Avoirdupois

The avoirdupois system is a system of weights defining terms such as pound and ounce. It is the everyday system of weight used in the United States and is still widely used in the United Kingdom, despite official adoption of the metric system. It is considered more modern than the alternative troy or apothecary or the medieval English mercantile and Tower systems. The name derives from the Old French term aveir de peis meaning literally "goods of weight", referring to goods sold by ...

Read more here: » Avoirdupois: Encyclopedia - Avoirdupois

U.S. customary units, commonly known in the United States as English units or standard units, are units of measurement that are currently used in the U.S., in some cases alongside units from SI (the International System of Units—the modern metric system). The U.S. system of units is similar to the Imperial system which was used in the United Kingdom until 1995 (and still has wide unofficial usage). Both systems derive from the evolution of local units over the centuries, as a result of standardization efforts in England; the local units themselves mostly trace back to Roman and Anglo-Saxon units. To ...

Including:

• U.S. customary units - Units of length
• U.S. customary units - Units of area
• U.S. customary units - Units of capacity and volume
• U.S. customary units - Volume in general
• U.S. customary units - Liquid volume
• U.S. customary units - Dry volume
• U.S. customary units - Units of mass
• U.S. customary units - Avoirdupois weight
• U.S. customary units - Apothecaries' weight
• U.S. customary units - Troy weight
• U.S. customary units - Cooking measures
• U.S. customary units - Grain measures
• U.S. customary units - Units of temperature
• U.S. customary units - Other units

Read more here: » U.S. customary units: Encyclopedia - U.S. customary units

1303 - Births. Saint Birgitta, Swedish saint (died 1373) Gegeen Khan, Mongol emperor of China (died 1323) 1303 - Deaths. October 11 - Pope Boniface VIII Daniel of Russia, first prince of Moscow 1303 - Other. Avoirdupois system of weights and measures introduced to England and Wales. An earthquake destroys the Lighthouse of Alexandria in Egypt, one of the seven wonders of the worldIncluding:

• 1303 - Events
• 1303 - Births
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Some people say, incorrectly, that non-metric units are systematically designed to base n. The value n is sometimes quoted as 12 and sometimes as 16. This falsehood is probably due to a confusion of ‘base’ with ‘factor’. There is no inherent base in non-metric units, and in fact standard SI decimal prefixes have been used with non-metric units. The standard SI base units include the kilogram, meaning that base 10 is part of the standard metric system. In theory, the metric system could function in any base withou ...

See also:

Anti-metrication, Anti-metrication - Human scale, Anti-metrication - Multiplication factors, Anti-metrication - Tradition, Anti-metrication - Aesthetics, Anti-metrication - Government compulsion, Anti-metrication - Perception of impracticality in the United States, Anti-metrication - Requiring actions proved impossible in constructive geometry, Anti-metrication - Coherence

Read more here: » Anti-metrication: Encyclopedia II - Anti-metrication - Multiplication factors

British law now defines each Imperial unit entirely in terms of the metric equivalent. See the Units of Measurement Regulations 1995. This regulation effectively outlaws their usage in retail and trading except in previously established exceptions. This has now been proved by in court against the so called 'Metric Martyrs', a small group of market traders. Despite this, many small market traders still use the customary measures, ci ...

See also:

Imperial unit, Imperial unit - Relation to other systems, Imperial unit - Measures of length, Imperial unit - Measures of area, Imperial unit - Measures of volume, Imperial unit - Measures of weight and mass, Imperial unit - Current use of Imperial units

Read more here: » Imperial unit: Encyclopedia II - Imperial unit - Current use of Imperial units

There have historically been four different English systems of mass: Tower weight, Troy weight, Avoirdupois system, and Apothecaries' system. Tower weight fell out of use (due to legal prohibition) centuries ago, and was never used in the United States. Troy weight is still used to weigh precious metals. Apothecaries weight, once used in pharmacy, has been largely replaced by metric measurements. Avoirdupois weight is th ...

