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back-formation

A Wisdom Archive on back-formation

back-formation

A selection of articles related to back-formation

back-formation, Back-formation, Back-formation - More examples of back-formation, backronym, retronym, junctural metanalysis

ARTICLES RELATED TO back-formation

back-formation: Encyclopedia II - Polyiamond - Symmetries

Possible symmetries are mirror symmetry, 2-, 3-, and 6-fold rotational symmetry, and each combined with mirror symmetry. 2-fold rotational symmetry with and without mirror symmetry requires at least 2 and 4 triangles, respectively. 6-fold rotational symmetry with and without mirror symmetry requires at least 6 and 18 triangles, respectively. No symmetry requires at least 5 triangles. Only 3-fold rotational ...

See also:

Polyiamond, Polyiamond - Counting polyiamonds, Polyiamond - Symmetries, Polyiamond - Generalizations

Read more here: » Polyiamond: Encyclopedia II - Polyiamond - Symmetries

back-formation: Encyclopedia II - Laser - Publications about lasers

Laser - Books. Koechner, Walter (1992). Solid-State Laser Engineering, 3rd ed., Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0-387-53756-2 Siegman, Anthony E. (1986). Lasers, University Science Books. ISBN 0-935-70211-3 Sifvast, William T. (1996). Laser Fundamentals, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-55617-1 Svelto, Orasio (1989). Principles of Lasers, 3rd ed. (trans. David Hanna), Plenum Press. ISBN 0-306-42967-5 Yariv, Amnon (1989). Quantum Electronics, ...

See also:

Laser, Laser - Physics, Laser - History, Laser - Recent innovations, Laser - Uses of lasers, Laser - Popular misconceptions, Laser - LASER, Laser - Scientific misconceptions, Laser - Laser safety, Laser - Common laser types, Laser - Publications about lasers, Laser - Books, Laser - Periodicals

Read more here: » Laser: Encyclopedia II - Laser - Publications about lasers

back-formation: Encyclopedia II - Laser - Popular misconceptions

The representation of lasers in popular culture, especially in science fiction and action movies, is generally very misleading. For instance, contrary to their portrayal in movies such as Star Wars, a laser beam is never visible in the vacuum of space. In air the beam can hit dust and other particles in its path and scatter producing a glowing "ray", in much the same way that a sunbeam glows in dusty air. This effect can be intensified to make the beam more visible by increasi ...

See also:

Laser, Laser - Physics, Laser - History, Laser - Recent innovations, Laser - Uses of lasers, Laser - Popular misconceptions, Laser - LASER, Laser - Scientific misconceptions, Laser - Laser safety, Laser - Common laser types, Laser - Publications about lasers, Laser - Books, Laser - Periodicals

Read more here: » Laser: Encyclopedia II - Laser - Popular misconceptions

back-formation: Encyclopedia II - RAS syndrome - Reasons for use

The most obvious reason for using an acronym in this way is that it has become (or been mistaken for) a word in its own right; the speaker may not know the original expansion, or may know it as the etymology but consider it irrelevant to modern usage. One acronym which has become a word is laser, which originally stood for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, but has become so much a part of common vocabulary that a verb form, "to lase", meaning to emit a laser ...

See also:

RAS syndrome, RAS syndrome - Examples, RAS syndrome - Not redundant, RAS syndrome - Reasons for use, RAS syndrome - Honorable Mention

Read more here: » RAS syndrome: Encyclopedia II - RAS syndrome - Reasons for use

back-formation: Encyclopedia II - RAS syndrome - Honorable Mention

Along the same lines, "please RSVP", which can be seen to be redundant once it is realised that RSVP comes from the French phrase répondez s'il-vous-plaît, which translates literally as "respond if it pleases you", or more idiomatically, "please respond". Also worth note is the restaurant chain, TGI Fridays, who somehow overcame any urge to name themselves TGIF Fridays, the way both the cliché and their name are sometimes misused. The 1970s saw Strategic Arms Limitations Talk between the US and the USSR, aimed at producing a series of Strategic Arms Limitation Treaties, also referred to, resp ...

See also:

RAS syndrome, RAS syndrome - Examples, RAS syndrome - Not redundant, RAS syndrome - Reasons for use, RAS syndrome - Honorable Mention

Read more here: » RAS syndrome: Encyclopedia II - RAS syndrome - Honorable Mention

back-formation: Encyclopedia II - Methanol - Uses

Methanol is used on a limited basis to fuel internal combustion engines, mainly by virtue of the fact that it is not nearly as flammable as gasoline. Methanol blends are the fuel of choice in open wheel racing circuits like Champcars, as well as in radio controlled model airplanes, cars and trucks. Drag racers and mud racers also use methanol as their primary fuel source. Methanol is required with a supercharged engine in a Top Alcohol Dragster and all vehicles in the Indianapolis 500 have to run methanol. Mud racers have mixed methanol with gasoline and nitrous oxide to produce more power than ...

