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attenuated | A Wisdom Archive on attenuated | | attenuated A selection of articles related to attenuated | |
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attenuated, Attenuation
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO attenuated | | | |  attenuated: Encyclopedia II - Phonograph - The dominance of the disc phonographBerliner's lateral disc record was the ancestor of the 78 rpm, 45 rpm, 33⅓ rpm, and all other analogue disc records popular for use in sound recording through the 20th century. See gramophone record.
Christmas 1925 brought improved radio technology and radio sales, bringing many phonograph dealers to financial ruin. With efforts at improved audio fidelity, the big record companies succeeded in keeping business booming through the end of the decade, but the record sales plummeted during the Great Depression, with many companies merging or going ...
See also:Phonograph, Phonograph - Terminology, Phonograph - History, Phonograph - The phonautograph, Phonograph - Phonograph theory, Phonograph - The first phonograph, Phonograph - British and American and Australian language usage differences, Phonograph - Disc versus cylinder as a recording medium, Phonograph - The dominance of the disc phonograph, Phonograph - Turntable technology, Phonograph - Turntable construction, Phonograph - Turntable drive systems, Phonograph - Pickup systems, Phonograph - Arm systems, Phonograph - Front-loading systems, Phonograph - The phonograph in the 21st century Read more here: » Phonograph: Encyclopedia II - Phonograph - The dominance of the disc phonograph |
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| | | | | attenuated: Encyclopedia II - Vaccination - Triggering immune sensitization In the generic sense, the process of triggering immune response, in an effort to protect against infectious disease, works by 'priming' the immune system with an 'immunogen'. Stimulating immune response, via use of an infectious agent, is known as immunization. Vaccinations involve the administration of one or more immunogens, in the form of live, but weakened (attenuated) infectious agents, which normally are either weaker, but closely-related species (as with smallpox and cowpox), or strains weakened by some p ...
See also:Vaccination, Vaccination - Triggering immune sensitization, Vaccination - History of vaccinations, Vaccination - Herd immunity and medical risk management issues, Vaccination - Adjuvants and preservatives, Vaccination - Peer-Reviewed Journals Read more here: » Vaccination: Encyclopedia II - Vaccination - Triggering immune sensitization |
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| | | | | | | attenuated: Encyclopedia II - Sun - General information The Sun is classified as a main sequence star, which means it is in a state of "hydrostatic balance", neither contracting nor expanding, and is generating its energy through nuclear fusion of hydrogen nuclei into helium. The Sun has a spectral class of G2V, with the G2 meaning that its color is yellow and its spectrum contains spectral lines of ionized and neutral metals as well as very weak hydrogen lines [3], and the V signifying that it, like ...
See also:Sun, Sun - General information, Sun - Structure, Sun - Core, Sun - Radiation zone, Sun - Convection zone, Sun - Photosphere, Sun - Temperature minimum, Sun - Chromosphere, Sun - Corona, Sun - Theoretical problems, Sun - Solar neutrino problem, Sun - Coronal heating problem, Sun - Faint young sun problem, Sun - Magnetic field, Sun - Position of the Sun through the year, Sun - Solar space missions, Sun - History and future of the Sun, Sun - Human understanding of the Sun, Sun - The Sun as a power source, Sun - Sun and eye damage Read more here: » Sun: Encyclopedia II - Sun - General information |
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| | | | | attenuated: Encyclopedia II - Controversies in autism - The autism rights movement Some autistic people have started to speak and/or write about their experience. The use of the Internet has made it possible for autistics to present their perspective when they do not have the communication skills to do so offline. Even some mute autistics, such as Jasmine O'Neill, and Amanda Baggs, write well and present a case for greater acceptance of autism. These autistics sometimes say they do not desire a ...
See also:Controversies in autism, Controversies in autism - The usefulness and accuracy of autism as a diagnosis, Controversies in autism - Asperger's and autism, Controversies in autism - Geeks and nerds, Controversies in autism - 'Autistic' vs. 'Has autism', Controversies in autism - Epidemiology of autism, Controversies in autism - Genetics and autism, Controversies in autism - Implications of genetic testing, Controversies in autism - Vaccines and autism, Controversies in autism - Thimerosal, Controversies in autism - MMR triple vaccine, Controversies in autism - Mercury in Medicine: Taking Unnecessary Risks, Controversies in autism - Intelligence and autism, Controversies in autism - Prognosis for autistic children, Controversies in autism - Treatment choices, Controversies in autism - Discredited approaches, Controversies in autism - Behavioral interventions, Controversies in autism - Drug therapy, Controversies in autism - Occupational auditory visual therapy, Controversies in autism - Biomedical intervention, Controversies in autism - Non-coercive approaches, Controversies in autism - The autism rights movement Read more here: » Controversies in autism: Encyclopedia II - Controversies in autism - The autism rights movement |
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| | | | | attenuated: Encyclopedia II - Controversies in autism - Epidemiology of autism There is uncertainty and controversy over whether the incidence of autism is actually increasing, or if there simply is an increase in the number of reported cases. Some argue that if the incidence is rising, then environmental factors play a greater role; while if it is being reported more often, genetics deserves more attention. Others argue that rising incidence can be explained primarily by genetics. One theory, particularly associated with Simon Baron-Cohen, suggests that increased social mobility and assortati ...
