Augmented reality

Augmented reality (AR) is a field of computer research which deals with the combination of real world and computer generated data. At present, most AR research is concerned with the use of live video imagery which is digitally processed and "augmented" by the addition of computer generated graphics. Advanced research includes the use of motion tracking data, fiducial marker recognition using machine vision, and the construction of controlled environments containing any number of sensors and actuators. Augmented re ...

Including:

• Augmented reality - History of AR
• Augmented reality - AR as a transformative technology
• Augmented reality - AR and ubiquitous computing
• Augmented reality - Applications

Read more here: » Augmented reality: Encyclopedia - Augmented reality

AR has clear connections with the Ubiquitous computing (abbreviated UC) and Wearable computers domains. Mark Weiser stated that "embodied virtuality", the original term he used before coining "ubiquitous computing", intended to express the exact opposite to the concept of virtual reality (Mark Weiser's personal communication, Boston, March 1993). The most salient distinction to be made between AR and UC is that UC does not focus on the disappearance of conscious and intentional interaction with an information system as much as AR does: UC sy ...

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Augmented reality, Augmented reality - History of AR, Augmented reality - AR as a transformative technology, Augmented reality - AR and ubiquitous computing, Augmented reality - Applications

Read more here: » Augmented reality: Encyclopedia II - Augmented reality - AR and ubiquitous computing

Cyberpunk (a portmanteau of cybernetics and punk) is a sub-genre of science fiction that focuses on advanced technology such as computers or information technology, usually coupled with some degree of breakdown in the social order. The plot of cyberpunk writing often centres on a conflict among hackers, artificial intelligences, and mega corporations, tending to be set within a near-future Earth, rather than the "outer space" locales prevalent in science fiction at the time of cyberpunk's inception. The cities of this future typically ...

Including:

• Cyberpunk - Style
• Cyberpunk - Literature
• Cyberpunk - Film and television
• Cyberpunk - Music and fashion
• Cyberpunk - Games
• Cyberpunk - References and notes

Read more here: » Cyberpunk: Encyclopedia - Cyberpunk

There has been increasing interest in the potential social impact of new technologies, such as virtual reality (as may be seen in utopian literature, within the social sciences, and in popular culture). Perhaps most notably, Mychilo Stephenson Cline, in his book, Power, Madness, and Immortality: The Future of Virtual Reality, argues that virtual reality will lead to a number of important changes in human life and activity. He argues that: Virtual reality will be integrated into daily life and activity and will be used in ...

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Virtual reality, Virtual reality - Background, Virtual reality - Terminology, Virtual reality - VR Timeline, Virtual reality - Impact, Virtual reality - Public Perception, Virtual reality - Mass Media, Virtual reality - Challenges, Virtual reality - Pioneers and Notables, Virtual reality - References and Notes

Read more here: » Virtual reality: Encyclopedia II - Virtual reality - Impact

Cyberpunk writers tend to use elements from the hard-boiled detective novel, film noir, and postmodernist prose to describe the often nihilistic underground side of an electronic society. The genre's dystopian world is often called the antithesis of the generally utopian visions of the future popular in the 1940s and 1950s. (Gibson defined cyberpunk's antipathy towards utopian SF in his 1981 short story "The Gernsback Continuum", which pokes fun of and, to a ce ...

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Cyberpunk, Cyberpunk - Style, Cyberpunk - Literature, Cyberpunk - Film and television, Cyberpunk - Music and fashion, Cyberpunk - Games, Cyberpunk - References and notes

Read more here: » Cyberpunk: Encyclopedia II - Cyberpunk - Style

Virtual reality - Terminology. The origin of the term "virtual reality" is uncertain, though it has been credited to The Judas Mandala, a 1982 novel by Damien Broderick where the context of use is somewhat different from that defined above. A related term coined by Myron Krueger, "artificial reality", has been in use since the 1970s. "Cyberspace" dates to the 1982 short story "Burning Chrome" and 1984 novel Neuromancer by the cyberpunk author William Gibson. The concept of virtual reality was popula ...

