With respect to authentication, an "ancient document" is one that may be deemed authentic without a witness to attest to the circumstances of its creation because its age suggests that it is unlikely to have been falsified in anticipation of the litigation in which it is introduced. Under the Federal Rules of Evidence ("FRE"), a document is deemed authentic if it as: at least twenty years old; in a condition that makes it free from suspicion concerning its authenticity; and found in a place ...

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Ancient document, Ancient document - Authentication, Ancient document - Hearsay

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The first successful password-authenticated key agreement methods were Encrypted Key Exchange methods described by Bellovin and Merritt in 1992. Although several of the first methods were flawed, the surviving and enhanced forms of EKE effectively amplify a shared password into a shared key, where the shared may subsequently be used to provide a zero-knowledge password proof or other functions. The first password-authentic ...

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Password-authenticated key agreement, Password-authenticated key agreement - Brief history

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OpenSSH server can authenticate users using its built-in authentication systems: public key, keyboard-interactive (passwords and challenge-response), Kerberos/GSSAPI. In addition, OpenSSH can often make use of additional authentication methods available on its host operating system. This can include using the BSD authentication system (bsd_auth) or PAM to enable authentication t ...

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OpenSSH, OpenSSH - History, OpenSSH - Trademark, OpenSSH - Portability, OpenSSH - Programs included, OpenSSH - Secure tunnels, OpenSSH - Authentication

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As with any evidence, the proponent of digital evidence must lay the proper foundation. Courts largely concerned themselves with the reliability of such digital evidence. As such, early court decisions required that authentication called "for a more comprehensive foundation." US v. Scholle, 553 F.2d 1109 (8th Cir. 1976). As courts, like society, became more familiar with digital documents, they backed away from the higher standard. Courts have since held "computer data compilations… should be treated as any other re ...

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Digital evidence, Digital evidence - Authentication, Digital evidence - Best evidence rule, Digital evidence - Hearsay, Digital evidence - Privilege

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Plein Soleil was heralded by critics and made Delon a star. It has a loyal following even today, including film director Martin Scorsese. The movie has been cited as similar to Highsmith's novel in tone, style, and especially in the characterization of Tom Ripley. Out of all the actors who have played Ripley in movie adaptations of books in Highsmith's "Ripliad" series, critics, including Highsmith herself, have called Delon's characterization the closest to her version of the character: a charismatic psychopath who lies, manip ...

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Plein Soleil, Plein Soleil - Acclaim Authenticity and Influence, Plein Soleil - External link

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From the very opening line of the song, Rogers' paints a very plausible and authentic image of a privateering vessel. He dates the tale as taking place in 1778, at the height of the American Revolution, when privateering was a common activity, particularly based out of Nova Scotia on the British side. Rogers' choice of names, nautical terminology, and details of weapons and places all accurately reflect historical fact. < ...

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Barrett's Privateers, Barrett's Privateers - Plot, Barrett's Privateers - Historical authenticity, Barrett's Privateers - The Antelope, Barrett's Privateers - Debate, Barrett's Privateers - Sherbrooke, Barrett's Privateers - Main truck

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Anonymous key exchange, like Diffie-Hellman, does not provide authentication of the parties, and is thus vulnerable to man in the middle (MITM) attack. A wide variety of cryptographic authentication schemes and protocols have been developed to provide authenticated key agreement to prevent man-in-the-middle and related attacks. These methods generally mathematically bind the agreed key to other agreed-upon data, such as: Public/private key pairs Shared secret keys Passwords See also:

Key-agreement protocol, Key-agreement protocol - Exponential key exchange, Key-agreement protocol - Authentication, Key-agreement protocol - Public keys, Key-agreement protocol - Hybrid systems, Key-agreement protocol - Passwords, Key-agreement protocol - Other tricks, Key-agreement protocol - Shared secret keys

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Many of the instruments of early music disappeared from widespread use, around the beginning of the Classical era. Others continued in use, but greatly altered their sound quality and playing characteristics in the course of the 19th century. In either case, when older instruments, or reconstructed versions of them, are used, they are called original instruments or period instruments. The discussion below (see also Organology) covers instruments that had to be revived entirely, followed by instruments whose earlier form was rediscovered.