See also:

U.S. customary units, U.S. customary units - Units of length, U.S. customary units - Units of area, U.S. customary units - Units of capacity and volume, U.S. customary units - Volume in general, U.S. customary units - Liquid volume, U.S. customary units - Dry volume, U.S. customary units - Units of mass, U.S. customary units - Avoirdupois weight, U.S. customary units - Apothecaries' weight, U.S. customary units - Troy weight, U.S. customary units - Cooking measures, U.S. customary units - Grain measures, U.S. customary units - Units of temperature, U.S. customary units - Other units

Read more here: » U.S. customary units: Encyclopedia II - U.S. customary units - Units of mass

English unit - Length. poppyseed  ¼ of a barleycorn barleycorn  Basic Anglo-Saxon unit, the length of a corn of barley. The unit survived after 1066, redefined as 1/3 inch. Note the relation to the grain unit of weight. digit  ¾ inch finger  7/8 inch ynch, inch  Anglo Saxon inch, 3 barleycorns. Based on the Roman uncia from 1066. nail  3 digits = 2¼ inches ...

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English unit, English unit - Historical English units, English unit - Length, English unit - Area, English unit - Administrative units, English unit - Volume, English unit - Weight

Read more here: » English unit: Encyclopedia II - English unit - Historical English units

For some, anti-metrication is a form of traditionalism, looking to a history of usage that stretches back centuries or even millennia. Sometimes it is even considered part of patriotism. For traditional argument, however, the U.S. system and the Imperial system are based upon older English units, which in turn have largely Roman and French (e.g. Avoirdupois) roots. The non-metric units have changed values many times throughout history. At the time of the French revolution there were over 5000 variations on the foot alone. Which one wo ...

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Anti-metrication, Anti-metrication - Human scale, Anti-metrication - Multiplication factors, Anti-metrication - Tradition, Anti-metrication - Aesthetics, Anti-metrication - Government compulsion, Anti-metrication - Perception of impracticality in the United States, Anti-metrication - Requiring actions proved impossible in constructive geometry, Anti-metrication - Coherence

Read more here: » Anti-metrication: Encyclopedia II - Anti-metrication - Tradition

The distinction between this imperial system and the U.S. customary units (also called standard units there) or older British/English units/systems and newer additions is often not drawn precisely. Most length units are shared among the Imperial and U.S. systems, albeit partially and temporally defined slightly differently. Capacity measures differ the most due to the introduction of the Imperial gallon and the unification of wet and dry measures. The avoirdupois system only applies to weights; it has a long flavou ...

See also:

Imperial unit, Imperial unit - Relation to other systems, Imperial unit - Measures of length, Imperial unit - Measures of area, Imperial unit - Measures of volume, Imperial unit - Measures of weight and mass, Imperial unit - Current use of Imperial units

Read more here: » Imperial unit: Encyclopedia II - Imperial unit - Relation to other systems

Another complaint regarding SI is the alleged unpleasantness of its terms. Supporters of other systems claim that, being designed for scientific use, most metric terms are “cold”, “harsh” and lack the character of their Imperial counterparts. For example, most common Imperial measurements (except for ‘gallon’ and ‘acre’) are single-syllable (‘inch’, ‘foot’, ‘yard’, ‘mile’, ‘ounce’, ‘pound’, ‘ton’, ‘cup’, ‘pint’, ‘quart’) which would be more “appealing” to the tongue an ...

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Anti-metrication, Anti-metrication - Human scale, Anti-metrication - Multiplication factors, Anti-metrication - Tradition, Anti-metrication - Aesthetics, Anti-metrication - Government compulsion, Anti-metrication - Perception of impracticality in the United States, Anti-metrication - Requiring actions proved impossible in constructive geometry, Anti-metrication - Coherence

Read more here: » Anti-metrication: Encyclopedia II - Anti-metrication - Aesthetics

Another basic argument is that the adoption of metric units has almost always been a matter of government compulsion, prohibiting people from using units they were used to, and that such policies are wrong in principle. The idea of compulsory standards is hardly new, however; in the mid-1820s, for example, the Act for ascertaining and establishing Uniformity of Weights and Measures, signed by George IV, consolidated the various gallons in use at the time and established a new Imperial gallon, simultaneously prohibiting the use ...

