This article applies to political ideologies. For information on authoritarianism in psychology see Authoritarian Personality. The term authoritarian is used to describe an organization or a state which enforces strong and sometimes oppressive measures against those in its sphere of influence, generally without attempts at gaining their consent and often not allowing feedback on its policies. In an authoritarian state, citizens are subject to state authority in many aspects of their lives, including many that othe ...

Including:

• Authoritarianism - Authoritarianism and ideology
• Authoritarianism - Actions of authoritarian governments
• Authoritarianism - Economic arguments for authoritarianism

Read more here: » Authoritarianism: Encyclopedia - Authoritarianism

See also:

Authoritarianism, Authoritarianism - Authoritarianism and ideology, Authoritarianism - Actions of authoritarian governments, Authoritarianism - Economic arguments for authoritarianism

Read more here: » Authoritarianism: Encyclopedia II - Authoritarianism - Actions of authoritarian governments

There exists a gradation in authoritarianism, as well as a variety of possible authoritarian behaviors. Authoritarianism may exist under different regimes: Absolute monarchies are almost always authoritarian. For instance, criticizing the royal government of France under the ancien régime could get writers etc. imprisoned by executive order (known as a lettre de cachet). Dictatorships are always authoritarian. Democracies do not exhibit much authoritarian behavior except in transition to or from ...

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Authoritarianism, Authoritarianism - Authoritarianism and ideology, Authoritarianism - Actions of authoritarian governments, Authoritarianism - Economic arguments for authoritarianism

Read more here: » Authoritarianism: Encyclopedia II - Authoritarianism - Actions of authoritarian governments

In punk thought, authority corrupts humans to intolerable extremes. Police, religion, governments, and any other institution that has the ability to coerce is seen as dangerous and despicable. Authority leads always to corruption and abuse. Punk ideas concerning authority derive in part from the political ideology of anarchism. Police brutality and institutionalized discrimination against punks also account for this stance on autho ...

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Punk ideology, Punk ideology - History, Punk ideology - Politics, Punk ideology - Authoritarianism, Punk ideology - Conformity, Punk ideology - Militarism, Punk ideology - Selling out, Punk ideology - Capitalism, Punk ideology - Religion, Punk ideology - Patriotism, Punk ideology - The Media, Punk ideology - Environmentalism, Punk ideology - Aesthetics, Punk ideology - Music, Punk ideology - Fashion, Punk ideology - Visual arts, Punk ideology - Ethics, Punk ideology - Non-conformity, Punk ideology - Do it yourself, Punk ideology - Direct Action, Punk ideology - Vegetarians veganism and animal rights, Punk ideology - Criticisms of Punk Ideology, Punk ideology - Other Punk ideologies, Punk ideology - List of Punk Ideologies, Punk ideology - Summary, Punk ideology - Links to songs, Punk ideology - On The Decline Of Man, Punk ideology - On Government, Punk ideology - On conformity, Punk ideology - On authoritarianism, Punk ideology - On non-conformity, Punk ideology - On conspiracy theories, Punk ideology - On drug legalization, Punk ideology - On racism and homophobia, Punk ideology - On concerns of totalitarianism, Punk ideology - On vegetarians veganism and animal rights, Punk ideology - On heroes, Punk ideology - On consumerism, Punk ideology - On work, Punk ideology - On militarism, Punk ideology - On society, Punk ideology - On selling out, Punk ideology - On religion, Punk ideology - On the media, Punk ideology - On environmentalism, Punk ideology - On Direct Action, Punk ideology - Books and essays on Punk ideology, Punk ideology - Important people in Punk ideology, Punk ideology - Bibliography, Punk ideology - Current punk community websites.

Read more here: » Punk ideology: Encyclopedia II - Punk ideology - Authoritarianism

Authoritarianism often arises from the governing bodies' presumption that they know what is right or wrong for the country and from intolerance of dissent. The government then enforces what it thinks is right, often with use of considerable force and sometimes in blatant violation of human rights. Dissenting voices are ignored, or, more strikingly, are considered to be plotting against the best interests of the country. Such was, for instance, the case duri ...