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Authentic performance, Authentic performance - Authentic performance compared to traditional musical practice, Authentic performance - Early instruments, Authentic performance - Harpsichord, Authentic performance - Viol, Authentic performance - Recorder, Authentic performance - Other instruments, Authentic performance - Changed instruments, Authentic performance - Singing, Authentic performance - Recovering early performance practices, Authentic performance - Interpreting musical notation, Authentic performance - Linguistic issues, Authentic performance - Tuning, Authentic performance - Issues in authentic performance, Authentic performance - Variety of opinion, Authentic performance - Authenticity or contemporary taste?, Authentic performance - Nomenclature, Authentic performance - Books

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VPN involves two parts: the protected or "inside" network that provides physical security and administrative security sufficing to protect transmission (somehow, it is not always the case), and a less trust-worthy or "outside" network or segment (Internet is the largest "jungle"). Generally, a firewall sits between a remote user's workstation or client and the host network or server. As the user's client establishes the communication with the firewall, the client may pass authentication data to an authentication service inside the perimeter. ...

See also:

Virtual private network, Virtual private network - Authentication mechanism, Virtual private network - Types of VPNs, Virtual private network - Characteristics in application, Virtual private network - Tunneling

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Since CBS utilized only faxed and photocopied duplicates, authentication to professional standards is likely to be impossible regardless of the provenance of the originals. Accordingly, no generally recognized document experts have positively authenticated the memos. The authenticity of the documents as purported photocopies of valid originals has been challenged on a variety of grounds ranging from alleged anachronisms of their typography, their quick reproducibility using modern technology, and to supposed errors in their content an ...

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Killian documents, Killian documents - Background and timeline, Killian documents - Content of the memos, Killian documents - CBS investigations prior to airing the segment, Killian documents - Response of the document examiners, Killian documents - The Segment September 8, Killian documents - Initial skepticism, Killian documents - CBS's response, Killian documents - Response statement Carr interview, Killian documents - CBS states that use of the documents was a mistake, Killian documents - Review panel established, Killian documents - CBS response to the panel findings, Killian documents - Views about authenticity: contemporaries colleagues and Killian relatives, Killian documents - Explanatory theories for the possibility of forgery, Killian documents - An attempt to harm Bush?, Killian documents - An attempt to help Bush?, Killian documents - Authentication issues, Killian documents - Independent experts, Killian documents - Notes

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The Gospel of Matthew is even more interesting. Scholars not only agree that this Gospel was based on Mark, ‘Q’ source and ‘M’ source, but they further believe that the Canonical Matthean Gospel was not written by Matthew, and it was not written in Hebrew! Since the Early Church Fathers spoke of a Gospel of Matthew that was written in Hebrew by the Apostle Matthew when Matthew left to join Peter in Rome, there has been speculation that there were two Gospels of Matthew. One is the Canonical Matthean Gospel found in the Bible, the other, authentic Matthew, which has been lost. Th ...

See also:

The Historical-Critical Method, The Historical-Critical Method - Lower Criticism, The Historical-Critical Method - Higher Criticism, The Historical-Critical Method - Authentic Matthew, The Historical-Critical Method - External link

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VPN involves two parts: the protected or "inside" network that provides physical security and administrative security sufficing to protect transmission (somehow, it is not always the case), and a less trust-worthy or "outside" network or segment (Internet is the largest "jungle"). Generally, a firewall sits between a remote user's workstation or client and the host network or server. As the user's client establishes the communication with the firewall, the client may pass authentication data to an authentication service inside the perimeter. ...