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Virtual reality, Virtual reality - Background, Virtual reality - Terminology, Virtual reality - VR Timeline, Virtual reality - Impact, Virtual reality - Public Perception, Virtual reality - Mass Media, Virtual reality - Challenges, Virtual reality - Pioneers and Notables, Virtual reality - References and Notes

Read more here: » Virtual reality: Encyclopedia II - Virtual reality - Background

Computer games have frequently used cyberpunk as a source of inspiration. Some of them, like Blade Runner and the Matrix games, are based upon genre movies, while many others like Deus Ex and System Shock are original works. Hideo Kojima's work includes notable examples, particularly his adventure game Snatcher and the first two Metal Gear Solid games. These are densely populated with spies who communicate via nanotechnology; computer hackers who design viruses to destroy malevolent programs; and omn ...

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Cyberpunk, Cyberpunk - Style, Cyberpunk - Literature, Cyberpunk - Film and television, Cyberpunk - Music and fashion, Cyberpunk - Games, Cyberpunk - References and notes

Read more here: » Cyberpunk: Encyclopedia II - Cyberpunk - Games

The term "cyberpunk music" can refer to two rather overlapping categories. First, it may denote the varied range of musical works which cyberpunk films use as soundtrack material. These works occur in genres from classical music and jazz—used, in Blade Runner and elsewhere, to evoke a film noir ambiance—to "noize" and electronica. Typically, films draw upon electronica, electronic body music, industrial, noise, futurepop, alternative rock, goth rock, and intelligent dance music to create the proper "feel". The same principl ...

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Cyberpunk, Cyberpunk - Style, Cyberpunk - Literature, Cyberpunk - Film and television, Cyberpunk - Music and fashion, Cyberpunk - Games, Cyberpunk - References and notes

Read more here: » Cyberpunk: Encyclopedia II - Cyberpunk - Music and fashion

The film Blade Runner (1982), adapted from Philip K. Dick's Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, is set in a dystopian future in which manufactured beings called replicants are slaves used on space colonies and are legal prey on Earth to various bounty hunters who "retire" (kill) them. Although Blade Runner was not extravagantly successful in its first theatrical release, it found a wide viewership in the home video market. Since the movie omits the religious and mythical elements of Dick's original novel (e.g., ...

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Cyberpunk, Cyberpunk - Style, Cyberpunk - Literature, Cyberpunk - Film and television, Cyberpunk - Music and fashion, Cyberpunk - Games, Cyberpunk - References and notes

Read more here: » Cyberpunk: Encyclopedia II - Cyberpunk - Film and television

The science fiction editor Gardner Dozois is generally acknowledged as the person who popularized the use of the term "cyberpunk" as a kind of literature. Minnesota writer Bruce Bethke coined the term in 1980 for his short story "Cyberpunk", although the story was not actually published until November 1983, in Amazing Science Fiction Stories, Volume 57, Number 4 [3]. The term was quickly appropriated as a label to be applied to the works of Br ...

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Cyberpunk, Cyberpunk - Style, Cyberpunk - Literature, Cyberpunk - Film and television, Cyberpunk - Music and fashion, Cyberpunk - Games, Cyberpunk - References and notes

Read more here: » Cyberpunk: Encyclopedia II - Cyberpunk - Literature

In the original publication (Wellner et al., 1993) which coined the term, (Computer-) Augmented Reality (abbreviated AR) was introduced as the opposite of virtual reality: instead of diving the user into a synthesized, purely informational environment, the goal of AR is to augment the real world with information handling capabilities. Others define VR as a special case of AR, in the sense that AR adds to what VR already does. Additionally, augmented reality is itself a special case of the more general concept of mediated realit ...

See also:

Augmented reality, Augmented reality - History of AR, Augmented reality - AR as a transformative technology, Augmented reality - AR and ubiquitous computing, Augmented reality - Applications

Read more here: » Augmented reality: Encyclopedia II - Augmented reality - History of AR

For many of those interested in AR, one of its most important characteristics is the way in which it makes possible a transformation of the locus of interaction. The interactive system is no more a precise location, but the whole environment; interaction is no more understood as a face-to-screen exchange, but dissolves itself in the surrounding space and objects. Using an information system is no more exclusively a conscious and intentional act. ...

See also:

Augmented reality, Augmented reality - History of AR, Augmented reality - AR as a transformative technology, Augmented reality - AR and ubiquitous computing, Augmented reality - Applications

Read more here: » Augmented reality: Encyclopedia II - Augmented reality - AR as a transformative technology