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Anti-metrication, Anti-metrication - Human scale, Anti-metrication - Multiplication factors, Anti-metrication - Tradition, Anti-metrication - Aesthetics, Anti-metrication - Government compulsion, Anti-metrication - Perception of impracticality in the United States, Anti-metrication - Requiring actions proved impossible in constructive geometry, Anti-metrication - Coherence

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The units of area in the U.S. customary system are mostly based on the units of length squared, e.g., square inch (sq in, 645.16 mm²). Since the U.S. customary system has two differing definitions of the foot (international and survey), there are also two differing definitions for the square foot. 1 square foot (sq ft) = 144 sq in = 929.0304 cm² 1 square rod (sq rd) = 272.25 sq ft = 25.29285264 m² 1 acre = 10 sq ch = 1 fur × 1 ch = 160 sq rd = 43,560 sq ft = 0.404685642 hectares = 4046.8564224 m² 1 square mile (sq mi) = 27,878,400 sq ft = 3, ...

See also:

U.S. customary units, U.S. customary units - Units of length, U.S. customary units - Units of area, U.S. customary units - Units of capacity and volume, U.S. customary units - Volume in general, U.S. customary units - Liquid volume, U.S. customary units - Dry volume, U.S. customary units - Units of mass, U.S. customary units - Avoirdupois weight, U.S. customary units - Apothecaries' weight, U.S. customary units - Troy weight, U.S. customary units - Cooking measures, U.S. customary units - Grain measures, U.S. customary units - Units of temperature, U.S. customary units - Other units

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One reason that is sometimes stated for opposing metric units is that non-metric systems of measurement were developed organically from actual use. Thus units share names with physical objects, such as the foot, hand, barrel, cord and are therefore properly suited for normal usage, whereas the metric system is based on easy decimal conversion between various units, not natural usage. While this is an obvious counterargument, there are also counter-counterarguments. First is that dimensions of the parts of b ...

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Anti-metrication, Anti-metrication - Human scale, Anti-metrication - Multiplication factors, Anti-metrication - Tradition, Anti-metrication - Aesthetics, Anti-metrication - Government compulsion, Anti-metrication - Perception of impracticality in the United States, Anti-metrication - Requiring actions proved impossible in constructive geometry, Anti-metrication - Coherence

Read more here: » Anti-metrication: Encyclopedia II - Anti-metrication - Human scale

After the 1 July 1959 deadline, agreed upon in 1958, the U.S. and the British yard were defined identically (0.9144 m) to the international yard. Metric equivalents in this article usually assume this latest official definition. Before this date, the most precise measurement of the Imperial Standard Yard was 0.914398416 m (Sears et al. 1928. Phil Trans A 227:281).  *  The pole is also called rod or perch. Until the adoption of the international definition of 1852 metres in 1970, the British nautic ...

See also:

Imperial unit, Imperial unit - Relation to other systems, Imperial unit - Measures of length, Imperial unit - Measures of area, Imperial unit - Measures of volume, Imperial unit - Measures of weight and mass, Imperial unit - Current use of Imperial units

Read more here: » Imperial unit: Encyclopedia II - Imperial unit - Measures of length

The cubic inch, cubic foot and cubic yard are commonly used for measuring volume. In addition, there is one group of units for measuring volumes of liquids, and one for measuring volumes of dry material. Other than the cubic foot, cubic inch and cubic yard, these units are differently sized from the units in the Imperial system, although the names of the units are similar. Also, while the U.S. has separate systems for measuring the volumes of liquids ...

See also:

U.S. customary units, U.S. customary units - Units of length, U.S. customary units - Units of area, U.S. customary units - Units of capacity and volume, U.S. customary units - Volume in general, U.S. customary units - Liquid volume, U.S. customary units - Dry volume, U.S. customary units - Units of mass, U.S. customary units - Avoirdupois weight, U.S. customary units - Apothecaries' weight, U.S. customary units - Troy weight, U.S. customary units - Cooking measures, U.S. customary units - Grain measures, U.S. customary units - Units of temperature, U.S. customary units - Other units

Read more here: » U.S. customary units: Encyclopedia II - U.S. customary units - Units of capacity and volume

The units of area in the U.S. customary system are mostly based on the units of length squared, e.g., square inch (sq in, 645.16 mm²). Since the U.S. customary system has two differing definitions of the foot (international and survey), there are also two differing definitions for the square foot. 1 square foot (sq ft) = 144 sq in = 929.0304 cm² 1 square rod (sq rd) = 272.25 sq ft = 25.29285264 m² 1 acre = 10 sq ch = 1 fur × 1 ch = 160 sq rd = 43,560 sq ft = 4046.8564224 m² 1 square mile (sq mi) = 27,878,400 sq ft = 3, ...

