Attack on Pearl Harbor - United States preparedness

The Imperial Japanese Navy made its attack on Pearl Harbor on the morning of December 7, 1941. The surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii, was aimed at the Pacific Fleet of the United States Navy and its defending Army Air Corps and Marine air forces. The attack damaged or destroyed twelve U.S. warships, destroyed 188 aircraft, and killed 2,403 American servicemen and 68 civilians. Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto planned the raid as the start of the Pacific Campaign of World War II, and it was commanded by Vice Admiral Chuichi ...

Including:

• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese preparations
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - United States preparedness
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Breaking off negotiations
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - The attack
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Nagumo's decision to withdraw after two strikes
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Immediate aftermath
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Subsequent attacks
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Longer-term effects
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Historical significance
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese views of the attack
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Film dramatizations
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Recipients of the Medal of Honor
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Notes

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U.S. civilian and military intelligence forces had, between them, good information suggesting additional Japanese aggression throughout the summer and fall before the attack. None of it specifically indicated an attack against Pearl Harbor. During November, both the Navy and Army in Hawaii were explicitly warned that war with Japan was expected in the very near future. And, on the day of the attack, General Marshall sent a imminent war warning message to Pearl Harbor. In Hawaii, there were several indications of the incoming attack, but none ...

See also:

Attack on Pearl Harbor, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese preparations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - United States preparedness, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Breaking off negotiations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - The attack, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Nagumo's decision to withdraw after two strikes, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Immediate aftermath, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Subsequent attacks, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Longer-term effects, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Historical significance, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese views of the attack, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Film dramatizations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Recipients of the Medal of Honor, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Notes

Read more here: » Attack on Pearl Harbor: Encyclopedia II - Attack on Pearl Harbor - United States preparedness

U.S. civilian and military intelligence forces had, between them, good information suggesting additional Japanese aggression throughout the summer and fall before the attack. None of it specifically indicated an attack against Pearl Harbor. During November, both the Navy and Army in Hawaii were explicitly warned that war with Japan was expected in the very near future. And, on the day of the attack, General Marshall sent a immenient war warning message to Pearl Harbor. In Hawaii, there were several indications of the incoming attack, but non ...

See also:

Attack on Pearl Harbor, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese preparations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - United States preparedness, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Breaking off negotiations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - The attack, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Nagumo's decision to withdraw after two strikes, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Immediate aftermath, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Subsequent attacks, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Longer-term effects, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Historical significance, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese views of the attack, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Film dramatizations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Recipients of the Medal of Honor, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Notes

Read more here: » Attack on Pearl Harbor: Encyclopedia II - Attack on Pearl Harbor - United States preparedness

Japan had seized Manchuria in 1931, and had been fighting the Second Sino-Japanese War with China since 1937. During 1941 the long-standing tensions between the Japanese Empire and the United States resulting from these military adventures were rising. The United States and the United Kingdom reacted to Japanese military actions in China by imposing a scrap metal boycott followed by an oil boycott, a freeze of assets and the closing of the Panama Canal to Japanese shipping. Diplomatic negotiations climaxed with the Hull note of November 26, ...

See also:

Attack on Pearl Harbor, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese preparations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - United States preparedness, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Breaking off negotiations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - The attack, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Nagumo's decision to withdraw after two strikes, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Immediate aftermath, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Subsequent attacks, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Longer-term effects, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Historical significance, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese views of the attack, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Film dramatizations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Recipients of the Medal of Honor, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Notes

Read more here: » Attack on Pearl Harbor: Encyclopedia II - Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese preparations

The Japanese had seized Manchuria in 1931, and had been fighting the Second Sino-Japanese War with China since 1937. During 1941 the long-standing tensions between the Japanese Empire and the United States resulting from these military adventures were rising. The United States and the United Kingdom reacted to Japanese military actions in China by imposing a scrap metal boycott followed by an oil boycott, a freeze of assets and the closing of the Panama Canal to Japanese shipping. Diplomatic negotiations climaxed with the Hull note of Novemb ...

See also:

Attack on Pearl Harbor, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese preparations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - United States preparedness, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Breaking off negotiations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - The attack, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Nagumo's decision to withdraw after two strikes, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Immediate aftermath, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Subsequent attacks, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Longer-term effects, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Historical significance, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese views of the attack, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Film dramatizations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Recipients of the Medal of Honor, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Notes

Read more here: » Attack on Pearl Harbor: Encyclopedia II - Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese preparations

Yamamoto was unhappy about the botched timing of the breaking off of negotiations. He is commonly thought to have said, "I fear all we have done is to awaken a sleeping giant and fill him with a terrible resolve", but this line seems to have been written for the 1970 Pearl Harbor movie Tora! Tora! Tora!, a topic which is covered more thoroughly in this article. Even though the words may not have been uttered by Yamamoto, it did seem to capture his feelings about the attack. He is on record as saying, in the previous year, that "I can run ...

See also:

Attack on Pearl Harbor, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese preparations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - United States preparedness, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Breaking off negotiations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - The attack, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Nagumo's decision to withdraw after two strikes, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Immediate aftermath, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Subsequent attacks, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Longer-term effects, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Historical significance, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese views of the attack, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Film dramatizations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Recipients of the Medal of Honor, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Notes

Read more here: » Attack on Pearl Harbor: Encyclopedia II - Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese views of the attack

This battle, like the Battle of Lexington and Concord, had history-altering consequences. It only had a small military effect due to the failure of the Japanese Navy to sink U.S. aircraft carriers, but even if the air carriers had been sunk, it may not have helped Japan in the long term. The attack firmly drew the United States and its massive industrial and service economy into World War II, leading to the defeat of the Axis powers worldwide. The United Kingdom's Prime Minister Winston Churchill, on hearing that the attack on Pearl Harbor h ...

