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attenuated | A Wisdom Archive on attenuated | | attenuated A selection of articles related to attenuated | |
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attenuated, Attenuation
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO attenuated | | | |  attenuated: Encyclopedia II - Phonograph - History
Phonograph - The phonautograph.
The earliest known invention of a phonographic recording device was the phonautograph, invented by Edouard-Leon Scott and patented on March 25, 1857. It could transcribe sound to a visible medium, but had no means to play back the sound after it was recorded. The device consisted of a horn that focused sound waves onto a membrane to which a hog's bristle was attached, causing the bristle to move and enabling it to inscribe a visual medium. Initially, the phonautograph made r ...
See also:Phonograph, Phonograph - Terminology, Phonograph - History, Phonograph - The phonautograph, Phonograph - Phonograph theory, Phonograph - The first phonograph, Phonograph - British and American and Australian language usage differences, Phonograph - Disc versus cylinder as a recording medium, Phonograph - The dominance of the disc phonograph, Phonograph - Turntable technology, Phonograph - Turntable construction, Phonograph - Turntable drive systems, Phonograph - Pickup systems, Phonograph - Arm systems, Phonograph - Front-loading systems, Phonograph - The phonograph in the 21st century Read more here: » Phonograph: Encyclopedia II - Phonograph - History |
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| | | | | attenuated: Encyclopedia II - Phonograph - British and American and Australian language usage differences In British English "gramophone" came to refer to any sound reproducing machine using disc records, as disc records were popularized in the UK by the Gramophone Company. The term "phonograph" is usually restricted to devices playing cylinder records. The term "gramophone" would generally be taken to refer to a wind-up machine, and from the 1960's onwards the more common term would be "record player" or "stereo" for a complete system (most systems were stereophonic by the mid-1960's), and "turntable" for ...
See also:Phonograph, Phonograph - Terminology, Phonograph - History, Phonograph - The phonautograph, Phonograph - Phonograph theory, Phonograph - The first phonograph, Phonograph - British and American and Australian language usage differences, Phonograph - Disc versus cylinder as a recording medium, Phonograph - The dominance of the disc phonograph, Phonograph - Turntable technology, Phonograph - Turntable construction, Phonograph - Turntable drive systems, Phonograph - Pickup systems, Phonograph - Arm systems, Phonograph - Front-loading systems, Phonograph - The phonograph in the 21st century Read more here: » Phonograph: Encyclopedia II - Phonograph - British and American and Australian language usage differences |
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| | | | | attenuated: Encyclopedia II - IEEE 802.11 - Standards The following IEEE standards[2] and task groups exist within the IEEE 802.11 working group:
IEEE 802.11 - The original 1 Mbit/s and 2 Mbit/s, 2.4 GHz RF and IR standard (1999)
IEEE 802.11a - 54 Mbit/s, 5 GHz standard (1999, shipping products in 2001)
IEEE 802.11b - Enhancements to 802.11 to support 5.5 and 11 Mbit/s (1999)
IEEE 802.11c - Bridge operation procedures; included in the IEEE 802.1D standard (2001)
IEEE 802.11d - International (country-to-country) roaming extensions (2001)
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See also:IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.11 - Protocols, IEEE 802.11 - 802.11 legacy, IEEE 802.11 - 802.11b, IEEE 802.11 - 802.11a, IEEE 802.11 - 802.11g, IEEE 802.11 - Non-Standard Channel Bonding, IEEE 802.11 - 802.11n, IEEE 802.11 - Certification, IEEE 802.11 - Standards, IEEE 802.11 - Community networks, IEEE 802.11 - Security Read more here: » IEEE 802.11: Encyclopedia II - IEEE 802.11 - Standards |
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| | | | | attenuated: Encyclopedia II - IEEE 802.11 - Community networks With the proliferation of cable modems and DSL, there is an ever-increasing market of people who wish to establish small networks in their homes to share their high speed Internet connection.
Wireless office networks are often unsecured or secured with WEP, which is said to be easily broken, although a substantial amount of data has to be collected before it can be cracked successfully. Note, however, that using readily-available and downloadable tools, WEP networks can be cracked within minutes. These networks frequently allow "peopl ...