See also:Controversies in autism, Controversies in autism - The usefulness and accuracy of autism as a diagnosis, Controversies in autism - Asperger's and autism, Controversies in autism - Geeks and nerds, Controversies in autism - 'Autistic' vs. 'Has autism', Controversies in autism - Epidemiology of autism, Controversies in autism - Genetics and autism, Controversies in autism - Implications of genetic testing, Controversies in autism - Vaccines and autism, Controversies in autism - Thimerosal, Controversies in autism - MMR triple vaccine, Controversies in autism - Mercury in Medicine: Taking Unnecessary Risks, Controversies in autism - Intelligence and autism, Controversies in autism - Prognosis for autistic children, Controversies in autism - Treatment choices, Controversies in autism - Discredited approaches, Controversies in autism - Behavioral interventions, Controversies in autism - Drug therapy, Controversies in autism - Occupational auditory visual therapy, Controversies in autism - Biomedical intervention, Controversies in autism - Non-coercive approaches, Controversies in autism - The autism rights movement Read more here: » Controversies in autism: Encyclopedia II - Controversies in autism - Epidemiology of autism |
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| | | | | attenuated: Encyclopedia II - Controversies in autism - Genetics and autism There is evidence that autism has a genetic component, and ongoing research focuses on finding the biomarkers that determine autistic phenotypes. But there is significant disagreement as to whether genes contribute to a vulnerability to environmental triggers, or have another role in the etiology of autism.
There is a trend in research towards viewing genetics as an underlying factor. However, most autistic children have apparently neurotypical parents, which suggests that a single gene cannot be the cause. The spectrum of autistic di ...
See also:Controversies in autism, Controversies in autism - The usefulness and accuracy of autism as a diagnosis, Controversies in autism - Asperger's and autism, Controversies in autism - Geeks and nerds, Controversies in autism - 'Autistic' vs. 'Has autism', Controversies in autism - Epidemiology of autism, Controversies in autism - Genetics and autism, Controversies in autism - Implications of genetic testing, Controversies in autism - Vaccines and autism, Controversies in autism - Thimerosal, Controversies in autism - MMR triple vaccine, Controversies in autism - Mercury in Medicine: Taking Unnecessary Risks, Controversies in autism - Intelligence and autism, Controversies in autism - Prognosis for autistic children, Controversies in autism - Treatment choices, Controversies in autism - Discredited approaches, Controversies in autism - Behavioral interventions, Controversies in autism - Drug therapy, Controversies in autism - Occupational auditory visual therapy, Controversies in autism - Biomedical intervention, Controversies in autism - Non-coercive approaches, Controversies in autism - The autism rights movement Read more here: » Controversies in autism: Encyclopedia II - Controversies in autism - Genetics and autism |
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| | | | | attenuated: Encyclopedia II - Controversies in autism - Intelligence and autism Until recently, a large proportion of children diagnosed as having autism were also believed to have mental retardation. The term 'mentally retarded' itself is debatable because this determination is based on IQ testing, which has its own set of controversies and detractors. A more accurate description would be to say that children who are diagnosed autistic may also have low IQ scores. However, this view is inconsistent with o ...
