autocracy

This article applies to political ideologies. For information on authoritarianism in psychology see Authoritarian Personality. The term authoritarian is used to describe an organization or a state which enforces strong and sometimes oppressive measures against those in its sphere of influence, generally without attempts at gaining their consent and often not allowing feedback on its policies. In an authoritarian state, citizens are subject to state authority in many aspects of their lives, including many that othe ...

Including:

• Authoritarianism - Authoritarianism and ideology
• Authoritarianism - Actions of authoritarian governments
• Authoritarianism - Economic arguments for authoritarianism

Read more here: » Authoritarianism: Encyclopedia - Authoritarianism

Authoritarianism often arises from the governing bodies' presumption that they know what is right or wrong for the country and from intolerance of dissent. The government then enforces what it thinks is right, often with use of considerable force and sometimes in blatant violation of human rights. Dissenting voices are ignored, or, more strikingly, are considered to be plotting against the best interests of the country. Such was, for instance, the case duri ...

See also:

Authoritarianism, Authoritarianism - Authoritarianism and ideology, Authoritarianism - Actions of authoritarian governments, Authoritarianism - Economic arguments for authoritarianism

Read more here: » Authoritarianism: Encyclopedia II - Authoritarianism - Authoritarianism and ideology

Autarchy, in American English can refer either to a form of self-government, or to the absolute rule of an individual. The word comes from the Greek autarkhos (απολυταρχία), "auto" meaning self and "arkhos" meaning "ruler". Traditionally, autarchy refers to a system of absolutism (see also: autocracy, despotism, dictatorship, monocracy, tyranny). It also implies a state enjoying absolute sovereignty. In its self-government meaning, autarchy refers to a libertarian idea, championed by Robert LeFevre, of stateless self-governance, distinct from anarchism (a system which many ...

Read more here: » Autarchy: Encyclopedia - Autarchy

Arthashastra (also spelt Arthasastra) is an ancient Indian treatise on economics and politics written sometime between the 4th century BC and 150 AD by the 'kingmaker' Chanakya (also known as Kautilya or Vishnugupta) during the early years of the Mauryan Empire. Arthashastra - Themes. Arthashastra is most simply translated as Economics. Literally, it is variously translated from the Sanskrit as Science of Wealth, Science of Material Gain or Science of Poli ...

Including:

• Arthashastra - Themes
• Arthashastra - Books of Arthashashtra
• Arthashastra - The Rajarishi
• Arthashastra - Duties of the King
• Arthashastra - Internal Strife
• Arthashastra - Comments on Vices
• Arthashastra - Training of a future King
• Arthashastra - The training of a Prince

Read more here: » Arthashastra: Encyclopedia - Arthashastra

The Republic of Belarus is a landlocked nation-state in Eastern Europe, which borders Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia and Ukraine. Its capital city is Minsk, and other important cities include Brest, Grodno (Hrodna), Gomel (Homyel'), Mahilyow and Vitebsk. Throughout much of history, the area which is now known as Belarus was part of various countries including Lithuania, Poland and the Russian Empire. Eventually, in 1922, Belarus became a republic in the Soviet Union as the Byelorussian SSR. The republic officially declared i ...

Including:

• Belarus - History of the name
• Belarus - History
• Belarus - Politics
• Belarus - Subdivisions
• Belarus - Geography
• Belarus - Economy
• Belarus - Demographics
• Belarus - Culture
• Belarus - Related topics
• Belarus - International rankings

Read more here: » Belarus: Encyclopedia - Belarus

The Yuuzhan Vong are a race of sentient beings from the fictional Star Wars Expanded Universe that rise as a threat to the New Republic in the New Jedi Order series of novels. The Yuuzhan Vong, and their Chazrach slaves, are the only known alien species in the Star Wars universe to have originated outside the Star Wars galaxy. They are a race of religious zealot masochists. They genetically engineer and grow all of their organic technology and view mechanical technology as blasphemy. The Yuuzhan Vong endeavor to i ...