See also:IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.11 - Protocols, IEEE 802.11 - 802.11 legacy, IEEE 802.11 - 802.11b, IEEE 802.11 - 802.11a, IEEE 802.11 - 802.11g, IEEE 802.11 - Non-Standard Channel Bonding, IEEE 802.11 - 802.11n, IEEE 802.11 - Certification, IEEE 802.11 - Standards, IEEE 802.11 - Community networks, IEEE 802.11 - Security Read more here: » IEEE 802.11: Encyclopedia II - IEEE 802.11 - Community networks |
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| | | | | attenuated: Encyclopedia II - IEEE 802.11 - Security The IEEE set up a dedicated task group to create a replacement security solution, 802.11i (previously this work was handled as part of a broader 802.11e effort to enhance the MAC layer). The Wi-Fi Alliance announced an interim specification called Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) based on a subset of the then current IEEE 802.11i draft. These started to appear in products in mid-2003. 802.11i (aka WPA2) itself was ratified in June 2004, and uses the Advanced Encryption Standard, instead of RC4, which was used in WEP and WPA.
In January 2005, IEEE setup yet another task group TGw to protect management and broadcast frames, which previous ...
See also:IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.11 - Protocols, IEEE 802.11 - 802.11 legacy, IEEE 802.11 - 802.11b, IEEE 802.11 - 802.11a, IEEE 802.11 - 802.11g, IEEE 802.11 - Non-Standard Channel Bonding, IEEE 802.11 - 802.11n, IEEE 802.11 - Certification, IEEE 802.11 - Standards, IEEE 802.11 - Community networks, IEEE 802.11 - Security Read more here: » IEEE 802.11: Encyclopedia II - IEEE 802.11 - Security |
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| | | | | attenuated: Encyclopedia II - Vaccine - Types of vaccines Vaccines may be living, weakened strains of viruses or bacteria which intentionally give rise to inapparent-to-trivial infections. Vaccines may also be killed or inactivated organisms or purified products derived from them.
There are three types of traditional vaccines[1]:
Inactivated - these are previously virulent micro-organisms that have been killed with chemicals or heat. Examples are vaccines against flu, cholera, bubonic plague, and hepatitis A. Most such vaccines may have incomplete or short-lived immune responses ...
See also:Vaccine, Vaccine - Origin of vaccines, Vaccine - Types of vaccines, Vaccine - Developing immunity, Vaccine - Controversy surrounding the use of vaccines, Vaccine - Potential for adverse side effects in general, Vaccine - Efficacy of vaccines, Vaccine - Economics of vaccine development, Vaccine - Preservatives Read more here: » Vaccine: Encyclopedia II - Vaccine - Types of vaccines |
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| | | | | | attenuated: Encyclopedia II - Fluoroscopy - Risks Because fluoroscopy involves the use of x rays, a form of ionizing radiation, all fluoroscopic procedures pose a potential health risk to the patient. Radiation doses to the patient depend greatly on the size of the patient as well as length of the procedure, with typical skin dose rates quoted as 20-50 mGy/min. Exposure times vary depending on the procedure being performed but procedure times up to 75 minutes have been documented. Because of the long length of some procedures, in addition to standard cancer-inducing stochastic radiation effects, deterministic radiation effects have also been observed ranging from mild erythema, equivalent ...
See also:Fluoroscopy, Fluoroscopy - History, Fluoroscopy - Risks, Fluoroscopy - Fluoroscope design, Fluoroscopy - Imaging concerns, Fluoroscopy - Common procedures involving the use of fluoroscopy Read more here: » Fluoroscopy: Encyclopedia II - Fluoroscopy - Risks |
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| | | | | attenuated: Encyclopedia II - Phonograph - Disc versus cylinder as a recording medium Disc recording is inherently neither better nor worse than cylinder recording in potential audio fidelity.
Recordings made on a cylinder remain at a constant linear velocity for the entirety of the recording, while those made on a disc have a higher linear velocity at the outer portion of the groove compared to the inner portion.