See also:Controversies in autism, Controversies in autism - The usefulness and accuracy of autism as a diagnosis, Controversies in autism - Asperger's and autism, Controversies in autism - Geeks and nerds, Controversies in autism - 'Autistic' vs. 'Has autism', Controversies in autism - Epidemiology of autism, Controversies in autism - Genetics and autism, Controversies in autism - Implications of genetic testing, Controversies in autism - Vaccines and autism, Controversies in autism - Thimerosal, Controversies in autism - MMR triple vaccine, Controversies in autism - Mercury in Medicine: Taking Unnecessary Risks, Controversies in autism - Intelligence and autism, Controversies in autism - Prognosis for autistic children, Controversies in autism - Treatment choices, Controversies in autism - Discredited approaches, Controversies in autism - Behavioral interventions, Controversies in autism - Drug therapy, Controversies in autism - Occupational auditory visual therapy, Controversies in autism - Biomedical intervention, Controversies in autism - Non-coercive approaches, Controversies in autism - The autism rights movement Read more here: » Controversies in autism: Encyclopedia II - Controversies in autism - Intelligence and autism |
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| | | | | attenuated: Encyclopedia II - Controversies in autism - Prognosis for autistic children Children who are diagnosed with autism face a great range of outcomes. Some are reported to have learned speech and/or writing, self-care, and social skills on their own. Others experience an apparently miraculous "recovery" and begin behaving in a way that is generally indistinguishable from the way non-autistics behave, either for no apparent reason or, apparently, from a few simple alterations in diet. Some become mainstreamed after years of hard work and intensive training. Some develop slowly, but never become typical. There are a few w ...
See also:Controversies in autism, Controversies in autism - The usefulness and accuracy of autism as a diagnosis, Controversies in autism - Asperger's and autism, Controversies in autism - Geeks and nerds, Controversies in autism - 'Autistic' vs. 'Has autism', Controversies in autism - Epidemiology of autism, Controversies in autism - Genetics and autism, Controversies in autism - Implications of genetic testing, Controversies in autism - Vaccines and autism, Controversies in autism - Thimerosal, Controversies in autism - MMR triple vaccine, Controversies in autism - Mercury in Medicine: Taking Unnecessary Risks, Controversies in autism - Intelligence and autism, Controversies in autism - Prognosis for autistic children, Controversies in autism - Treatment choices, Controversies in autism - Discredited approaches, Controversies in autism - Behavioral interventions, Controversies in autism - Drug therapy, Controversies in autism - Occupational auditory visual therapy, Controversies in autism - Biomedical intervention, Controversies in autism - Non-coercive approaches, Controversies in autism - The autism rights movement Read more here: » Controversies in autism: Encyclopedia II - Controversies in autism - Prognosis for autistic children |
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| | | | | attenuated: Encyclopedia II - Controversies in autism - 'Autistic' vs. 'Has autism' Individuals who describe themselves as autistic on the internet have repeatedly stated their preference for the word autistic to be used as an adjective, as opposed to a pronoun. That is, they dislike the so-called person-first terminology. In fact, it appears the vast majority of persons diagnosed as autistic who express their views verbally or in writing hold this position, across the spectrum. They contend that autism is part of their very being, not something that could potentially 'go away', much less be 'cured'. Even if au ...
See also:Controversies in autism, Controversies in autism - The usefulness and accuracy of autism as a diagnosis, Controversies in autism - Asperger's and autism, Controversies in autism - Geeks and nerds, Controversies in autism - 'Autistic' vs. 'Has autism', Controversies in autism - Epidemiology of autism, Controversies in autism - Genetics and autism, Controversies in autism - Implications of genetic testing, Controversies in autism - Vaccines and autism, Controversies in autism - Thimerosal, Controversies in autism - MMR triple vaccine, Controversies in autism - Mercury in Medicine: Taking Unnecessary Risks, Controversies in autism - Intelligence and autism, Controversies in autism - Prognosis for autistic children, Controversies in autism - Treatment choices, Controversies in autism - Discredited approaches, Controversies in autism - Behavioral interventions, Controversies in autism - Drug therapy, Controversies in autism - Occupational auditory visual therapy, Controversies in autism - Biomedical intervention, Controversies in autism - Non-coercive approaches, Controversies in autism - The autism rights movement Read more here: » Controversies in autism: Encyclopedia II - Controversies in autism - 'Autistic' vs. 'Has autism' |
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| | | | | attenuated: Encyclopedia II - MMR vaccine - Epidemiology Before the widespread use of a vaccine against measles, its incidence was so high that as of 2004, any patient over the age of 55 is assumed to have had measles in the past. Today, because of vaccination, the incidence of measles has fallen to less than one percent of people under the age of 30 in countries with routine childhood vaccination. Measles has a significant complication rate, which includes pneumonitis and encephalitis.
Studies, such as a Centers for Disease Control (CDC) report on the effect of vaccination against measles in Africa between 1996-2002, have shown that vaccination markedly r ...