Including:

• Yuuzhan Vong - Society Description
• Yuuzhan Vong - The Supreme Overlord Caste
• Yuuzhan Vong - The Shaper Caste
• Yuuzhan Vong - The Priest Caste
• Yuuzhan Vong - The Warrior Caste
• Yuuzhan Vong - The Intendant Caste
• Yuuzhan Vong - The Worker Caste
• Yuuzhan Vong - History
• Yuuzhan Vong - Technology
• Yuuzhan Vong - Deities
• Yuuzhan Vong - Yun-Yuuzhan
• Yuuzhan Vong - Yun-Harla
• Yuuzhan Vong - Yun-Yammka
• Yuuzhan Vong - Yun-Ne'Shel
• Yuuzhan Vong - The Lover Gods
• Yuuzhan Vong - Yun-Shuno

Read more here: » Yuuzhan Vong: Encyclopedia - Yuuzhan Vong

Vlad III Dracula (also known as Vlad Ţepeş IPA: /'tsepeʃ/ in Romanian or Vlad the Impaler) (November/December, 1431 – December 1476) reigned as Voivode (Prince) of Wallachia in 1448, 1456 to 1462 and 1476. He was born in Sighişoara, a small town in Transylvania. He led an independent policy in relation to the Ottoman Empire. He is known in Turkish as Kaziglu Bey, or "the Impaler Prince", and is ...

Including:

• Vlad III Dracula - Background and family
• Vlad III Dracula - The life of Vlad III
• Vlad III Dracula - Alledged atrocities
• Vlad III Dracula - Anecdotal evidence
• Vlad III Dracula - Nine anecdotes
• Vlad III Dracula - The vampire myth and the Romanian attitudes

Read more here: » Vlad III Dracula: Encyclopedia - Vlad III Dracula

Triad (Simplified: 三合会; Traditional: 三合會; Hanyu Pinyin: Sānhéhuì; literally "Triad Society") is a collective term that describes many branches of an underground society and organizations based in Hong Kong and also operating in Mainland China, Macao, and Chinatowns in Europe, North America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. There are about 50 triad groups that are active in modern Hong Kong; many of them are no more than small, local street gangs. The larger groups, including t ...

Including:

• Triad - History of triads
• Triad - Precursor to triads—Tian Di Hui
• Triad - Post-imperial developments
• Triad - Migration to Hong Kong
• Triad - Sustenance from 1980s
• Triad - Activities overseas
• Triad - Recent developments
• Triad - Triad groups
• Triad - The 14K Triad
• Triad - The Sun Yee On
• Triad - The Wo Group
• Triad - Triad culture
• Triad - Triad organizational structure
• Triad - Gang fighting
• Triad - Organized crime
• Triad - Dealing with triad problems in schools
• Triad - How triads are tackled in Hong Kong
• Triad - Portrayal of triad societies in popular culture
• Triad - Public figures alleged to have or have had triad ties
• Triad - List of Triads Tongs and Chinese Gangs
• Triad - Triads
• Triad - Tongs
• Triad - Chinese Gangs
• Triad - Miscellaneous information

Read more here: » Triad: Encyclopedia - Triad

Charles Milles Manson (born November 12, 1934) was the leader of a group known as "The Family", in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Manson convinced his young followers of his apocalyptic vision and still has a considerable amount of control over some of the former family members who are still alive. He planned and ordered the family to commit several brutal murders, most notably that of movie actress Sharon Tate who was pregnant at the time. He was convicted of murder in what came to be known as the "Tate-La Bianca case", named after ...

Including:

• Charles Manson - Life
• Charles Manson - The Family
• Charles Manson - The Killings
• Charles Manson - Possible Motive
• Charles Manson - Trial
• Charles Manson - Aftermath
• Charles Manson - Media influence
• Charles Manson - Parole hearings
• Charles Manson - References and further reading
• Charles Manson - Books
• Charles Manson - Films

Read more here: » Charles Manson: Encyclopedia - Charles Manson

Anti-authoritarianism is opposition to authoritarianism, which is defined as "concentration of power in a leader or an elite not constitutionally responsible to the people" or the doctrine that advocates such absolutism in rule, as in autocracy, despotism, dictatorship, and totalitarianism. [1] [2] The term anti-authoritarism is typically extended to include a rejection of all forms of political, social, and economic coercion. Anti-authortiarian also refers to those who reject the authoritarian nature nation-states and o ...