See also:

Methanol, Methanol - History, Methanol - Production, Methanol - Uses, Methanol - Health and safety

Read more here: » Methanol: Encyclopedia II - Methanol - Uses

back-formation: Encyclopedia II - Serif - Usage

In traditional print, serif fonts are used for body text because the serifs create more positive word-pictures which are easier to read. Sans-serif fonts are used for shorter pieces of text and for subject matter requiring a more casual feel than the formal look of seriffed types. Sans serif types have recently begun to supplant seriffed types for headings with a 'cleaner' look. Seriffed fonts are the overwhelming type choice for lengthy text printed in b ...

See also:

Serif, Serif - Background, Serif - Usage, Serif - Classification, Serif - Old Style, Serif - Transitional, Serif - Slab Serif, Serif - Modern

Read more here: » Serif: Encyclopedia II - Serif - Usage

back-formation: Encyclopedia II - Laser - Uses of lasers

At the time of their invention in 1960, lasers were called "a solution looking for a problem". Since then, they have become ubiquitous, finding utility in thousands of highly varied applications in every section of modern society, including consumer electronics, information technology, science, medicine, industry, law enforcement and the military. They have been widely regarded as one of the most influential technological achievements of the 20th century. In 2004, excluding diode lasers, approximately 131,000 lasers were sold world-wi ...

See also:

Laser, Laser - Physics, Laser - History, Laser - Recent innovations, Laser - Uses of lasers, Laser - Popular misconceptions, Laser - LASER, Laser - Scientific misconceptions, Laser - Laser safety, Laser - Common laser types, Laser - Publications about lasers, Laser - Books, Laser - Periodicals

Read more here: » Laser: Encyclopedia II - Laser - Uses of lasers

back-formation: Encyclopedia II - Serif - Background

In the Roman alphabet, serifs originated with the carving of words into stone in ancient Italy. Artisans would carve out a bit of extra space at the end of the long strokes of letters to prevent gravel and dust from collecting in the corners of the letters. The etymology of "serif" is obscure, but in any case almost as recent as the face. The oldest citations in the Oxford English Dictionary are 1841 for sans serif, which the OED gives as sanserif, and 1830 for serif. Indeed, the OED speculate ...

See also:

Serif, Serif - Background, Serif - Usage, Serif - Classification, Serif - Old Style, Serif - Transitional, Serif - Slab Serif, Serif - Modern

Read more here: » Serif: Encyclopedia II - Serif - Background

back-formation: Encyclopedia II - Brunel University - Interesting facts

Some scenes from A Clockwork Orange were filmed on the Uxbridge campus. Lecture Theatre 'E' was used for the 'aversion therapy' scene. Several films used the Runnymede campus as an outside location, particularly in the 1940s-1960s. The Boulting Brothers' A French Mistress, 1960, made extensive use of the campus as a boys' boarding school where an attractive new French mistress causes frictions and hilarity. It is often claimed that The Belles of St Trinian's was entirely filmed at Runnymede, but on watching the film it i ...

See also:

Brunel University, Brunel University - History of Brunel University, Brunel University - Halls of residence, Brunel University - University league tables, Brunel University - Runnymede, Brunel University - Formula Student, Brunel University - Interesting facts, Brunel University - Famous alumni

Read more here: » Brunel University: Encyclopedia II - Brunel University - Interesting facts

back-formation: Encyclopedia II - Brunel University - Formula Student

Brunel was one of the first UK universities to enter the Formula Student engineering competition. It is an annual event in which universities from around the world compete in the design and construction of a formula style racing car. The Brunel Racing team is composed of undergraduate and postgraduate students, each being allocated an area of the car to develop. ...

See also:

Brunel University, Brunel University - History of Brunel University, Brunel University - Halls of residence, Brunel University - University league tables, Brunel University - Runnymede, Brunel University - Formula Student, Brunel University - Interesting facts, Brunel University - Famous alumni

Read more here: » Brunel University: Encyclopedia II - Brunel University - Formula Student

back-formation: Encyclopedia II - Brunel University - Runnymede

At Runnymede, the halls of residence built in the Shoreditch College era were named after staff (Scrivens, Marshall, Bradley, Reed, Rowan). Existing buildings were named in the Royal Indian Engineering College era, such as President Hall (where the College president resided) and College Hall. These fine Victorian buildings were built by Sir Matthew Digby Wyatt, who had been Isambard Kingdom Brunel's architect for Paddington Station in London, and also for the famous Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge (now the Judge Institute). Corridors in ...

