Authorship of the Johannine works

The Johannine works are the Gospel of John, the first, second,and third epistles of John, and the Book of Revelation. All five show certain similarities in theological background, but also certain differences, leading to the current debate. All of these books of the New Testament have traditionally been attributed to John the Apostle, assumed to be identical to John the Evangelist; however, especially since the rise of higher criticism, the question of the authorship of the Johannine works has been disputed. Before the rise of ...

Including:

• Authorship of the Johannine works - History of use of the Johannine works
• Authorship of the Johannine works - History of critical scholarship
• Authorship of the Johannine works - The Gospel
• Authorship of the Johannine works - Literary criticism in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
• Authorship of the Johannine works - More recent criticism
• Authorship of the Johannine works - Historicity
• Authorship of the Johannine works - Authorship
• Authorship of the Johannine works - First epistle
• Authorship of the Johannine works - Second and third epistles
• Authorship of the Johannine works - Revelation

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Authorship of the Johannine works - Literary criticism in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Although the critical movement reached almost complete agreement about the two-source hypothesis for the Synoptic Gospels, no agreement has been reached about the literary sources for the Johannine works. A perhaps typical example of a critical theory of the development of these was provided by Julius Wellhausen in 1908. He hypothesized a base document which was heavily modified by a later editor. He claimed to ...

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Authorship of the Johannine works, Authorship of the Johannine works - History of use of the Johannine works, Authorship of the Johannine works - History of critical scholarship, Authorship of the Johannine works - The Gospel, Authorship of the Johannine works - Literary criticism in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Authorship of the Johannine works - More recent criticism, Authorship of the Johannine works - Historicity, Authorship of the Johannine works - Authorship, Authorship of the Johannine works - First epistle, Authorship of the Johannine works - Second and third epistles, Authorship of the Johannine works - Revelation

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History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Father Christ the Son The Holy Spirit The Bible Old Testament New Testament Apocrypha The Gospels Ten Commandments Sermon on the Mount Christian theology Salvation · Grace Christian worship Christian Church Catholi ...

Including:

• New Testament - What is the New Testament?
• New Testament - Books of the New Testament
• New Testament - The Gospels
• New Testament - History
• New Testament - Epistles
• New Testament - Prophecy
• New Testament - New Testament Apocrypha
• New Testament - Language
• New Testament - The History of Translation and Usage of the Phrase New Testament
• New Testament - Gospel sources
• New Testament - Authorship
• New Testament - Date of composition
• New Testament - The canonization of the New Testament
• New Testament - New Testament Text Types
• New Testament - Views on New Testament authority
• New Testament - Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy
• New Testament - Protestantism

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The phrase disciple whom Jesus loved or Beloved Disciple is used several times in the Gospel of John. It is the Beloved Disciple who asks Jesus during the Last Supper who it is that will betray him. During the crucifixion, Jesus indicates the Beloved Disciple and tells his mother "Woman, here is your son." To the Beloved Disciple he says, "Here is your mother." When Mary Magdalene discovers the empty tomb, she runs to tell the Beloved Disciple and Simon Peter. The Beloved Disciple is the first to reach the empty t ...

Including:

• Disciple whom Jesus loved - Identity of the Beloved Disciple
• Disciple whom Jesus loved - John the Evangelist
• Disciple whom Jesus loved - John the Apostle
• Disciple whom Jesus loved - Mary Magdalene
• Disciple whom Jesus loved - Others
• Disciple whom Jesus loved - Meaning of the phrase

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The Pauline epistles are those books in the New Testament that are traditionally attributed to Paul of Tarsus. The authorship of the Pauline epistles is a subject of much debate. The New Testament contains thirteen letters explicitly ascribed to Paul and one anonymous letter, Hebrews, traditionally attributed to Paul. Nearly every modern scholar agrees that Paul was the author of seven letters, often referred to as the "undisputed epistles" (Romans, 1 & 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians, and Philemon). ...

Including:

• Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Criteria used by scholars
• Authorship of the Pauline epistles - The undisputed epistles
• Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Colossians
• Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Ephesians
• Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Traditional arguments for Pauline Authorship
• Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Recent arguments against Pauline Authorship
• Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Modern rebuttals to arguments against authenticity
• Authorship of the Pauline epistles - The Second Epistle to the Thessalonians
• Authorship of the Pauline epistles - The Pastoral Epistles
• Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Hebrews
• Authorship of the Pauline epistles - History of the Pauline canon

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All Christian groups respect the New Testament, but they differ in their understanding of the nature, extent, and relevance of its authority. Views of the authoritativeness of the New Testament often depend on the concept of inspiration, which relates to the role of God in the formation of the New Testament. Generally, the greater the role of God in one's doctrine of inspiration, the more one accepts the doctrine of Biblical inerrancy and/or authoritativeness of the Bible. One possible source of confusion is that these terms are diffi ...