See also:MMR vaccine, MMR vaccine - Epidemiology, MMR vaccine - The MMR controversy, MMR vaccine - Dr. Andrew Wakefield's report, MMR vaccine - Recent studies Read more here: » MMR vaccine: Encyclopedia II - MMR vaccine - Epidemiology |
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| | | | | attenuated: Encyclopedia II - Sun - Human understanding of the Sun Mankind's most fundamental understanding of the Sun is as the luminous disk in the heavens whose presence above the horizon creates day, and whose absence causes night. In many prehistoric and ancient cultures, the Sun was thought to be a deity or other supernatural phenomenon.
One of the first people in the Western world to offer a scientific explanation for the sun was the Greek philosopher Anaxagoras, who reasoned that it was a giant flaming ball of metal even larger than the Peleponessus, and not the chariot of Helios. For teaching this heresy he was imprisoned b ...
See also:Sun, Sun - General information, Sun - Structure, Sun - Core, Sun - Radiation zone, Sun - Convection zone, Sun - Photosphere, Sun - Temperature minimum, Sun - Chromosphere, Sun - Corona, Sun - Theoretical problems, Sun - Solar neutrino problem, Sun - Coronal heating problem, Sun - Faint young sun problem, Sun - Magnetic field, Sun - Position of the Sun through the year, Sun - Solar space missions, Sun - History and future of the Sun, Sun - Human understanding of the Sun, Sun - The Sun as a power source, Sun - Sun and eye damage Read more here: » Sun: Encyclopedia II - Sun - Human understanding of the Sun |
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| | | | | attenuated: Encyclopedia II - Vaccination - Triggering immune sensitization In the generic sense, the process of triggering immune response, in an effort to protect against infectious disease, works by 'priming' the immune system with an 'immunogen'. Stimulating immune response, via use of an infectious agent, is known as immunization. Vaccinations involve the administration of one or more immunogens, in the form of live, but weakened (attenuated) infectious agents, which normally are either weaker, but closely-related species (as with smallpox and cowpox), or strains weakened by some p ...
See also:Vaccination, Vaccination - Triggering immune sensitization, Vaccination - History of vaccinations, Vaccination - Herd immunity and medical risk management issues, Vaccination - Adjuvants and preservatives Read more here: » Vaccination: Encyclopedia II - Vaccination - Triggering immune sensitization |
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| | | | | | attenuated: Encyclopedia II - Phonograph - Terminology Usage of these terms is somewhat different in American English and British English; see usage note below. In more modern usage, this device is often called a turntable or record player. In the late 19th and early 20th century, the alternative term talking machine was sometimes used. The phonograph was the first device for recording and replaying sound.
The term phonograph meaning "sound writer", is derived from the Greek words φωνη (meaning sound or voice and transliterated as phone) and γραφ ...
See also:Phonograph, Phonograph - Terminology, Phonograph - History, Phonograph - The phonautograph, Phonograph - Phonograph theory, Phonograph - The first phonograph, Phonograph - British and American and Australian language usage differences, Phonograph - Disc versus cylinder as a recording medium, Phonograph - The dominance of the disc phonograph, Phonograph - Turntable technology, Phonograph - Turntable construction, Phonograph - Turntable drive systems, Phonograph - Pickup systems, Phonograph - Arm systems, Phonograph - Front-loading systems, Phonograph - The phonograph in the 21st century Read more here: » Phonograph: Encyclopedia II - Phonograph - Terminology |
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| | | | | attenuated: Encyclopedia II - Sun - History and future of the Sun The Sun is thought to be a second-generation star, whose formation may have been triggered by shockwaves from a nearby supernova. This is suggested by a high abundance of heavy elements such as iron, gold and uranium in the solar system: the most plausible ways that these elements could be produced are by endothermic nuclear reactions during a supernova or by transmutation via neutron absorption inside a massive first generation star.
Our Sun does not have enough mass to explode as a supernova, and its mass is below the Chandrasekhar ...
See also:Sun, Sun - General information, Sun - Structure, Sun - Core, Sun - Radiation zone, Sun - Convection zone, Sun - Photosphere, Sun - Temperature minimum, Sun - Chromosphere, Sun - Corona, Sun - Theoretical problems, Sun - Solar neutrino problem, Sun - Coronal heating problem, Sun - Faint young sun problem, Sun - Magnetic field, Sun - Position of the Sun through the year, Sun - Solar space missions, Sun - History and future of the Sun, Sun - Human understanding of the Sun, Sun - The Sun as a power source, Sun - Sun and eye damage Read more here: » Sun: Encyclopedia II - Sun - History and future of the Sun |
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| | | | | attenuated: Encyclopedia II - Sun - Solar space missions To obtain an uninterrupted view of the Sun, the European Space Agency and NASA cooperatively launched the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) on December 2, 1995. Originally a two-year mission, SOHO is now over ten years old (as of late 2005). It has proved so useful that a follow-on mission, the Solar Dynamics Observatory, is planned for launch in 2008.