See also:

Virtual private network, Virtual private network - Authentication mechanism, Virtual private network - Types of VPNs, Virtual private network - Characteristics in application, Virtual private network - Tunneling, Virtual private network - The four types of VPN secure dialog

Read more here: » Virtual private network: Encyclopedia II - Virtual private network - Authentication mechanism

A comparison with the quoted Latin source shows that these sites give a seriously mistranslated text. Worse, much of the text – in particular, the entire paragraphs "I swear ... defined and declared" and "Accordingly, without exclusion ... blasphemous venture", and the phrase "I will put outside the Church whoever dares to go against this oath, may it be somebody else or I" – is a mere invention, with no basis whatever in the Latin document. However, there is no need to have recourse to such a comparison to see that the published text is inauthentic. An examination of the text its ...

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Papal Oath, Papal Oath - The text of the alleged oath, Papal Oath - Source quoted, Papal Oath - Authenticity of the text published on Traditionalist websites, Papal Oath - Alleged use in coronation ceremonies

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Until the early 4th century, there was controversy in the Western Church over the authorship of Second Peter. In the East as well, the work was not accepted universally for an even longer period; the Syriac Church only admitted it into the canon in the 6th century. It is to be noted, however, that the church historian Eusebius remarks on Origen's reference to the epistle before 250. In the collection of Cyprian's letters, the Bishop Firmilian speaks in favor of authenticity. Many scholars have noted the similarities between pseudo-Sec ...

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Saint Peter, Saint Peter - Name, Saint Peter - Life, Saint Peter - Roman Catholic Church, Saint Peter - His writings, Saint Peter - Further detail on the authenticity of Second Peter, Saint Peter - Pseudepigrapha

Read more here: » Saint Peter: Encyclopedia II - Saint Peter - Further detail on the authenticity of Second Peter

Prophet - Jewish views. According to Deuteronomy 18:21-22, one should judge a prophet by checking whether his predictions come true. The book contains several warnings about false prophets and is very specific about the test of whether a prophet is true or false. (For detail, see main article False prophet) Prophet - Christian views. According to the Bible, Jesus said that one should judge a prophet by his fruits. (Gospel of Matthew 7). In addition Christianity recognize ...

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Prophet, Prophet - Sociological taxonomy of prophets, Prophet - Pagan Greek and Roman oracles, Prophet - Prophets in the Tanakh Hebrew Bible, Prophet - Prophets in Jewish thought, Prophet - Christian concepts of a prophet, Prophet - Latter-day Saint concept of prophets, Prophet - Jehovah's Witnesses concepts of a prophet, Prophet - Unification Church, Prophet - The Islamic concept of prophet, Prophet - The Bahá'í concept of prophet, Prophet - The Direct Worship concept of prophet, Prophet - Tenrikyo concept of prophet, Prophet - Other prophets, Prophet - Assessment of the prophet's authenticity and false prophets, Prophet - Jewish views, Prophet - Christian views, Prophet - Muslim views, Prophet - Prophets in science-fiction and fantasy

Read more here: » Prophet: Encyclopedia II - Prophet - Assessment of the prophet's authenticity and false prophets

Prophet - Jewish views. According to Deuteronomy 18:21-22, one should judge a prophet by checking whether his predictions come true. The book contains several warnings about false prophets and is very specific about the test of whether a prophet is true or false. (For detail, see main article False prophet) Prophet - Christian views. According to the Bible, Jesus said that one should judge a prophet by his fruits. ( Gospel of Matthew 7). In addition Christianity recogniz ...