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New Testament, New Testament - What is the New Testament?, New Testament - Books of the New Testament, New Testament - The Gospels, New Testament - History, New Testament - Epistles, New Testament - Prophecy, New Testament - New Testament Apocrypha, New Testament - Language, New Testament - The History of Translation and Usage of the Phrase New Testament, New Testament - Gospel sources, New Testament - Authorship, New Testament - Date of composition, New Testament - The canonization of the New Testament, New Testament - New Testament Text Types, New Testament - Views on New Testament authority, New Testament - Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy, New Testament - Protestantism

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Disciple whom Jesus loved - John the Evangelist. Since the Beloved Disciple does not appear in any of the other New Testament gospels, it has been traditionally seen as a self-reference to John the Evangelist. The gospel writer indicates (in John 21:24) that the Beloved Disciple is testifying to the accounts told in John's gospel. Disciple whom Jesus loved - John the Apostle. Others see John the Apostle as the Beloved Disciple. An issue in the identification of the Beloved Disc ...

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Disciple whom Jesus loved, Disciple whom Jesus loved - Identity of the Beloved Disciple, Disciple whom Jesus loved - John the Evangelist, Disciple whom Jesus loved - John the Apostle, Disciple whom Jesus loved - Mary Magdalene, Disciple whom Jesus loved - Others, Disciple whom Jesus loved - Meaning of the phrase

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Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Traditional arguments for Pauline Authorship. It seems that there are few doubts in the early church that Paul was the author of the letter to the Ephesians. Early church fathers with authority use quotations from this letter in their writings. Examples can be seen in the writing of Tertullian (Against Marcion 5.22.17) , Clement of Alexandria ( Str 4.65) and St Irenaeus (Her 5.2.3). It is unlikely that such figures in the early church would have quoted the letter wit ...

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Authorship of the Pauline epistles, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Criteria used by scholars, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - The undisputed epistles, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Colossians, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Ephesians, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Traditional arguments for Pauline Authorship, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Recent arguments against Pauline Authorship, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Modern rebuttals to arguments against authenticity, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - The Second Epistle to the Thessalonians, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - The Pastoral Epistles, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Hebrews, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - History of the Pauline canon

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There are no preserved lists of a Christian canon from the first century and early second century. If such lists were made, they have not been preserved. The two earliest extant lists of canons containing Paul's letters are from the late second century. One of them does not contain all of the Pauline letters. These two canons are: A canon written by Marcion, the founder of Marcionism (similar to gnosticism), heretical sect. Marcion did not include any of the Gospels except a version of the Gospel of Luke, which according ...

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Authorship of the Pauline epistles, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Criteria used by scholars, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - The undisputed epistles, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Colossians, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Ephesians, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Traditional arguments for Pauline Authorship, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Recent arguments against Pauline Authorship, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Modern rebuttals to arguments against authenticity, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - The Second Epistle to the Thessalonians, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - The Pastoral Epistles, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Hebrews, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - History of the Pauline canon

Read more here: » Authorship of the Pauline epistles: Encyclopedia II - Authorship of the Pauline epistles - History of the Pauline canon

John of Patmos is the name given to the author of the Book of Revelation in the New Testament. According to the text of Revelation, the author, who gives his name as "John", is living in exile on the Greek island of Patmos. In Revelation, he writes to the seven Christian churches in Asia to relate two apocalytic visions he has had. John of Patmos is often referred to as John the Divine, in reference to the divination he received which constitutes Revelation. Indeed the full title of the Book of Revelation is The apoca ...

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The book of Revelation or The Apocalypse of John (IPA: /əˈpɑkəlɪps/, from Greek ἀποκάλυψις ἀπο or apo- ["away from"] and κάλυψις or kaluptein ["cover"]—meaning literally "to pull the cover away from") is the last canonical book of the New Testament in the Bible. It is the only biblical book that is wholly composed of apocalyptic literature. The book is frequently called ...