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Authoritarianism, Authoritarianism - Authoritarianism and ideology, Authoritarianism - Actions of authoritarian governments, Authoritarianism - Economic arguments for authoritarianism

Read more here: » Authoritarianism: Encyclopedia II - Authoritarianism - Authoritarianism and ideology

Anti-authoritarianism is opposition to authoritarianism, which is defined as "concentration of power in a leader or an elite not constitutionally responsible to the people" or the doctrine that advocates such absolutism in rule, as in autocracy, despotism, dictatorship, and totalitarianism. [1] [2] The term anti-authoritarism is typically extended to include a rejection of all forms of political, social, and economic coercion. Anti-authortiarian also refers to those who reject the authoritarian nature nation-states and o ...

Read more here: » Anti-authoritarian: Encyclopedia - Anti-authoritarian

From 1936 to 1941, Greece was ruled by a authoritarian regime under the leadership of General Ioannis Metaxas akin to that of Franco's Spain. The recognized historians of the period in Greek history, such as Richard Clogg, John Hondros, William McNeill, and C.M. Woodhouse and others all strongly contend that the state was not "fascist" but authoritarian with fascist "trappings." The Metaxas regime differed from regimes such as Mussolini's and Hitler's in many notable ways: it was relatively nonviolent, did not pursue an expansionist agenda, ...

Including:

• 4th of August Regime - Origins of the regime
• 4th of August Regime - Classical influences
• 4th of August Regime - External influences
• 4th of August Regime - Greek Authoritarianism
• 4th of August Regime - Attempts at Social control
• 4th of August Regime - Nationalism
• 4th of August Regime - Economic policy
• 4th of August Regime - The end of the Fourth of August regime
• 4th of August Regime - Legacy

Read more here: » 4th of August Regime: Encyclopedia - 4th of August Regime

Autocracy is a form of government in which unlimited power is held by a single individual. An emperor may rise to power through heredity, but is referred to as an autocrat rather than a monarch when his power overshadows his bloodline. The term autocrat is derived from the Greek word autokratôr (lit. "self-ruler", "ruler of one's self"). Today it is usually seen as synonymous to despot, tyrant and/or dictator, though each of these terms originally had a separate and d ...

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The criticism of religion includes criticism of the concept of religion itself, criticism of the practice of religion, and criticism of the consequences of religion on humanity as a whole. The singular word religion is used here referring to the concept of religion, rather than a particular religion or any group of religions. This page is about criticism of religion in general, as opposed to criticism of any specific religion. Criticism of Religion - Social construct. One criticism of religion is the ...

Including:

• Criticism of Religion - Social construct
• Criticism of Religion - Irrationality
• Criticism of Religion - Intellectual confinements
• Criticism of Religion - Dogmatism
• Criticism of Religion - Arbitrary restrictions
• Criticism of Religion - Eschatologically Irresponsible
• Criticism of Religion - Moral deficiency
• Criticism of Religion - Narcissism
• Criticism of Religion - Opium of the people
• Criticism of Religion - Authoritarian
• Criticism of Religion - Political opposition
• Criticism of Religion - Religious wars
• Criticism of Religion - Specific religions

Read more here: » Criticism of Religion: Encyclopedia - Criticism of Religion

A presidential system, or a congressional system, is a system of government of a republic where the executive branch is elected separately from the legislative. The defining characteristic of a presidential government is how the executive is elected, but nearly all presidential systems share the following features: The president is both head of state and head of government. The president has no formal relationship with the legislature. He is not a voting member, nor can he introduce bills. ...

Including:

• Presidential system - Types of presidents
• Presidential system - Perceived advantages of presidential systems
• Presidential system - Direct mandate
• Presidential system - Separation of powers
• Presidential system - Speed and decisiveness
• Presidential system - Stability
• Presidential system - Perceived disadvantages of presidential systems
• Presidential system - Tendency towards authoritarianism
• Presidential system - Separation of powers
• Presidential system - Impediments to leadership change
• Presidential system - Differences from a cabinet system
• Presidential system - The reality
• Presidential system - Democracies with a presidential system of government

Read more here: » Presidential system: Encyclopedia - Presidential system

The German Centre Party (Deutsche Zentrumspartei or merely Zentrum), often called the Catholic Centre Party, was a Catholic political party in Germany during the Kaiserreich and the Weimar Republic. The party dissolved itself on July 6, 1933, shortly before the conclusion of a Concordat between the Holy See and Germany. After World War II, the party was refounded, but could not rise again to its former importance, as most of its members joined the new CDU party. However, the Centre party still exists to thi ...