See also:

U.S. customary units, U.S. customary units - Units of length, U.S. customary units - Units of area, U.S. customary units - Units of capacity and volume, U.S. customary units - Volume in general, U.S. customary units - Liquid volume, U.S. customary units - Dry volume, U.S. customary units - Units of mass, U.S. customary units - Avoirdupois weight, U.S. customary units - Apothecaries' weight, U.S. customary units - Troy weight, U.S. customary units - Cooking measures, U.S. customary units - Grain measures, U.S. customary units - Units of temperature, U.S. customary units - Other units

Read more here: » U.S. customary units: Encyclopedia II - U.S. customary units - Units of area

Britain has made some use of three different weight systems, troy weight, used for precious metals, avoirdupois weight, used for most other purposes, and apothecaries' weight, now virtually unused since the metric system is used for all scientific purposes. The use of the troy pound (373.241 721 6 g) was abolished in Britain on January 6, 1879, with only the troy ounce (31.103 476 8 g) and its decimal subdivisions retained. In all the systems, the fundamental unit is the pound, and ...

See also:

Imperial unit, Imperial unit - Relation to other systems, Imperial unit - Measures of length, Imperial unit - Measures of area, Imperial unit - Measures of volume, Imperial unit - Measures of weight and mass, Imperial unit - Current use of Imperial units

Read more here: » Imperial unit: Encyclopedia II - Imperial unit - Measures of weight and mass

The most common cooking weights and measures in the U.S. are as follows: 1 teaspoon = 1/3 tbsp = 1/6 fl oz ≈ 5 mL 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 1/2 fl oz = 4 fl dr ≈ 15 mL 1 cup = 8 fl oz ≈ 240 mL 1 stick (of butter) = 1/4 lb = 4 oz ≈ 115 g See Cooking weights and measures for more details. ...

See also:

U.S. customary units, U.S. customary units - Units of length, U.S. customary units - Units of area, U.S. customary units - Units of capacity and volume, U.S. customary units - Volume in general, U.S. customary units - Liquid volume, U.S. customary units - Dry volume, U.S. customary units - Units of mass, U.S. customary units - Avoirdupois weight, U.S. customary units - Apothecaries' weight, U.S. customary units - Troy weight, U.S. customary units - Cooking measures, U.S. customary units - Grain measures, U.S. customary units - Units of temperature, U.S. customary units - Other units

Read more here: » U.S. customary units: Encyclopedia II - U.S. customary units - Cooking measures

In 1824, Britain adopted a close approximation to the ale gallon known as the Imperial gallon. The Imperial gallon was based on the volume of 10 lb of distilled water weighed in air with brass weights with the barometer standing at 30 in and at a temperature of 62 °F. In 1963, this definition was refined as the space occupied by 10 lb of distilled water of density 0.998 859 g/mL weighed in air of density 0.001 217 g/mL against weights of density 8.136 g/mL. This works out to exactly 4.545 964 591 L, o ...

See also:

Imperial unit, Imperial unit - Relation to other systems, Imperial unit - Measures of length, Imperial unit - Measures of area, Imperial unit - Measures of volume, Imperial unit - Measures of weight and mass, Imperial unit - Current use of Imperial units

Read more here: » Imperial unit: Encyclopedia II - Imperial unit - Measures of volume

The system for measuring length in the United States' customary system is based on the inch, foot, yard, and mile. However, for each of these units there exist two slightly different definitions, yielding two different systems of measure - international measure, and U.S. survey measure. The relationships between the different units within each measure is the same, but each measure has a ...

See also:

U.S. customary units, U.S. customary units - Units of length, U.S. customary units - Units of area, U.S. customary units - Units of capacity and volume, U.S. customary units - Volume in general, U.S. customary units - Liquid volume, U.S. customary units - Dry volume, U.S. customary units - Units of mass, U.S. customary units - Avoirdupois weight, U.S. customary units - Apothecaries' weight, U.S. customary units - Troy weight, U.S. customary units - Cooking measures, U.S. customary units - Grain measures, U.S. customary units - Units of temperature, U.S. customary units - Other units

Read more here: » U.S. customary units: Encyclopedia II - U.S. customary units - Units of length