuberculosis. Sepsis, a systemic infectious syndrome characterized by shock and massive vasodilation, or localized infection, can be caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, or many gram-negative bacteria. Some bacterial infections can sprea ...

See also:

Bacteria, Bacteria - History and taxonomy, Bacteria - Reproduction, Bacteria - Metabolism, Bacteria - Movement, Bacteria - Groups and identification, Bacteria - Benefits and dangers, Bacteria - Miscellaneous, Bacteria - Sources

Read more here: » Bacteria: Encyclopedia II - Bacteria - Benefits and dangers

Ancalochloris Chloroherpeton Clathrochloris Pelodictyon Prostheochloris The green sulfur bacteria (Chlorobiaceae) are a family of phototrophic bacteria. No other bacterial families are known to be closely related to them, and they are accordingly placed in their own phylum (Chlorobi). The phylum is most closely related to Bacteroidetes. Green sulfur bacteria are generally nonmotile (one species has a flagellum), and come in spheres, rods, and spirals. Their envir ...

Including:

• Green sulfur bacteria - External link

Read more here: » Green sulfur bacteria: Encyclopedia - Green sulfur bacteria

Acetobacter Acidiphilium Acidocella Acidomonas Craurococcus Gluconacetobacter Gluconobacter Paracraurococcus Rhodopila Roseococcus Stella Zavarzinia Acetic acid bacteria are bacteria that derive their energy from the oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid during respira ...

Read more here: » Acetic acid bacteria: Encyclopedia - Acetic acid bacteria

Bacillus anthracis Bacillus cereus Bacillus coagulans Bacillus natto Bacillus subtilis Bacillus thuringiensis etc. Bacillus is a genus of rod-shaped bacteria. The word "bacillus" is also used to describe any rod-shaped bacterium, and in this sense, bacilli are found in many different groups of bacteria. When the particular genus Bacillus is referred to, it is capitalized and italicized. Likewise, Bacilli refers to the particular class Bacillus belongs ...

Read more here: » Bacillus: Encyclopedia - Bacillus

The human body contains a large number of bacteria, most of them performing tasks that are useful or even essential to human survival. Those that are expected to be present, and that under normal circumstances do not cause disease, are termed normal flora. It is estimated that 500 to 1000 different species of bacteria live in the human body (Sears, 2005). Bacterial cells are much smaller than human cells, and there are about ten times as many bacteria as human cells in the body (1 quadrillion (1015) versus 100 trilli ...

Including:

• Bacteria in the human body - Reference

Read more here: » Bacteria in the human body: Encyclopedia - Bacteria in the human body

Phylum Crenarchaeota Phylum Euryarchaeota     Halobacteria     Methanobacteria     Methanococci     Methanopyri     Archaeoglobi     Thermoplasmata     Thermococci Phylum Korarchaeota Phylum Nanoarchaeota The Archaea (also called Archaebacteria) are a major division of living organisms. Although there is still uncertainty in the exact phylogeny of the groups, Archae ...

Including:

• Archaea - History
• Archaea - Archaea Bacteria and Eukaryotes
• Archaea - Habitats
• Archaea - Form
• Archaea - Evolution and classification

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Virulence is a term used to refer to either the relative pathogenicity or the relative ability to do damage to the host of an infectious agent. Virulence - Virulent bacteriophage. Virulent phage infect their bacterial hosts and lyse them after intracellular propagation. Rather than integrating their genome in the host genome a production of new phage progeny is started. Virulence - Virulent bacteria. The ability of bacteria to cause disease is described in ...

Including:

• Virulence - Virulent bacteriophage
• Virulence - Virulent bacteria
• Virulence - Virulent virus

Read more here: » Virulence: Encyclopedia - Virulence

Alcohol dehydrogenases are a group of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur in many organisms and facilitate the conversion between alcohols and aldehydes or ketones. In humans and many other animals, they serve to break down alcohols which could otherwise be toxic; in yeast and many bacteria they catalyze the opposite reaction as part of fermentation. The EC number of alcohol dehydrogenases is EC 1.1.1.1; their CAS number is 9031-72-5. Alcohol dehydrogenase - In humans. In humans, the enzyme is contained ...