Read more here: » Anti-authoritarian: Encyclopedia - Anti-authoritarian

One controversial belief, especially in Asia, is that countries with authoritarian regimes are more likely to be economically successful than democratic countries. Examples given to support this thesis are South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, and Taiwan, which were considered authoritarian during their period of growth. This notion of developmental authoritarianism is a central justification for the rule of the Communist Party of China within the People's Republic of China. (The notion that authoritarian government is ultimately superior to democracy was also part of the idea of Asian values ...

See also:

Authoritarianism, Authoritarianism - Authoritarianism and ideology, Authoritarianism - Actions of authoritarian governments, Authoritarianism - Economic arguments for authoritarianism

Read more here: » Authoritarianism: Encyclopedia II - Authoritarianism - Economic arguments for authoritarianism

There exists a gradation in authoritarianism, as well as a variety of possible authoritarian behaviors. Authoritarianism may exist under different regimes: Absolute monarchies are almost always authoritarian. For instance, criticizing the royal government of France under the ancien régime could get writers etc. imprisoned by executive order (known as a lettre de cachet). Dictatorships are always authoritarian. Democracies are normally not autho ...

See also:

Authoritarianism, Authoritarianism - Authoritarianism and ideology, Authoritarianism - Actions of authoritarian governments, Authoritarianism - Economic arguments for authoritarianism

Read more here: » Authoritarianism: Encyclopedia II - Authoritarianism - Actions of authoritarian governments

There exists a gradation in authoritarianism, as well as a variety of possible authoritarian behaviors. Authoritarianism may exist under different regimes: Absolute monarchies are almost always authoritarian. For instance, criticizing the royal government of France under the ancien régime could get writers etc. imprisoned by executive order (known as a lettre de cachet). Dictatorships are always authoritarian. Democracies do not exhibit much authoritarian behavior except in transition to or from ...

See also:

Authoritarianism, Authoritarianism - Authoritarianism and ideology, Authoritarianism - Actions of authoritarian governments, Authoritarianism - Economic arguments for authoritarianism

Read more here: » Authoritarianism: Encyclopedia II - Authoritarianism - Actions of authoritarian governments

Guanches (also: Guanchis or Guanchos) were the first known inhabitants of the Canary Islands. This people, whose origin is uncertain, were still at a Stone Age level when the Europeans first arrived in the Middle Ages. Their culture as such has since disappeared, although some traces can still be found. Guanches - Historical background. The native term Guanchinet means "man of Tenerife" (from Guan = person and Chinet = Tenerife). It was corrupted, according to Juan Núñez ...

Including:

• Guanches - Historical background
• Guanches - Political System
• Guanches - Clothes and Weapons
• Guanches - Funerals
• Guanches - Religion
• Guanches - Appearance
• Guanches - Guanche people

Read more here: » Guanches: Encyclopedia - Guanches

History of Nepal - Toponymy. The toponym "Nepal" may derive from the Sanskrit nipalaya, which means "at the foot of the mountains" or "abode at the foot," a reference to its location in relation to the Himalayas. Thus, it may be an Eastern equivalent of the European toponym "Piedmont." It has also been suggested that the name comes from the Tibetan niyampal, which means "holy land". ...

See also:

History of Nepal, History of Nepal - Ancient History, History of Nepal - Modern History, History of Nepal - Toponymy, History of Nepal - Formation, History of Nepal - Rana Administration, History of Nepal - Democratic Reform, History of Nepal - Democratic Failure, History of Nepal - Civil War Begins, History of Nepal - 2001 to the Present

Read more here: » History of Nepal: Encyclopedia II - History of Nepal - Modern History

On September 14, 2001, the Kyrgyz Ministry of Interior declared it had implemented "passport control regime" against "pro-Islamic" activists in the southern part of Kyrgyzstan. Following the reelction of President Askar Akayev in 2003, the government reportedly "intensified" harassment of political opposition members, independent media groups, religious groups and ethnic minorities, according to Human Rights Watch. [1] In advance of elections in February 2005, the Akayev government reportedly increased political restrictions on Kyrgyz citizens, in order, according to some outside observers, to prevent a "democrat ...