Including:

• Book of Revelation - Authorship Audience and Date
• Book of Revelation - Major Schools of Interpretation
• Book of Revelation - Interpretative Views of Revelation as Biblical Prophecy
• Book of Revelation - The Preterist View
• Book of Revelation - The Futurist View
• Book of Revelation - The Historicist View
• Book of Revelation - The Spiritual or Idealist View
• Book of Revelation - The Eastern Orthodox View
• Book of Revelation - Historical-Critical Interpretation
• Book of Revelation - The Beast from the Sea
• Book of Revelation - The Beast from the Earth
• Book of Revelation - Footnotes
• Book of Revelation - Directly related
• Book of Revelation - General

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The Gospel of John is the fourth gospel in the sequence of the canon as printed in the New Testament, and scholars agree it was the fourth to be written. Like the other three gospels, it contains an account of the life of Jesus. The Church Fathers believed only The Gospel of John and The Gospel of Matthew to be written by apostles of Jesus. The Gospel of John is the most divergent of the four. While the "beloved disciple," who is traditionally identified as John the Apostle, has previously been regar ...

Including:

• Gospel of John - Authorship and date
• Gospel of John - Sources
• Gospel of John - Handling of source material
• Gospel of John - Structure
• Gospel of John - Popular Passages in the Gospel
• Gospel of John - Characteristics of the Gospel of John
• Gospel of John - Other characteristics unique to John
• Gospel of John - Chapters

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The Epistle to the Hebrews does not explicitly name its own author, although church tradition held it to have been Paul. However, since the style is so different, the authorship was distinctly disputed even in ancient times; early church authorities even went so far as to acknowledge the distinct appearance of a different author. Attempts to resolve this issue whilst holding on to the idea of Pauline authorship, in order to give the text authoritative weight, produced the argument that the difference was due to Paul ...

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Authorship of the Pauline epistles, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Criteria used by scholars, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - The undisputed epistles, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Colossians, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Ephesians, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Traditional arguments for Pauline Authorship, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Recent arguments against Pauline Authorship, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Modern rebuttals to arguments against authenticity, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - The Second Epistle to the Thessalonians, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - The Pastoral Epistles, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Hebrews, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - History of the Pauline canon

Read more here: » Authorship of the Pauline epistles: Encyclopedia II - Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Hebrews

The First Epistle to Timothy, the Second Epistle to Timothy, and the Epistle to Titus -- often referred to as the Pastoral Epistles -- are the most disputed of all the epistles bearing Paul's name. These epistles were rejected by Marcion, who considered only the other ten epistles by Paul and his version of the Gospel of Luke to be canon. Tertullian expressed his astonishment at Marcion's omission, and all the Church Fathers accepted these letters as being from Paul. Beginning in the early 19th century, many German Biblical scho ...

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Authorship of the Pauline epistles, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Criteria used by scholars, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - The undisputed epistles, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Colossians, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Ephesians, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Traditional arguments for Pauline Authorship, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Recent arguments against Pauline Authorship, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Modern rebuttals to arguments against authenticity, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - The Second Epistle to the Thessalonians, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - The Pastoral Epistles, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Hebrews, Authorship of the Pauline epistles - History of the Pauline canon

Read more here: » Authorship of the Pauline epistles: Encyclopedia II - Authorship of the Pauline epistles - The Pastoral Epistles

The English phrase New Testament ultimately comes from the Hebrew language. New Testament is taken from the Latin Novum Testamentum. This in turn is a translation of the earlier Greek Καινή Διαθήκη (pronounced in modern Greek as Keni Dhiathiki). This Greek phrase is found in the original Greek language of the New Testament, and found even earlier in the Greek translation of the Old Testament that is called the Septuagint. At Jeremiah 31:31, the Septuagint translated this phrase into Greek from the original Hebrew ברית ח ...

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New Testament, New Testament - What is the New Testament?, New Testament - Books of the New Testament, New Testament - The Gospels, New Testament - History, New Testament - Epistles, New Testament - Prophecy, New Testament - New Testament Apocrypha, New Testament - Language, New Testament - The History of Translation and Usage of the Phrase New Testament, New Testament - Gospel sources, New Testament - Authorship, New Testament - Date of composition, New Testament - The canonization of the New Testament, New Testament - New Testament Text Types, New Testament - Views on New Testament authority, New Testament - Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy, New Testament - Protestantism

Read more here: » New Testament: Encyclopedia II - New Testament - The History of Translation and Usage of the Phrase New Testament

The New Testament was written by many different people. The traditional view is that all the books were written by apostles or their followers (e.g. Mark and Luke). For example, Papius wrote about 140 AD, "This also the presbyter said: Mark, having become the interpreter of Peter, wrote down accurately, though not in order, whatsoever he remembered of the things said or done by Christ. For he neither heard the Lord nor followed him, but afterward, as I said, he followed Peter, who adapted his teaching to the needs of his hearers, but with no ...