See also:

Prophet, Prophet - Sociological taxonomy of prophets, Prophet - Pagan Greek and Roman oracles, Prophet - Prophets in the Tanakh Hebrew Bible, Prophet - Prophets in Jewish thought, Prophet - Christian concepts of a prophet, Prophet - Latter-day Saint concept of prophets, Prophet - Jehovah's Witnesses concepts of a prophet, Prophet - Unification Church, Prophet - The Islamic concept of prophet, Prophet - The Bahá'í concept of prophet, Prophet - The Direct Worship concept of prophet, Prophet - Tenrikyo concept of prophet, Prophet - Other prophets, Prophet - Assessment of the prophet's authenticity and false prophets, Prophet - Jewish views, Prophet - Christian views, Prophet - Muslim views, Prophet - Prophets in science-fiction and fantasy

Read more here: » Prophet: Encyclopedia II - Prophet - Assessment of the prophet's authenticity and false prophets

Those who doubt the prophecy's authenticity claim that the prophecy's mottoes fit the earlier popes much better than they do those elected after the document's first publication. Such similarities as exist between the later popes and their mottoes can be seen as a product of coincidence and the mottoes' vagueness; that is to say, these later prophecies are susceptible to a confirmation bias. For example, the association of John Paul II with the motto De labore Solis ("the Sun's labor"), due to his birth and funeral both oc ...

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Prophecy of the Popes, Prophecy of the Popes - Provenance, Prophecy of the Popes - Scepticism and authenticity, Prophecy of the Popes - Interpretation, Prophecy of the Popes - Popes and corresponding mottos, Prophecy of the Popes - Contemporary Popes and the Prophecy, Prophecy of the Popes - Pope Pius X Ignis ardens, Prophecy of the Popes - Pope Benedict XV Religio depopulata, Prophecy of the Popes - Pope Pius XI Fides intrepida, Prophecy of the Popes - Pope Pius XII Pastor angelicus, Prophecy of the Popes - Pope John XXIII Pastor et Nauta, Prophecy of the Popes - Pope Paul VI Flos florum, Prophecy of the Popes - Pope John Paul I De medietate Lunae, Prophecy of the Popes - Pope John Paul II De labore Solis, Prophecy of the Popes - Pope Benedict XVI Gloria Olivae, Prophecy of the Popes - Petrus Romanus

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Although traditionally a favourite comfort food among Canadians, Can/Chinese cuisine has in recent years experienced something of a backlash. This has been partly due to the perception that it is unhealthy, owing to its preference for deep frying and oils, saturated fats, and MSG. Also, detractors hold that Canadian-Chinese cuisine is not "real" Chinese food, and ought to be avoided in favour of more traditional Chinese cuisines. There is a difference between Canadian-Chinese cuisine and the traditional Cantonese cuisine from which it ...

See also:

Canadian Chinese cuisine, Canadian Chinese cuisine - History, Canadian Chinese cuisine - Authentic and inauthentic, Canadian Chinese cuisine - Staples, Canadian Chinese cuisine - Culture, Canadian Chinese cuisine - Canadian Chinese restaurants

Read more here: » Canadian Chinese cuisine: Encyclopedia II - Canadian Chinese cuisine - Authentic and inauthentic

There are at least two sets of county boundaries that have been put forward as the true and genuine traditional borders. The dispute is whether to accept an Act of Parliament in 1844 which purported to modify the counties by abolishing the many enclaves of counties within others, or whether to reject this as mere administrative convenience. The Act itself says the detached parts shall "be considered" to be part of the county they locally lie in, not that they "shall be". However, this is a matter of disagreement within the traditional ...

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Traditional counties of England, Traditional counties of England - The counties, Traditional counties of England - Origin, Traditional counties of England - Traditional subdivisions, Traditional counties of England - Authenticity and anomalies, Traditional counties of England - Usage, Traditional counties of England - Counties and urban areas, Traditional counties of England - The traditional counties movement

Read more here: » Traditional counties of England: Encyclopedia II - Traditional counties of England - Authenticity and anomalies

No generally recognized document experts have positively authenticated the memos. Several individuals with expertise in typewriters or computer typography regard the documents as forgeries based on typographical analysis. These include Peter Tytell, a document examiner and typewriter expert [83], Thomas Phinney, an Adobe computer font expert [84]< ...