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Attack on Pearl Harbor, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese preparations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - United States preparedness, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Breaking off negotiations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - The attack, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Nagumo's decision to withdraw after two strikes, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Immediate aftermath, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Subsequent attacks, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Longer-term effects, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Historical significance, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese views of the attack, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Film dramatizations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Recipients of the Medal of Honor, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Notes

Read more here: » Attack on Pearl Harbor: Encyclopedia II - Attack on Pearl Harbor - Historical significance

Later, small-scale attacks were also made on Pearl Harbor during the war. In March, 1942, in Operation K-1, in preparation for the Midway invasion, two Japanese H8K flying-boats, based at Wotje in the Marshall Islands, were tasked with reconnaissance to see how repairs were progressing and to bomb the important "Ten-ten" repair dock. This necessitated refueling from submarines at French Frigate Shoal, 500 miles north-west of Pearl Harbor. In the event, poor visibility hampered the mis ...

See also:

Attack on Pearl Harbor, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese preparations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - United States preparedness, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Breaking off negotiations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - The attack, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Nagumo's decision to withdraw after two strikes, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Immediate aftermath, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Subsequent attacks, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Longer-term effects, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Historical significance, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese views of the attack, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Film dramatizations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Recipients of the Medal of Honor, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Notes

Read more here: » Attack on Pearl Harbor: Encyclopedia II - Attack on Pearl Harbor - Subsequent attacks

Part of the Japanese plans for the attack included breaking off negotiations with the United States 30 minutes before the attack. Diplomats from the Japanese Embassy in Washington, including the Japanese Ambassador, Admiral Kichisaburo Nomura, and special representative Saburo Kurusu, had been conducting extended talks with the State Department regarding the U.S. reactions to the Japanese move into Indochina in the summer. In the days before the attack, a long multi-part message was sent to the Embassy from the Foreign Office in Tokyo ...

See also:

Attack on Pearl Harbor, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese preparations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - United States preparedness, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Breaking off negotiations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - The attack, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Nagumo's decision to withdraw after two strikes, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Immediate aftermath, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Subsequent attacks, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Longer-term effects, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Historical significance, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese views of the attack, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Film dramatizations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Recipients of the Medal of Honor, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Notes

Read more here: » Attack on Pearl Harbor: Encyclopedia II - Attack on Pearl Harbor - Breaking off negotiations

The first shots fired and the first casualties in the attack on Pearl Harbor actually occurred when USS Ward attacked and sank a midget submarine at 06:37 Hawaiian Time. There were five Ko-hyoteki class midget submarines which planned to torpedo U.S. ships after the bombing started. None of the subs made it back safely, and only four out of the five have since been found. Of the ten sailors aboard the five submarines, nine died, and the only survivor, Kazuo Sakamaki, was captured, becoming the first prisoner of war captured by the Ame ...

See also:

Attack on Pearl Harbor, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese preparations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - United States preparedness, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Breaking off negotiations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - The attack, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Nagumo's decision to withdraw after two strikes, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Immediate aftermath, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Subsequent attacks, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Longer-term effects, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Historical significance, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese views of the attack, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Film dramatizations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Recipients of the Medal of Honor, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Notes

Read more here: » Attack on Pearl Harbor: Encyclopedia II - Attack on Pearl Harbor - The attack

Ninety minutes before the attack on Pearl Harbor began (but the next day, December 8, 1941, on the other side of the international date line), Japanese troops invaded British Malaya. This was followed by an early morning attack on the New Territories of Hong Kong and within hours or days by attacks on the Philippines, Wake Island, and Thailand and by the sinking of HMS Prince of Wales and Repulse.See also:

Attack on Pearl Harbor, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese preparations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - United States preparedness, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Breaking off negotiations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - The attack, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Nagumo's decision to withdraw after two strikes, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Immediate aftermath, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Subsequent attacks, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Longer-term effects, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Historical significance, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese views of the attack, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Film dramatizations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Recipients of the Medal of Honor, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Notes

Read more here: » Attack on Pearl Harbor: Encyclopedia II - Attack on Pearl Harbor - Immediate aftermath

A common view is that the Japanese fell victim to victory disease due to the perceived ease of their first victories. Yet despite the perception of this battle as a devastating blow to America, only three ships were permanently lost to the Navy. These were the battleships Arizona, Oklahoma, and the old battleship Utah (then used as a target ship); nevertheless, much usable material was salvaged from them, including the two aft main turrets from Arizona. Heavy casualties resulted due to Arizona's magazine ex ...

See also:

Attack on Pearl Harbor, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese preparations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - United States preparedness, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Breaking off negotiations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - The attack, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Nagumo's decision to withdraw after two strikes, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Immediate aftermath, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Subsequent attacks, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Longer-term effects, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Historical significance, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese views of the attack, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Film dramatizations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Recipients of the Medal of Honor, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Notes

Read more here: » Attack on Pearl Harbor: Encyclopedia II - Attack on Pearl Harbor - Longer-term effects