Axel Oxenstierna

Count Axel Gustafsson Oxenstierna ▶ (help·info) (June 16, 1583 – August 28, 1654), Lord High Chancellor of Sweden, was born at Fånö in Uplandia, and received his education with his brothers at the universities of Rostock, Jena and Wittenberg. On returning home in 1603 he took up an appointment as kammarjunker to King Charles IX of Sweden. In 1606 he undertook his first diplomatic mission, to Mecklenburg, gained appointment to the Privy Council ( ...

Including:

• Axel Oxenstierna - Chancellor
• Axel Oxenstierna - Thirty Years' War
• Axel Oxenstierna - Power behind the throne
• Axel Oxenstierna - Territorial gains for Sweden
• Axel Oxenstierna - Quotation

Read more here: » Axel Oxenstierna: Encyclopedia - Axel Oxenstierna

He inspired the despairing Protestants both in Germany and Sweden with fresh hopes. He reorganised the government both at home and abroad. He united the estates of the four upper circles into a fresh league against the common foe (1634), in spite of the envious and foolish opposition of Saxony. By the patent of January 12, 1633 he had already gained the appointment of legate plenipotentiary of Sweden in Germany, with absolute control over all the territory already won by the Swedish arms. No Swedish subject, either before or after, ever held ...

See also:

Axel Oxenstierna, Axel Oxenstierna - Chancellor, Axel Oxenstierna - Thirty Years' War, Axel Oxenstierna - Power behind the throne, Axel Oxenstierna - Territorial gains for Sweden, Axel Oxenstierna - Quotation

Read more here: » Axel Oxenstierna: Encyclopedia II - Axel Oxenstierna - Power behind the throne

As a general, Gustav is famous for employing mobile artillery on the battlefield, as well as a very active tactic where attack was stressed over defense and mobility more important than in the usual linear tactic. This was only part of the reason why Carl von Clausewitz and Napoleon Bonaparte idolized him as the general above all others. His character both of purpose and of amity with all his troops from commanding officers right down to the rank and file, earned him unassailably documented fame which most ...

See also:

Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden - Military commander, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden - Timeline, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden - Fictional appearances

Read more here: » Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden: Encyclopedia II - Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden - Military commander

A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is anyone who acts as head of state, especially if not the monarch (who has higher titles). Thus, the common use is for an acting deputy governor. In a monarchy, a regent usually rules due to the actual monarch's absence, incapacity or minority, and may also be elected to rule during the sede vacante when the royal line has died out. This was the case in Finland and Hungary, where the royal line was considered extinct in the aftermath of World War I. In Iceland, the regent repre ...

Including:

• Regent - High public office
• Regent - Examples of regents in various Monarchies
• Regent - Belgium
• Regent - Bulgaria
• Regent - China
• Regent - Egypt
• Regent - Finland
• Regent - France
• Regent - Greece
• Regent - Hungary
• Regent - Iceland
• Regent - Japan
• Regent - Korea
• Regent - Liechtenstein
• Regent - Monaco
• Regent - Netherlands
• Regent - Norway
• Regent - Scotland
• Regent - Spain
• Regent - Sweden
• Regent - United Kingdom
• Regent - Other uses

Read more here: » Regent: Encyclopedia - Regent

August 28 is the 240th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (241st in leap years), with 125 days remaining. August 28 - Events. 475 - The Pannonian general Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his capital of Ravenna and appoints Romulus Augustus in his place. 489 - Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths defeats Odoacer at the Battle of Isonzo, forcing his way into Italy. 1521 - The Turks occupy Belgrade 1542 - Reinforced wi ...

Including:

• August 28 - Events
• August 28 - Births
• August 28 - Deaths
• August 28 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » August 28: Encyclopedia - August 28

Charles X Gustav (Karl X Gustav) (November 8, 1622 – February 13, 1660), was King of Sweden from 1654 until his death. He was the son of John Casimir, Margrave of Palatinate-Zweibrücken and Princess Catherine of Sweden, half-sister of Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. He was married to Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp, who produced his son and successor, Charles XI. Charles X was the second Wittelsbach king of Sweden after Christopher. Charles X Gustav of Sweden - Heir to the throne. H ...

Including:

• Charles X Gustav of Sweden - Heir to the throne
• Charles X Gustav of Sweden - Early days as King
• Charles X Gustav of Sweden - War on Poland
• Charles X Gustav of Sweden - War on Denmark
• Charles X Gustav of Sweden - The Estates in Gothenburg
• Charles X Gustav of Sweden - Family

Read more here: » Charles X Gustav of Sweden: Encyclopedia - Charles X Gustav of Sweden

Christina (Kristina) (December 8, 1626 – April 19, 1689), later known as Maria Christina Alexandra and sometimes Count Dohna, was Queen regnant of Sweden from 1632 to 1654. She was the only legitimate child of King Gustav II Adolf. As the heiress presumptive she succeeded her father to the throne of Sweden upon his death at the Battle of Lützen (November 6, 1632) during Sweden's intervention in Germany in the Thirty Years' War. Christina of Sweden - Early life. Christina was born in ...