Including:

• Alcohol dehydrogenase - In humans
• Alcohol dehydrogenase - In yeast and bacteria
• Alcohol dehydrogenase - Insects
• Alcohol dehydrogenase - Iron containing

Read more here: » Alcohol dehydrogenase: Encyclopedia - Alcohol dehydrogenase

A DNA polymerase is an enzyme that assists in DNA replication. Such enzymes catalyze the polymerization of deoxyribonucleotides alongside a DNA strand, which they "read" and use as a template. The newly polymerized molecule is complementary to the template strand and identical to the template's partner strand. All DNA polymerases synthesize DNA in the 5' to 3' direction. No known DNA polymerase is able to begin a new chain (de novo). They can only add a nucleotide onto a preexisting 3'- OH group. For this reason DNA poly ...

Including:

• DNA polymerase - Bacteria
• DNA polymerase - Eukaryotes

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The DNA which carries genetic information in biological cells is normally packaged in the form of one or more large macromolecules called chromosomes. A chromosome (in Greek chroma = color and soma = body) is, minimally, a very long, continuous piece of DNA, which contains many genes, regulatory elements and other intervening nucleotide sequences. In the chromosomes of eukaryotes, the uncondensed DNA exists in a quasi-ordered structure inside the nucleus, where it wraps around histones (structural proteins, Fig. 1 ...

Including:

• Chromosome - Chromosomes in plants yeast and animals
• Chromosome - Chromosomes in bacteria
• Chromosome - Chromatin
• Chromosome - Number of chromosomes in different species
• Chromosome - Karyotype
• Chromosome - Human
• Chromosome - Chromosomal aberrations

Read more here: » Chromosome: Encyclopedia - Chromosome

A bacteriocide or bactericide is a substance that kills bacteria and, preferably, nothing else. Bacteriocidal antibiotics kill bacteria: bacteriostatic antibiotics only slow their growth or reproduction. Other related archivesantibiotics, bacteria, bacteriostatic

Read more here: » Bacteriocide: Encyclopedia - Bacteriocide

Acid-fast bacteria are those that, when stained with certain compound, retain that stain despite treatment with an acidic solution. The most common staining technique used to identify them is the Ziehl-Neelsen stain, in which acid-fast bacteria are stained bright red, which stands out clearly against a blue background. Acid-fast bacteria can also be visualized by fluorescent microscopy, and by auramine-rhodamine stain. ...

Read more here: » Acid-fast: Encyclopedia - Acid-fast

An alkane in organic chemistry is a saturated hydrocarbon without cycles, that is, an acyclic hydrocarbon in which the molecule has the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms and so has no double bonds. Alkanes are also often known as paraffins, or collectively as the paraffin series; these terms, however, are also used to apply only to alkanes whose carbon atoms form a single, unbranched chain; when this is done, branched-chain alkanes are called isoparaffins. Alkanes are aliphatic compounds. The general formu ...

Including:

• Alkane - Isomerism
• Alkane - Nomenclature of alkanes
• Alkane - Alkanes with unbranched carbon chains
• Alkane - Alkanes with branched carbon chains
• Alkane - Trivial names
• Alkane - Occurrence
• Alkane - Purification and use
• Alkane - Preparation
• Alkane - Molecular geometry
• Alkane - Bond lengths and bond angles
• Alkane - Conformation
• Alkane - Properties
• Alkane - Physical properties
• Alkane - Chemical properties
• Alkane - Thermochemistry
• Alkane - Spectroscopic properties
• Alkane - Reactions
• Alkane - Reactions with oxygen
• Alkane - Reactions with halogens
• Alkane - Cracking and reforming
• Alkane - Other reactions
• Alkane - Hazards
• Alkane - Alkanes in nature
• Alkane - Bacteria and archaea
• Alkane - Fungi and plants
• Alkane - Animals
• Alkane - Ecological relations

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Virology is the study of viruses and their properties. Virology is both the study of how a virus can affect a cell, and the biological and biochemical properties of a virus. Biochemically, viruses are very different to other living organisms and there is a great debate as to whether a virus can actually be considered alive. Most viruses consist of nucleic acid inside a protein shell, covered with antigens. Some viruses are more complex, and have a helix structure with 'off shoots', similar to a luna ...

Read more here: » Virology: Encyclopedia - Virology