Aurangzeb - Defiance of the Sikhs and the rise of the Khalsa

Abu Muzaffar Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir (Persian: ابو مظفر محی الدین محمد اورنگزیب عالمگیر) (November 3, 1618 – March 3, 1707), usually known as Aurangzeb, but also sometimes as Alamgir I, was the ruler of the Mughal Empire from 1658 until 1707. He was and is a very controversial figure in Indian history. Unlike his predecessors, Aurangzeb led a remarkably austere and pious life. Strict adherence to Islam and Sharia (Islamic law)—as he interpreted them—were ...

Including:

• Aurangzeb - Rise to throne
• Aurangzeb - Early life
• Aurangzeb - War of succession
• Aurangzeb - Aurangzeb's Reign
• Aurangzeb - Enforcement of Islamic law
• Aurangzeb - Expansion of the empire
• Aurangzeb - Conversion of non-Muslims
• Aurangzeb - Hindu temple desecration
• Aurangzeb - Impact of Aurangzeb's reign
• Aurangzeb - Hindu rebellion
• Aurangzeb - The Deccan wars and the rise of the Marathas
• Aurangzeb - Defiance of the Sikhs and the rise of the Khalsa
• Aurangzeb - Legacy
• Aurangzeb - Commentary by recent historians
• Aurangzeb - Wolpert
• Aurangzeb - Manas Group UCLA

Read more here: » Aurangzeb: Encyclopedia - Aurangzeb

Aurangzeb - Enforcement of Islamic law. The Mughals had for the most part been tolerant of non-Muslims, allowing them to practice their customs and religion without too much interference. Though certain Muslim laws had been in place during earlier reigns -- prohibitions against building new Hindu temples, for example, or on the tax on non-Muslims (the Jizyah), enforcement by earlier emperors had been lax, encour ...

See also:

Aurangzeb, Aurangzeb - Rise to throne, Aurangzeb - Early life, Aurangzeb - War of succession, Aurangzeb - Aurangzeb's Reign, Aurangzeb - Enforcement of Islamic law, Aurangzeb - Expansion of the empire, Aurangzeb - Conversion of non-Muslims, Aurangzeb - Hindu temple desecration, Aurangzeb - Impact of Aurangzeb's reign, Aurangzeb - Hindu rebellion, Aurangzeb - The Deccan wars and the rise of the Marathas, Aurangzeb - Defiance of the Sikhs and the rise of the Khalsa, Aurangzeb - Legacy, Aurangzeb - Commentary by recent historians, Aurangzeb - Wolpert, Aurangzeb - Manas Group UCLA

Read more here: » Aurangzeb: Encyclopedia II - Aurangzeb - Aurangzeb's Reign

As a reaction to Aurangzeb's political and religious expansionist policies, and to his discriminatory laws, a momentous change occurred in India. India's politics had been previously based on tribal and geographic boundaries, but now peoples began to identify and align according to their religions. This development would inform all subsequent Indian history. Aurangzeb - Hindu rebellion. M ...

See also:

Aurangzeb, Aurangzeb - Rise to throne, Aurangzeb - Early life, Aurangzeb - War of succession, Aurangzeb - Aurangzeb's Reign, Aurangzeb - Enforcement of Islamic law, Aurangzeb - Expansion of the empire, Aurangzeb - Conversion of non-Muslims, Aurangzeb - Hindu temple desecration, Aurangzeb - Impact of Aurangzeb's reign, Aurangzeb - Hindu rebellion, Aurangzeb - The Deccan wars and the rise of the Marathas, Aurangzeb - Defiance of the Sikhs and the rise of the Khalsa, Aurangzeb - Legacy, Aurangzeb - Commentary by recent historians, Aurangzeb - Wolpert, Aurangzeb - Manas Group UCLA

Read more here: » Aurangzeb: Encyclopedia II - Aurangzeb - Impact of Aurangzeb's reign

Aurangzeb's influence continues through the centuries, affecting not only India, but Asia, and the world. He was the first ruler to attempt to impose Sharia law on a non-Muslim country. His critics, principally Hindu, decry this as intolerance. His supporters, mostly Muslims, applaud him, some calling him a pir or Caliph. He engaged in nearly perpetual war, justifying the ensuing death and destruction on moral and religious grounds. His one-pointed devotion to conquest and control based on his personal world-view has continuing ...