Including:

• Christina of Sweden - Early life
• Christina of Sweden - Queen regnant
• Christina of Sweden - Abdication
• Christina of Sweden - Political contributions
• Christina of Sweden - Setting off to Rome
• Christina of Sweden - Heritage

Read more here: » Christina of Sweden: Encyclopedia - Christina of Sweden

Uppsala University (Swedish Uppsala universitet) is a public university in Uppsala, Sweden. It is the oldest university in Scandinavia, founded in 1477. After a turbulent period following the reformation, the university rose to some significance with the rise of Sweden as a Great Power and a leading Lutheran state from the end of the 16th century and was given a relative financial stability with the large dona ...

Including:

• Uppsala University - History
• Uppsala University - Before the reformation
• Uppsala University - The crisis of the 16th century
• Uppsala University - The expansion of the 17th century
• Uppsala University - The age of mercantilism and enlightenment
• Uppsala University - Organization
• Uppsala University - Locations and campus areas
• Uppsala University - University Park and Cathedral area
• Uppsala University - West of Central Uppsala
• Uppsala University - Other locations in wider Central Uppsala
• Uppsala University - South of central Uppsala
• Uppsala University - North of Central Uppsala
• Uppsala University - University Library
• Uppsala University - University Hospital
• Uppsala University - Life at the University
• Uppsala University - Nations and student union
• Uppsala University - Art music and sports
• Uppsala University - People

Read more here: » Uppsala University: Encyclopedia - Uppsala University

June 16 is the 167th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (168th in leap years), with 198 days remaining. June 16 - Events. 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses 1586 - Mary Queen of Scots recognizes Philip II of Spain as her heir 1745 - British troops take Cape Breton Island, which is now part of Nova Scotia, Canada 1745 - Sir William Pepperell captures the French Fortress Louisbourg in Louisbourg, N ...

Including:

• June 16 - Events
• June 16 - Births
• June 16 - Deaths
• June 16 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » June 16: Encyclopedia - June 16

1583 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. 1583 - Events. August 5 - Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in what is now the city of St John's, Newfoundland, claims the island of Newfoundland on behalf of England. Toyotomi Hideyoshi commences construction of Osaka Castle in Japan. King James VI of Scotland signs a charter creating the Tounis College - what is now the University of Edinburgh. For some unk ...

Including:

• 1583 - Events
• 1583 - Births
• 1583 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1583: Encyclopedia - 1583

1654 - Events. April 5 - Signing of the Treaty of Westminster, ending the First Anglo-Dutch War. June 3 - Louis XIV of France crowned at Rheims June 6 - Charles X succedes his cousin Christina to the Swedish throne. After her abdication on June 5, Christina now the former reigning queen of a Protestant nation, secretly converts to Catholicism. September 3 - In the Rump Parliament, the republican party questions Cromwell's pre-eminence September 12 - Oliver Cromwell orders ...

Including:

• 1654 - Events
• 1654 - Births
• 1654 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1654: Encyclopedia - 1654

1635 - Events. February 10 - The Académie française in Paris is expanded to become a national academy for the artistic elite. April 13 – Maronite warlord Fah-al-Din II executed in Constantinople May 30 - Peace of Prague (30 Years War) October 9 - Founder of Rhode Island Roger Williams is banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony as a religious dissident after he spoke out against punishments for religious offenses and giving away Native American land. November 15 ...

Including:

• 1635 - Events
• 1635 - Births
• 1635 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1635: Encyclopedia - 1635

A history of Adolphus' wars was written by Johann Philipp Abelin. The German Socialist Franz Mehring wrote a Marxist analyzing biography of the Swedish warrior king Gustavus Adolphus, claiming his wars were fought more of economical interests, than that of religion. Gustav Adolf Day is celebrated in Sweden each year on November 6. On this day only a special pastry, with a chocolate medallion of the king, is sold. The day is also an official flag day in the Swedish calendar. ...

See also:

Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden - Military commander, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden - Timeline, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden - Fictional appearances

Read more here: » Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden: Encyclopedia II - Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden - Timeline

A history of Adolphus' wars was written by Johann Philipp Abelin. Gustav Adolf Day is celebrated in Sweden each year on November 6. On this day only a special pastry, with a chocolate medallion of the king, is sold. The day is also an official flag day in the Swedish calendar. ...