Edison's patented recording method recorded with vertical ...
See also:Phonograph, Phonograph - Terminology, Phonograph - History, Phonograph - The phonautograph, Phonograph - Phonograph theory, Phonograph - The first phonograph, Phonograph - British and American and Australian language usage differences, Phonograph - Disc versus cylinder as a recording medium, Phonograph - The dominance of the disc phonograph, Phonograph - Turntable technology, Phonograph - Turntable construction, Phonograph - Turntable drive systems, Phonograph - Pickup systems, Phonograph - Arm systems, Phonograph - Front-loading systems, Phonograph - The phonograph in the 21st century Read more here: » Phonograph: Encyclopedia II - Phonograph - Disc versus cylinder as a recording medium |
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| | | | | attenuated: Encyclopedia II - Phonograph - The dominance of the disc phonograph Berliner's lateral disc record was the ancestor of the 78 rpm, 45 rpm, 33⅓ rpm, and all other analogue disc records popular for use in sound recording through the 20th century. See gramophone record and vinyl record.
Christmas 1925 brought improved radio technology and radio sales, bringing many phonograph dealers to financial ruin. With efforts at improved audio fidelity, the big record companies succeeded in keeping business booming through the end of the decade, but the record sales plummeted during the Great Depression, with many companies merging or going ...
See also:Phonograph, Phonograph - Terminology, Phonograph - History, Phonograph - The phonautograph, Phonograph - Phonograph theory, Phonograph - The first phonograph, Phonograph - British and American and Australian language usage differences, Phonograph - Disc versus cylinder as a recording medium, Phonograph - The dominance of the disc phonograph, Phonograph - Turntable technology, Phonograph - Turntable construction, Phonograph - Turntable drive systems, Phonograph - Pickup systems, Phonograph - Arm systems, Phonograph - Front-loading systems, Phonograph - The phonograph in the 21st century Read more here: » Phonograph: Encyclopedia II - Phonograph - The dominance of the disc phonograph |
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| | | | | attenuated: Encyclopedia II - Phonograph - The phonograph in the 21st century Turntables continue to be manufactured and sold into the 21st century, although in small numbers. Whilst there are many audiophiles who still prefer vinyl records played on record players compared to digital music sources such as compact disc or SACD for their perceived fidelity, these represent an enthusiastic minority of listeners. The quality of the available record players, tonearms, and car ...
See also:Phonograph, Phonograph - Terminology, Phonograph - History, Phonograph - The phonautograph, Phonograph - Phonograph theory, Phonograph - The first phonograph, Phonograph - British and American and Australian language usage differences, Phonograph - Disc versus cylinder as a recording medium, Phonograph - The dominance of the disc phonograph, Phonograph - Turntable technology, Phonograph - Turntable construction, Phonograph - Turntable drive systems, Phonograph - Pickup systems, Phonograph - Arm systems, Phonograph - Front-loading systems, Phonograph - The phonograph in the 21st century Read more here: » Phonograph: Encyclopedia II - Phonograph - The phonograph in the 21st century |
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| | | | | attenuated: Encyclopedia II - Vaccine - Developing immunity The immune system recognizes vaccine agents as foreign, destroys them, and 'remembers' them. When the virulent version of an agent comes along, the immune system is thus prepared to respond, by (1) neutralizing the target agent before it can enter cells, and (2) by recognizing and destroying infected cells before that agent can multiply to vast numbers.
Vaccines have contributed to the eradication of smallpox, one of the most contagious and deadly diseases known to man. Other diseases such as rubella, polio, measles, mumps, chickenpox ...
See also:Vaccine, Vaccine - Origin of vaccines, Vaccine - Types of vaccines, Vaccine - Developing immunity, Vaccine - Controversy surrounding the use of vaccines, Vaccine - Potential for adverse side effects in general, Vaccine - Efficacy of vaccines, Vaccine - Economics of vaccine development, Vaccine - Preservatives Read more here: » Vaccine: Encyclopedia II - Vaccine - Developing immunity |
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