See also:

Killian documents, Killian documents - Background and timeline, Killian documents - Content of the memos, Killian documents - CBS investigations prior to airing the segment, Killian documents - Response of the document examiners, Killian documents - The Segment September 8, Killian documents - Initial skepticism, Killian documents - CBS's response, Killian documents - Response statement Carr interview, Killian documents - CBS states that use of the documents was a mistake, Killian documents - Review panel established, Killian documents - CBS response to the panel findings, Killian documents - Views about authenticity: contemporaries colleagues and Killian relatives, Killian documents - Explanatory theories for the possibility of forgery, Killian documents - An attempt to harm Bush?, Killian documents - An attempt to help Bush?, Killian documents - Detailed analysis of authentication issues, Killian documents - Typographical questions, Killian documents - Content and Formatting, Killian documents - Independent experts, Killian documents - Notes

Read more here: » Killian documents: Encyclopedia II - Killian documents - Detailed analysis of authentication issues

In dissecting Hollywood's "world of illusion" Wilder carefully placed the story within as authentic a setting as possible and made use of Hollywood history. Norma Desmond's name is believed to have been inspired by William Desmond Taylor, who had been murdered in 1922, and his close associate and friend Mabel Normand, whose career was ruined by scandals surrounding the murder. ^{See also:}

Sunset Boulevard 1950 film, Sunset Boulevard 1950 film - Plot, Sunset Boulevard 1950 film - Background, Sunset Boulevard 1950 film - Casting, Sunset Boulevard 1950 film - Writing, Sunset Boulevard 1950 film - Key creative personnel, Sunset Boulevard 1950 film - Touches of authenticity, Sunset Boulevard 1950 film - Reaction to the film, Sunset Boulevard 1950 film - Awards, Sunset Boulevard 1950 film - After Sunset Boulevard, Sunset Boulevard 1950 film - The film's current stature, Sunset Boulevard 1950 film - Other films about Hollywood, Sunset Boulevard 1950 film - The musical version, Sunset Boulevard 1950 film - The name of the film

Read more here: » Sunset Boulevard 1950 film: Encyclopedia II - Sunset Boulevard 1950 film - Touches of authenticity

Network Switching Subsystem - Description. The Authentication Centre or AUC is a function to authenticate each SIM card that attempts to connect to the GSM core network (typically when the phone is powered on). Once the authentication is successful, the HLR is allowed to manage the SIM and services described above. An encryption key is also generated that is subsequently used to encrypt all wireless communicati ...

See also:

Network Switching Subsystem, Network Switching Subsystem - Mobile services Switching Centre MSC, Network Switching Subsystem - Description, Network Switching Subsystem - Other GSM Core Network Elements connected to the MSC, Network Switching Subsystem - Procedures implemented, Network Switching Subsystem - Home Location Register HLR, Network Switching Subsystem - Description, Network Switching Subsystem - Other GSM Core Network Elements connected to the HLR, Network Switching Subsystem - Procedures implemented, Network Switching Subsystem - Authentication Centre AUC, Network Switching Subsystem - Description, Network Switching Subsystem - Other GSM Core Network Elements connected to the AUC, Network Switching Subsystem - Procedures implemented, Network Switching Subsystem - Visitors Location Register VLR, Network Switching Subsystem - Description, Network Switching Subsystem - Other GSM Core Network Elements connected to the VLR, Network Switching Subsystem - Procedures implemented, Network Switching Subsystem - EIR, Network Switching Subsystem - Other support functions, Network Switching Subsystem - BC, Network Switching Subsystem - SMSC, Network Switching Subsystem - MMSC, Network Switching Subsystem - VMS, Network Switching Subsystem - Lawful interception functions

Read more here: » Network Switching Subsystem: Encyclopedia II - Network Switching Subsystem - Authentication Centre AUC