Including:

• Centre Party Germany - Origins of Political Catholicism
• Centre Party Germany - Catholic groups in the Prussian Diet
• Centre Party Germany - The Soest programme and the founding of the Centre party
• Centre Party Germany - Kulturkampf
• Centre Party Germany - Out of the tower!
• Centre Party Germany - In War and Revolution
• Centre Party Germany - In the Weimar Republic
• Centre Party Germany - The Brüning administration
• Centre Party Germany - Between coup d'etat and authoritarian democracy
• Centre Party Germany - The Hitler government and new elections
• Centre Party Germany - The Enabling Act
• Centre Party Germany - The end of the Centre Party
• Centre Party Germany - Refounding and post-war history
• Centre Party Germany - External link

Read more here: » Centre Party Germany: Encyclopedia - Centre Party Germany

Those persons who cling to fascist ideologies, according to the theory, distinguish themselves through their inappropriate, prejudice-laden view of social and political relationships. From this background in their personal history arose the assumption that the emergence of certain phenomena such as anti-Semitism and ethnocentrism stands in close connection with this particular personality structure. Because fascistic groupings get support essentially from the right-conservative camp (although that does not suggest that the right-conservative ...

See also:

Authoritarian personality, Authoritarian personality - History of the Term, Authoritarian personality - Theory of the Authoritarian Personality, Authoritarian personality - Psychoanalytic Aspect, Authoritarian personality - Extent of Validity

Read more here: » Authoritarian personality: Encyclopedia II - Authoritarian personality - Theory of the Authoritarian Personality

Adorno and his colleagues regarded the fundamental basis of this presumed system of personality qualities and its linkage to certain attitudes according to a psychoanalytic viewpoint: experiences in early childhood and their internalization. Freud's psychoanalytic theory suggests that values and norms that are first represented in the person of the father are internalized in the course of the child's development. From these the first unconscious stage of the so-called superego develop. The grappling with an authoritarian, very strict ...

See also:

Authoritarian personality, Authoritarian personality - History of the Term, Authoritarian personality - Theory of the Authoritarian Personality, Authoritarian personality - Psychoanalytic Aspect, Authoritarian personality - Extent of Validity

Read more here: » Authoritarian personality: Encyclopedia II - Authoritarian personality - Psychoanalytic Aspect

Although the first usage of the term "authoritarian personality" goes back to Abraham Maslow in 1943, whose work in turn rests upon Erich Fromm's theory of the authoritarian character, in its essentials it has been marked by the 1950 study The Authoritarian Personality by Theodor W. Adorno, Else Frenkel-Brunswik, Daniel J. Levinson and R. Nevitt Sanford. Conducted at the University of California at Berkeley, the study was part of a large research project aimed at examining the psychological bases of anti-Semitic prejudices. The resear ...

See also:

Authoritarian personality, Authoritarian personality - History of the Term, Authoritarian personality - Theory of the Authoritarian Personality, Authoritarian personality - Psychoanalytic Aspect, Authoritarian personality - Extent of Validity

Read more here: » Authoritarian personality: Encyclopedia II - Authoritarian personality - History of the Term

The RWA construct was refined by Robert Altemeyer, drawing on Adorno's post-WWII research on the concept of an authoritarian personality which contained conservative, pro-fascist, prejudiced and ethnocentric beliefs. Altemeyer found that three facets of this authoritarian personality were important: conventionalism, authoritarian aggression and authoritarian submission. Conventionalism is the tendency to accept and obey social conventions and the rules of authority figures. Authoritarian aggression is characterised by an aggres ...

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Right Wing Authoritarianism, Right Wing Authoritarianism - Connection with Social Dominance Orientation, Right Wing Authoritarianism - History of the RWA Theory, Right Wing Authoritarianism - Early Development of RWA

Read more here: » Right Wing Authoritarianism: Encyclopedia II - Right Wing Authoritarianism - History of the RWA Theory

The authoritarian faction centered around the student Monday Club. There was an alleged but unproved crossover between the membership of the authoritarian faction and the membership of both the British National Party and the National Front. These originated from the links between the authoritarian faction and the Monday Club and the short-lived membership of prominent authoritarian, Stuart Millson, in the BNP. Others have argued that the 'authoritarian' faction was the only grouping in the FC ...