See also:

Human rights in Kyrgyzstan, Human rights in Kyrgyzstan - History, Human rights in Kyrgyzstan - Andijan incident

Read more here: » Human rights in Kyrgyzstan: Encyclopedia II - Human rights in Kyrgyzstan - History

Solovetsky Monastery was founded in the late 1420s by monks Zosima and Savvatiy of Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the monastery quickly enlarged its estate, which was situated on the shores of the White Sea and the rivers falling into it. Solovetsky Monastery extended its producing and commercial activity, becoming an economic and political center of the White Sea region. Archmandrites of the monastery were appointed by the tsar himself and the patriarch. In 1765, Solovetsky Monastery became stauropegic (from Greek: stauros - cross, pegio - to affi ...

See also:

Solovetsky Monastery, Solovetsky Monastery - History, Solovetsky Monastery - Layout

Read more here: » Solovetsky Monastery: Encyclopedia II - Solovetsky Monastery - History

Prince Vasily Vasilievich (1643-1714) was probably the greatest Russian statesman of the 17th century. He spent his early days at the court of Tsar Alexius where he gradually rose to the rank of boyar. In 1676 he was sent to Ukraine to keep in order the Crimean Tatars and took part in the Chigirin campaign. Personal experience of the inconveniences and dangers of the prevailing system of preferment; the so-called mestnichestvo, or rank priority, which had paralysed the Russian armies for centuries, induced him to propose its abo ...

See also:

Galitzine, Galitzine - Origins, Galitzine - Vasily Vasilievich Galitzine, Galitzine - Boris Alexeevich Galitzine, Galitzine - Dmitriy Mikhailovich Galitzine, Galitzine - Other notable Galitzines, Galitzine - Reference

Read more here: » Galitzine: Encyclopedia II - Galitzine - Vasily Vasilievich Galitzine

The early 1990s brought measurable change to the Kyrgyz Republic. The Kyrgyzstan Democratic Movement (KDM) had developed into a significant political force with support in parliament. In an upset victory, Askar Akayev, the president of the Kyrgyz Academy of Sciences, was elected to the presidency in October 1990. The following January, Akayev introduced new government structures and appointed a new government comprised mainly of younger, reform-oriented politicians. In December 1990, the Supreme Soviet voted to change the republic's name to ...

See also:

Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyzstan - Early History, Kyrgyzstan - The Soviet Era, Kyrgyzstan - Independent Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyzstan - Politics, Kyrgyzstan - Provinces, Kyrgyzstan - Geography, Kyrgyzstan - Enclaves and exclaves, Kyrgyzstan - Economy, Kyrgyzstan - Demographics, Kyrgyzstan - Culture, Kyrgyzstan - Flag, Kyrgyzstan - Holidays, Kyrgyzstan - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Kyrgyzstan: Encyclopedia II - Kyrgyzstan - Independent Kyrgyzstan

It is often argued that the victors use their political dominance to suppress their defeated enemies' version of historical events in favor of their own propaganda. A classic example of history being written by the victors would be the scarcity of unbiased information that has come down to us about the Carthaginians. Roman historians left tales of cruelty and human sacrifice practiced by their longtime enemies, but as the Carthaginians w ...

See also:

Philosophy of history, Philosophy of history - Unit of study, Philosophy of history - History is written by the victors, Philosophy of history - Patterns in the past, Philosophy of history - Motive engine of history, Philosophy of history - Political philosophy and the philosophy of history, Philosophy of history - History and education

Read more here: » Philosophy of history: Encyclopedia II - Philosophy of history - History is written by the victors