See also:

Aurangzeb, Aurangzeb - Rise to throne, Aurangzeb - Early life, Aurangzeb - War of succession, Aurangzeb - Aurangzeb's Reign, Aurangzeb - Enforcement of Islamic law, Aurangzeb - Expansion of the empire, Aurangzeb - Conversion of non-Muslims, Aurangzeb - Hindu temple desecration, Aurangzeb - Impact of Aurangzeb's reign, Aurangzeb - Hindu rebellion, Aurangzeb - The Deccan wars and the rise of the Marathas, Aurangzeb - Defiance of the Sikhs and the rise of the Khalsa, Aurangzeb - Legacy, Aurangzeb - Commentary by recent historians, Aurangzeb - Wolpert, Aurangzeb - Manas Group UCLA

Read more here: » Aurangzeb: Encyclopedia II - Aurangzeb - Legacy

Aurangzeb - Wolpert. Stanley Wolpert writes in his New History of India ISBN 0195166779 (Oxford, 2003) ...Yet the conquest of the Deccan, to which [Aurangzeb] devoted the last 26 years of his life, was in many ways a Pyrrhic victory, costing an estimated hundred thousand lives a year during its last decade of futile chess game warfare...The expense in gold and rupees can hardly be accurately estimated. [Aurangzeb]'s moving capital alone- a city of tents 30 miles in circumference, some 250 baza ...

See also:

Aurangzeb, Aurangzeb - Rise to throne, Aurangzeb - Early life, Aurangzeb - War of succession, Aurangzeb - Aurangzeb's Reign, Aurangzeb - Enforcement of Islamic law, Aurangzeb - Expansion of the empire, Aurangzeb - Conversion of non-Muslims, Aurangzeb - Hindu temple desecration, Aurangzeb - Impact of Aurangzeb's reign, Aurangzeb - Hindu rebellion, Aurangzeb - The Deccan wars and the rise of the Marathas, Aurangzeb - Defiance of the Sikhs and the rise of the Khalsa, Aurangzeb - Legacy, Aurangzeb - Commentary by recent historians, Aurangzeb - Wolpert, Aurangzeb - Manas Group UCLA

Read more here: » Aurangzeb: Encyclopedia II - Aurangzeb - Commentary by recent historians

Aurangzeb - Early life. Aurangzeb (full name: Abu Muzaffar Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir --Persian: بو مظفر محی الدین محمد اورنگزیب عالمگیر ) was the third son of the fifth great Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (builder of the Taj Mahal.) After a rebellion by his father, part of Aurangzeb's childhood and early manhood was spent as a kind of ...

See also:

Aurangzeb, Aurangzeb - Rise to throne, Aurangzeb - Early life, Aurangzeb - War of succession, Aurangzeb - Aurangzeb's Reign, Aurangzeb - Enforcement of Islamic law, Aurangzeb - Expansion of the empire, Aurangzeb - Conversion of non-Muslims, Aurangzeb - Hindu temple desecration, Aurangzeb - Impact of Aurangzeb's reign, Aurangzeb - Hindu rebellion, Aurangzeb - The Deccan wars and the rise of the Marathas, Aurangzeb - Defiance of the Sikhs and the rise of the Khalsa, Aurangzeb - Legacy, Aurangzeb - Commentary by recent historians, Aurangzeb - Wolpert, Aurangzeb - Manas Group UCLA

Read more here: » Aurangzeb: Encyclopedia II - Aurangzeb - Rise to throne

Aurangzeb - Early life. Aurangzeb (from Persian, اورنگ‌زیب meaning "befitting the throne") was the third son of the fifth great Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (builder of the Taj Mahal.) After a rebellion by his father, part of Aurangzeb's childhood and early manhood was spent as a kind of hostage at his grandfather Jahangir's court. After Jahangir's death in 1627, Aurangzeb returned to live with his parents. Shah Jahan followed the Mughal practice of assigning authority to his sons, and in 1634 made ...

See also:

Aurangzeb, Aurangzeb - Rise to throne, Aurangzeb - Early life, Aurangzeb - War of succession, Aurangzeb - Aurangzeb's Reign, Aurangzeb - Enforcement of Islamic law, Aurangzeb - Expansion of the empire, Aurangzeb - Conversion of non-Muslims, Aurangzeb - Hindu temple desecration, Aurangzeb - Impact of Aurangzeb's reign, Aurangzeb - Hindu rebellion, Aurangzeb - The Deccan wars and the rise of the Marathas, Aurangzeb - Defiance of the Sikhs and the rise of the Khalsa, Aurangzeb - Legacy, Aurangzeb - Commentary by recent historians, Aurangzeb - Wolpert, Aurangzeb - Manas Group UCLA

Read more here: » Aurangzeb: Encyclopedia II - Aurangzeb - Rise to throne