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New Testament, New Testament - What is the New Testament?, New Testament - Books of the New Testament, New Testament - The Gospels, New Testament - History, New Testament - Epistles, New Testament - Prophecy, New Testament - New Testament Apocrypha, New Testament - Language, New Testament - The History of Translation and Usage of the Phrase New Testament, New Testament - Gospel sources, New Testament - Authorship, New Testament - Date of composition, New Testament - The canonization of the New Testament, New Testament - New Testament Text Types, New Testament - Views on New Testament authority, New Testament - Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy, New Testament - Protestantism

Read more here: » New Testament: Encyclopedia II - New Testament - Authorship

The common language spoken in the time of Jesus was Aramaic. However, the original text of the New Testament was most likely written in Koine Greek, the vernacular dialect in first-century Roman provinces, and has since been widely translated into other languages, most notably Latin, Syriac, and Coptic. (However, some of the church fathers seem to imply that Matthew was originally written in Hebrew or more likely Aramaic, and there is another contention that the author of the Epistle to the Hebrews wrote in Hebrew, which was translated into ...

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New Testament, New Testament - What is the New Testament?, New Testament - Books of the New Testament, New Testament - The Gospels, New Testament - History, New Testament - Epistles, New Testament - Prophecy, New Testament - New Testament Apocrypha, New Testament - Language, New Testament - The History of Translation and Usage of the Phrase New Testament, New Testament - Gospel sources, New Testament - Authorship, New Testament - Date of composition, New Testament - The canonization of the New Testament, New Testament - New Testament Text Types, New Testament - Views on New Testament authority, New Testament - Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy, New Testament - Protestantism

Read more here: » New Testament: Encyclopedia II - New Testament - Language

The 27 books of the New Testament were written by various authors at various times and places. Unlike the Old Testament, the New Testament was written in a relatively narrow span of time, probably over less than a century, from c. AD 50 to c. AD 125. The following is a list of the New Testament books, followed by the author traditionally associated with that book. New Testament - The Gospels. The Gospels focus on the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus: The Gospel of Matthew - Matthew, a ta ...

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New Testament, New Testament - What is the New Testament?, New Testament - Books of the New Testament, New Testament - The Gospels, New Testament - History, New Testament - Epistles, New Testament - Prophecy, New Testament - New Testament Apocrypha, New Testament - Language, New Testament - The History of Translation and Usage of the Phrase New Testament, New Testament - Gospel sources, New Testament - Authorship, New Testament - Date of composition, New Testament - The canonization of the New Testament, New Testament - New Testament Text Types, New Testament - Views on New Testament authority, New Testament - Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy, New Testament - Protestantism

Read more here: » New Testament: Encyclopedia II - New Testament - Books of the New Testament

The New Testament, sometimes called the Greek Testament or Greek Scriptures, is the name given to the part of the Christian Bible that was written after the birth of Jesus. It includes four ancient biographies of Jesus (called Gospels), an ancient history of the early Christians (the book of Acts), early letters (epistles) written by Christian leaders, and Christian prophecies (the Apocalypse, also called the book of Revelation). In recent times, the term New Covenant is also used by some ...

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New Testament, New Testament - What is the New Testament?, New Testament - Books of the New Testament, New Testament - The Gospels, New Testament - History, New Testament - Epistles, New Testament - Prophecy, New Testament - New Testament Apocrypha, New Testament - Language, New Testament - The History of Translation and Usage of the Phrase New Testament, New Testament - Gospel sources, New Testament - Authorship, New Testament - Date of composition, New Testament - The canonization of the New Testament, New Testament - New Testament Text Types, New Testament - Views on New Testament authority, New Testament - Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy, New Testament - Protestantism

Read more here: » New Testament: Encyclopedia II - New Testament - What is the New Testament?

The process of canonization was complex and lengthy. It was characterized by a compilation of books that early Christians found inspiring in worship and teaching, relevant to the historical situations in which they lived, and consonant with the Hebrew Testament (early Christian communities were primarily Jewish). In this way, the books considered authoritative revelation of the New Covenant were not hammered out in large, bureaucratic Church council meetings, but in the secret worship sessions of lower-class peasa ...

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New Testament, New Testament - What is the New Testament?, New Testament - Books of the New Testament, New Testament - The Gospels, New Testament - History, New Testament - Epistles, New Testament - Prophecy, New Testament - New Testament Apocrypha, New Testament - Language, New Testament - The History of Translation and Usage of the Phrase New Testament, New Testament - Gospel sources, New Testament - Authorship, New Testament - Date of composition, New Testament - The canonization of the New Testament, New Testament - New Testament Text Types, New Testament - Views on New Testament authority, New Testament - Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy, New Testament - Protestantism

Read more here: » New Testament: Encyclopedia II - New Testament - The canonization of the New Testament