See also:

Federation of Conservative Students, Federation of Conservative Students - Factionalism, Federation of Conservative Students - The Wet Faction, Federation of Conservative Students - The Authoritarian Faction, Federation of Conservative Students - The Libertarian Faction

Read more here: » Federation of Conservative Students: Encyclopedia II - Federation of Conservative Students - The Authoritarian Faction

The term authoritarian is used to describe an organization, an institution or a state which enforces strong and sometimes oppressive measures against those within its sphere of influence, generally without any attempts at gaining their consent and often not allowing negative feedback on its policies. The degree in which a religion is authoritarian can be estimated by How much influence the religion laws has on the laws of the land. How heretics are tolerated. How apostates ar ...

See also:

Criticism of Religion, Criticism of Religion - Social construct, Criticism of Religion - Irrationality, Criticism of Religion - Intellectual confinements, Criticism of Religion - Dogmatism, Criticism of Religion - Arbitrary restrictions, Criticism of Religion - Eschatologically Irresponsible, Criticism of Religion - Moral deficiency, Criticism of Religion - Narcissism, Criticism of Religion - Opium of the people, Criticism of Religion - Authoritarian, Criticism of Religion - Political opposition, Criticism of Religion - Religious wars, Criticism of Religion - Specific religions

Read more here: » Criticism of Religion: Encyclopedia II - Criticism of Religion - Authoritarian

Post-leftists argue that anarchism has been weakened by its long attachment to contrary "leftist" movements and single-issue causes (anti-war, anti-nuclear, etc.). It calls for a synthesis of anarchist thought and a specifically anti-authoritarian revolutionary movement outside of the authoritarian leftist milieu. It sometimes focuses on the individual rather than speaking in terms of class and in some cases shuns organizational tendencies in favor of attempts at absence of hierarchy, with some attention paid to the fa ...

See also:

Post-left anarchy, Post-left anarchy - Arguments, Post-left anarchy - Conflicts with Authoritarian Leftism, Post-left anarchy - Proponents and Detractors

Read more here: » Post-left anarchy: Encyclopedia II - Post-left anarchy - Conflicts with Authoritarian Leftism

The Metaxas regime sought to comprehensively change Greece, and therefore instituted controls on Greek society, politics, language, and the economy. In each of these, the Metaxas government followed more closely the policies of Spain than of Nazi Germany or fascist Italy. 4th of August Regime - Attempts at Social control. Having come to power with the stated intent of restoring public order, Metaxas' state largely achieved this goal, under the supervision of what can be described as its most fa ...

See also:

4th of August Regime, 4th of August Regime - Origins of the regime, 4th of August Regime - Classical influences, 4th of August Regime - External influences, 4th of August Regime - Greek Authoritarianism, 4th of August Regime - Attempts at Social control, 4th of August Regime - Nationalism, 4th of August Regime - Economic policy, 4th of August Regime - The end of the Fourth of August regime, 4th of August Regime - Legacy

Read more here: » 4th of August Regime: Encyclopedia II - 4th of August Regime - Greek Authoritarianism

Following Brüning's resignation, the Centre Party entered the opposition. Though they also opposed the National Socialists, their energies were directed mainly against the renegade Papen, whom they – not without cause – accused of lusting for dictatorship. Also some Centre politicians were soothed by Hitler's strategy of legality into downplaying the Nazi threat. This hampered their ability of being a bulwark of the republic against the rising National Socialists. In regard to the government, the Centre Party rejected a "temporal ...

See also:

Centre Party Germany, Centre Party Germany - Origins of Political Catholicism, Centre Party Germany - Catholic groups in the Prussian Diet, Centre Party Germany - The Soest programme and the founding of the Centre party, Centre Party Germany - Kulturkampf, Centre Party Germany - Out of the tower!, Centre Party Germany - In War and Revolution, Centre Party Germany - In the Weimar Republic, Centre Party Germany - The Brüning administration, Centre Party Germany - Between coup d'etat and authoritarian democracy, Centre Party Germany - The Hitler government and new elections, Centre Party Germany - The Enabling Act, Centre Party Germany - The end of the Centre Party, Centre Party Germany - Refounding and post-war history, Centre Party Germany - External link

Read more here: » Centre Party Germany: Encyclopedia II - Centre Party Germany - Between coup d'etat and authoritarian democracy