See also:

Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden - Military commander, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden - Timeline, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden - Fictional appearances

Read more here: » Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden: Encyclopedia II - Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden - Timeline

1632 - Events. February 22 - Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems is published July 23 - 300 colonists for New France depart Dieppe November 8 - Wladyslaw IV Waza elected king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after Zygmunt III Waza death November 16 - Battle of Lützen Fasilidos succeeds his father Sissinios as Emperor of Ethiopia Christina becomes queen of Sweden; five regents, headed by Axel Oxenstierna, govern country. Antigu ...

Including:

• 1632 - Events
• 1632 - Births
• 1632 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1632: Encyclopedia - 1632

In each county there is a County Administrative Board as well as a County Council. The County Administrative Board, or Länsstyrelse, is appointed by the Government to coordinate administration with national political goals for the County. The County Council on the other hand is a regional government, i.e. a political assembly appointed by the electorate to deliberate on the municipal affairs of the County, pri ...

See also:

Counties of Sweden, Counties of Sweden - Function, Counties of Sweden - Map, Counties of Sweden - History, Counties of Sweden - Older subdivisions, Counties of Sweden - Österland, Counties of Sweden - Abolished counties, Counties of Sweden - Riksområden, Counties of Sweden - Future, Counties of Sweden - External links

Read more here: » Counties of Sweden: Encyclopedia II - Counties of Sweden - Function

The nobility in Sweden (and Finland) dates back to 1280 when it was agreed that magnates who could afford to contribute to the cavalry with a horse-soldier were to be exempted from tax - at least from ordinary taxes - as the clergy already had been. The archaic Swedish term for nobility, frälse, includes also the clergy while referring to their exemption from tax. The background was that the old system of a leiðangr fleet and a king on constant travels in the realm (between the estates of Uppsala öd) became outmoded and in need of replacement. The crown's court and ...

See also:

Swedish nobility, Swedish nobility - Medieval nobility, Swedish nobility - Nobility after 1561, Swedish nobility - Privileges

Read more here: » Swedish nobility: Encyclopedia II - Swedish nobility - Medieval nobility

Norway, which was then governed by Christian's son-in-law, Statholder (royal governor) Hannibal Sehested, was a reluctant participant. The Norwegian populace opposed an attack on Sweden, correctly suspecting that an attack on Sweden would only leave them open to counterattack. Their opposition to Statholder Sehested’s direction grew bitter, and the war was lampooned as the "Hannibal war." Understandably, the Danes cared little for Norwegian public sentiment when Denmark itself was seriously threatened. Hence Jacob Ulfeld initiated an attac ...

See also:

Hannibal War, Hannibal War - The Cause, Hannibal War - The Beginning, Hannibal War - The Danish Response, Hannibal War - The Norwegian Response, Hannibal War - The Denouement, Hannibal War - Long-Term Implications

Read more here: » Hannibal War: Encyclopedia II - Hannibal War - The Norwegian Response

Norrland comprises of the historical provinces (landskap) Gästrikland, Medelpad, Ångermanland, Hälsingland, Jämtland, Härjedalen, Västerbotten, Norrbotten and Lappland, roughly 59% of Sweden's total area. Historically, Jämtland and Härjedalen belonged to Norway until 1645, and are thus not part of the historical Norrland. Except for the coast areas, the area is sparsely populated. 12% of the population in Sweden live in Norrland. Instead, Norrland is known for its nature: wide forests, ...

See also:

Norrland, Norrland - Geography, Norrland - History

Read more here: » Norrland: Encyclopedia II - Norrland - Geography

Stanisław Koniecpolski - Childhood. Stanisław Koniecpolski was born between 1590 and 15941 into the szlachta and magnate family of Koniecpolscy in their seat of Koniecpol. His father was Aleksander Koniecpolski, voivode (palatine) of Sieradz, a staunch supporter of king Sigismund III Vasa of the House of Vasa. His mother was Anna Sroczycka, daughter of Stanisław Sroczycki, voivode of Kamieniec Podolski, who brought into the Koniecpolscy family large estates in Podolia. Stanisław's brothers were Krz ...

See also:

Stanisław Koniecpolski, Stanisław Koniecpolski - Biography, Stanisław Koniecpolski - Childhood, Stanisław Koniecpolski - Early career, Stanisław Koniecpolski - New year new war, Stanisław Koniecpolski - Grand Crown Hetman, Stanisław Koniecpolski - The magnate, Stanisław Koniecpolski - Last years, Stanisław Koniecpolski - Notes

Read more here: » Stanisław Koniecpolski: Encyclopedia II - Stanisław Koniecpolski - Biography