Elemental abundances in the photosphere are well known from spectroscopic studies, but the composition of the interior of the Sun is much less well known. A solar wind sample re ...
See also:Sun, Sun - General information, Sun - Structure, Sun - Core, Sun - Radiation zone, Sun - Convection zone, Sun - Photosphere, Sun - Temperature minimum, Sun - Chromosphere, Sun - Corona, Sun - Theoretical problems, Sun - Solar neutrino problem, Sun - Coronal heating problem, Sun - Faint young sun problem, Sun - Magnetic field, Sun - Position of the Sun through the year, Sun - Solar space missions, Sun - History and future of the Sun, Sun - Human understanding of the Sun, Sun - The Sun as a power source, Sun - Sun and eye damage Read more here: » Sun: Encyclopedia II - Sun - Solar space missions |
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| | | | | attenuated: Encyclopedia II - Sun - General information The Sun is classified as a main sequence star, which means it is in a state of "hydrostatic balance", neither contracting nor expanding, and is generating its energy through nuclear fusion of hydrogen nuclei into helium. The Sun has a spectral class of G2V, with the G2 meaning that its color is yellow and its spectrum contains spectral lines of ionized and neutral metals as well as very weak hydrogen lines [3], and the V signifying that it, like most stars, ...
See also:Sun, Sun - General information, Sun - Structure, Sun - Core, Sun - Radiation zone, Sun - Convection zone, Sun - Photosphere, Sun - Temperature minimum, Sun - Chromosphere, Sun - Corona, Sun - Theoretical problems, Sun - Solar neutrino problem, Sun - Coronal heating problem, Sun - Faint young sun problem, Sun - Magnetic field, Sun - Position of the Sun through the year, Sun - Solar space missions, Sun - History and future of the Sun, Sun - Human understanding of the Sun, Sun - The Sun as a power source, Sun - Sun and eye damage Read more here: » Sun: Encyclopedia II - Sun - General information |
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| | | | | attenuated: Encyclopedia II - Sun - Theoretical problems
Sun - Solar neutrino problem.
For some time it was thought that the number of neutrinos produced by the nuclear reactions in the Sun was only a third of the number predicted by theory, a result that was termed the solar neutrino problem. Several neutrino observatories were constructed, including the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory and Kamiokande to try to measure the solar neutrino flux. It has recently been found that neutrinos have rest mass, and can therefore transform into harder-to-detect varieties of neutrinos ...
See also:Sun, Sun - General information, Sun - Structure, Sun - Core, Sun - Radiation zone, Sun - Convection zone, Sun - Photosphere, Sun - Temperature minimum, Sun - Chromosphere, Sun - Corona, Sun - Theoretical problems, Sun - Solar neutrino problem, Sun - Coronal heating problem, Sun - Faint young sun problem, Sun - Magnetic field, Sun - Position of the Sun through the year, Sun - Solar space missions, Sun - History and future of the Sun, Sun - Human understanding of the Sun, Sun - The Sun as a power source, Sun - Sun and eye damage Read more here: » Sun: Encyclopedia II - Sun - Theoretical problems |
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| | | | | attenuated: Encyclopedia II - Sun - Magnetic field All matter in the Sun is in the form of gas and plasma due to its high temperatures. This makes it possible for the Sun to rotate faster at its equator (about 25 days) than it does at higher latitudes (28 days near its poles). The differential rotation of the Sun's latitudes causes its magnetic field lines to become twisted together over time, causing magnetic field loops to erupt from the Sun's surface and trigger the formation of the Sun's dramatic sunspots and solar prominences. (See magnetic reconnection). The solar activity cycle includ ...
See also:Sun, Sun - General information, Sun - Structure, Sun - Core, Sun - Radiation zone, Sun - Convection zone, Sun - Photosphere, Sun - Temperature minimum, Sun - Chromosphere, Sun - Corona, Sun - Theoretical problems, Sun - Solar neutrino problem, Sun - Coronal heating problem, Sun - Faint young sun problem, Sun - Magnetic field, Sun - Position of the Sun through the year, Sun - Solar space missions, Sun - History and future of the Sun, Sun - Human understanding of the Sun, Sun - The Sun as a power source, Sun - Sun and eye damage Read more here: » Sun: Encyclopedia II - Sun - Magnetic field |
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