See also:

Brunel University, Brunel University - History of Brunel University, Brunel University - Halls of residence, Brunel University - University league tables, Brunel University - Runnymede, Brunel University - Formula Student, Brunel University - Interesting facts, Brunel University - Famous alumni

Read more here: » Brunel University: Encyclopedia II - Brunel University - Runnymede

back-formation: Encyclopedia II - Classless Inter-Domain Routing - CIDR and masks

A subnet mask is a bitmask that encodes the prefix length in a form similar to an IP address - 32 bits, starting with a number of 1 bits equal to the prefix length, ending with 0 bits, and encoded in four-part dotted-decimal format. A subnet mask encodes the same information as a prefix length, but predates the advent of CIDR. CIDR uses variable length subnet masks (VLSM) to allocate IP addresses to subnets according to individual need, rather than some general network-wide rule. Thus the network/host division can occur ...

See also:

Classless Inter-Domain Routing, Classless Inter-Domain Routing - CIDR blocks, Classless Inter-Domain Routing - Assignment of CIDR blocks, Classless Inter-Domain Routing - CIDR and masks, Classless Inter-Domain Routing - Prefix aggregation, Classless Inter-Domain Routing - Historical background

Read more here: » Classless Inter-Domain Routing: Encyclopedia II - Classless Inter-Domain Routing - CIDR and masks

back-formation: Encyclopedia II - Flatulence - Mechanism of action

The noises commonly associated with flatulence are caused by the vibration of the anal opening. The sound varies depending on the tightness of the sphincter muscle and velocity of the gas being propelled, as well as other factors such as moisture and body fat. Flatus is brought to the anus in the same peristalsis method as feces, causing a similar feeling of urgency and discomfort. Nerve endings in the rectum learn to distinguish between flatus and feces, although loose stool can confuse these nerve ...

See also:

Flatulence, Flatulence - Amount and constituents, Flatulence - Causes, Flatulence - Mechanism of action, Flatulence - Remedies, Flatulence - Dietary, Flatulence - Pharmacological, Flatulence - Cosmetic, Flatulence - Health effects, Flatulence - In animals, Flatulence - Environmental impact, Flatulence - Social context, Flatulence - Literature and the arts, Flatulence - Curiosities

Read more here: » Flatulence: Encyclopedia II - Flatulence - Mechanism of action

back-formation: Encyclopedia II - Flatulence - Literature and the arts

Flatulence has had a role in literature for centuries. In Rabelais' 16th century Gargantua cycle, the word pet (fart) appears several times. In the translated version of Penguin's 1001 Arabian Nights Tales, a story titled "The Historic Fart" tells of a man that flees his country from the sheer embarrassment of farting at his wedding. In Dante's Divine Comedy, the last line of Inferno Chapter XXI reads: ed elli avea del cul fatto trombetta ("and he used his buttocks as a trumpet"), in the last example the use of this ...

See also:

Flatulence, Flatulence - Amount and constituents, Flatulence - Causes, Flatulence - Mechanism of action, Flatulence - Remedies, Flatulence - Dietary, Flatulence - Pharmacological, Flatulence - Cosmetic, Flatulence - Health effects, Flatulence - In animals, Flatulence - Environmental impact, Flatulence - Social context, Flatulence - Literature and the arts, Flatulence - Curiosities

Read more here: » Flatulence: Encyclopedia II - Flatulence - Literature and the arts

back-formation: Encyclopedia II - Flatulence - Social context

In many cultures, excessive human flatulence is regarded as embarrassing and impolite, even to the point of being a taboo subject; and hence a natural subject for toilet humour. People will often strain to hold in the passing of gas when in polite company, or position themselves to conceal the noise and smell. Flatulence can be considered humorous to some people, either due to the scent or the sounds produced. Some find humor in flatulence ignition, which is possible due to the presence of flammables, such as hydrogen and methane, though the process is very dangerous and ...

See also:

Flatulence, Flatulence - Amount and constituents, Flatulence - Causes, Flatulence - Mechanism of action, Flatulence - Remedies, Flatulence - Dietary, Flatulence - Pharmacological, Flatulence - Cosmetic, Flatulence - Health effects, Flatulence - In animals, Flatulence - Environmental impact, Flatulence - Social context, Flatulence - Literature and the arts, Flatulence - Curiosities

Read more here: » Flatulence: Encyclopedia II - Flatulence - Social context

back-formation: Encyclopedia II - Brunel University - University league tables

In the 2005 Guardian University Guide, Brunel placed 28th overall. However, the university placed significantly higher in some of its traditional subjects. For example, Brunel placed 15th in mechanical engineering (the university is named after one of the world's most famous mechanical engineers). This placed it above some Red Brick universities such as the University of Birmingham and University College London. ...

See also:

Brunel University, Brunel University - History of Brunel University, Brunel University - Halls of residence, Brunel University - University league tables, Brunel University - Runnymede, Brunel University - Formula Student, Brunel University - Interesting facts, Brunel University - Famous alumni

Read more here: » Brunel University: Encyclopedia II - Brunel University - University league tables

back-formation: Encyclopedia II - Methanol - Production

Today, synthesis gas is most commonly produced from the methane component in natural gas rather than from coal. Three processes are commercially practiced. At moderate pressures of 1 to 2 MPa (10–20 atm) and high temperatures (around 850 °C), methane reacts with steam on a nickel catalyst to produce syngas according to the chemical equation CH4 + H2O → CO + 3 H2 This reaction, commonly called steam-methane reforming or SMR, is endothermic and the heat transfer limitations ...

See also:

Methanol, Methanol - History, Methanol - Production, Methanol - Uses, Methanol - Health and safety

Read more here: » Methanol: Encyclopedia II - Methanol - Production

back-formation: Encyclopedia II - Classless Inter-Domain Routing - Prefix aggregation

Another benefit of CIDR is the possibility of routing prefix aggregation (also known as "summarization" or "supernetting"). For example, sixteen contiguous /24 networks could now be aggregated together, and advertised to the outside world as a single /20 route (if the first 20 bits of their network addresses match). Two contiguous /20s could then be aggregated to a /19, and so forth. This allowed a significant reduction in the number of routes that had to be advertised over the Internet, preventing 'routing table explosion' from overwhelming routers, and stopping the I ...

See also:

Classless Inter-Domain Routing, Classless Inter-Domain Routing - CIDR blocks, Classless Inter-Domain Routing - Assignment of CIDR blocks, Classless Inter-Domain Routing - CIDR and masks, Classless Inter-Domain Routing - Prefix aggregation, Classless Inter-Domain Routing - Historical background

Read more here: » Classless Inter-Domain Routing: Encyclopedia II - Classless Inter-Domain Routing - Prefix aggregation

back-formation: Encyclopedia II - Classless Inter-Domain Routing - CIDR and masks

A subnet mask is a bitmask that encodes the prefix length in a form similiar to an IP address - 32 bits, starting with a number of 1 bits equal to the prefix length, ending with 0 bits, and encoded in four-part dotted-decimal format. A subnet mask encodes the same information as a prefix length, but predates the advent of CIDR. CIDR uses variable length subnet masks (VLSM) to allocate IP addresses to subnets according to individual need, rather than some general network-wide rule. Thus the network/host division can occur ...

See also:

Classless Inter-Domain Routing, Classless Inter-Domain Routing - CIDR blocks, Classless Inter-Domain Routing - Assignment of CIDR blocks, Classless Inter-Domain Routing - CIDR and masks, Classless Inter-Domain Routing - Prefix aggregation, Classless Inter-Domain Routing - Historical background

Read more here: » Classless Inter-Domain Routing: Encyclopedia II - Classless Inter-Domain Routing - CIDR and masks

back-formation: Encyclopedia II - English plural - Regular plurals

The plural morpheme in English is suffixed to the end of most nouns. The plural form is usually represented orthographically by adding -s to the singular form (see exceptions below). The phonetic form of the plural morpheme is [z] by default. When the preceding sound is a voiceless consonant, it is pronounced [s]. Examples: Where a noun ends in a sibilant sound — one of [s] ...

See also:

English plural, English plural - Regular plurals, English plural - Almost-regular plurals, English plural - Irregular plurals, English plural - Irregular Germanic plurals, English plural - Irregular plurals of foreign origin, English plural - Plurals of numbers, English plural - Plurals and units of measure, English plural - Defective nouns, English plural - Nouns with multiple plurals, English plural - Plurals of symbols and abbreviations, English plural - Plurals of headless nouns, English plural - Plural to singular by back-formation, English plural - Plurals of names of peoples, English plural - Discretionary plurals

Read more here: » English plural: Encyclopedia II - English plural - Regular plurals

back-formation: Encyclopedia II - English plural - Almost-regular plurals

Many nouns of Italian or Spanish origin are exceptions to the -oes rule: Many nouns ending in a voiceless fricative mutate that sound to a voiced fricative before adding the plural ending. In the case of [f] changing to [v] the mutation is indicated in the orthography as well: Some r ...

See also:

English plural, English plural - Regular plurals, English plural - Almost-regular plurals, English plural - Irregular plurals, English plural - Irregular Germanic plurals, English plural - Irregular plurals of foreign origin, English plural - Plurals of numbers, English plural - Plurals and units of measure, English plural - Defective nouns, English plural - Nouns with multiple plurals, English plural - Plurals of symbols and abbreviations, English plural - Plurals of headless nouns, English plural - Plural to singular by back-formation, English plural - Plurals of names of peoples, English plural - Discretionary plurals

Read more here: » English plural: Encyclopedia II - English plural - Almost-regular plurals




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