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atmospheric drag | A Wisdom Archive on atmospheric drag | | atmospheric drag A selection of articles related to atmospheric drag | |
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atmospheric drag, Atmospheric drag - Calculation, Drag (physics), Gravity drag
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO atmospheric drag | | | |  atmospheric drag: Encyclopedia II - Rocket fuel - Liquid propellantsMain article: Liquid rocket propellants
Liquid fueled rockets have better specific impulse than solid rockets and are capable of being throttled, shut down, and restarted. Only the combustion chamber of a liquid fueled rocket needs to withstand combustion pressures and temperatures. On vehicles employing turbopumps, the fuel tanks can be built with less material, permitting a larger mass fraction. For these reasons, most orbital launch vehicles and all first- and second-generation ICBMs ...
See also:Rocket fuel, Rocket fuel - Overview, Rocket fuel - Solid propellants, Rocket fuel - Liquid propellants, Rocket fuel - Hybrid propellants, Rocket fuel - Mixture ratio, Rocket fuel - Propellent density Read more here: » Rocket fuel: Encyclopedia II - Rocket fuel - Liquid propellants |
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| | | | | atmospheric drag: Encyclopedia II - Rocket fuel - Overview Rockets create thrust by expelling mass backwards in a high speed jet. Chemical rockets, the subject of this article, create thrust by reacting propellants into very hot gas, which then expands and accelerates within a nozzle out the back. The thrust produced is the mass flow rate of the propellants multiplied by their exhaust velocity (relative to the rocket), as specified by Newton's third law of motion. It is the equal and opposite reaction that moves the rocket, and not any interaction of the exhaust stream with air around the rocket (bu ...
See also:Rocket fuel, Rocket fuel - Overview, Rocket fuel - Solid propellants, Rocket fuel - Liquid propellants, Rocket fuel - Hybrid propellants, Rocket fuel - Mixture ratio, Rocket fuel - Propellent density Read more here: » Rocket fuel: Encyclopedia II - Rocket fuel - Overview |
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| | | | | atmospheric drag: Encyclopedia II - Shenzhou 6 - International reaction
Shenzhou 6 - Parties within Greater China area.
The Central Government of the People's Republic of China - Premier Wen Jiabao reiterated China's policy for peaceful use of space and hailed the successful launch.[29]
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China - Chief Executive Donald Tsang congratulated the motherland on the successful launch.[30]
The Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party) - Lien Chan, honorary Chairman of the Kuomintang, said the "great scientific achievem ...
See also:Shenzhou 6, Shenzhou 6 - Crew, Shenzhou 6 - Backup crew, Shenzhou 6 - Mission highlights, Shenzhou 6 - Launch, Shenzhou 6 - Five days in orbit, Shenzhou 6 - Re-entry and landing, Shenzhou 6 - Upgrades, Shenzhou 6 - Experiments, Shenzhou 6 - Tracking, Shenzhou 6 - International reaction, Shenzhou 6 - Parties within Greater China area, Shenzhou 6 - Foreign countries and international organizations Read more here: » Shenzhou 6: Encyclopedia II - Shenzhou 6 - International reaction |
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| | | | | | atmospheric drag: Encyclopedia II - International Space Station - Building the ISS Building the ISS requires more than 50 assembly and utilization flights. Of these flights, 39 are planned to be Space Shuttle flights. In addition to the assembly and utilization flights, approximately 30 Progress spacecraft flights are required to provide logistics. When assembly is complete, the ISS will have a pressurized volume of 1,200 cubic meters, a mass of 419,000 kilograms, 110 kilowatts of power output, a truss 108.4 meters long, modules 74 meters long, and a crew of six.
As of the end of 2005 many changes have been made to ...
See also:International Space Station, International Space Station - Name, International Space Station - Radio call sign, International Space Station - History, International Space Station - Building the ISS, International Space Station - Criticism of the ISS, International Space Station - Space Tourism weddings and the ISS, International Space Station - Present status of the ISS, International Space Station - ISS Expeditions, International Space Station - ISS-related articles, International Space Station - Other Read more here: » International Space Station: Encyclopedia II - International Space Station - Building the ISS |
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| | | | | atmospheric drag: Encyclopedia II - International Space Station - Criticism of the ISS There are many critics of NASA who view the project as a waste of time and money, inhibiting progress on more useful projects: for instance, the estimated $100 billion USD lifetime cost could pay for dozens of unmanned scientific missions or could be used for space exploration in general or be better spent on problems on Earth. In response it should be noted that costs until today have been "solely" $26 billion USD of which the US' share consists majority of costs related to the Space Shuttle not of expenses NASA incurred by building element ...
See also:International Space Station, International Space Station - Name, International Space Station - Radio call sign, International Space Station - History, International Space Station - Building the ISS, International Space Station - Criticism of the ISS, International Space Station - Space Tourism weddings and the ISS, International Space Station - Present status of the ISS, International Space Station - ISS Expeditions, International Space Station - ISS-related articles, International Space Station - Other Read more here: » International Space Station: Encyclopedia II - International Space Station - Criticism of the ISS |
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| | | | | atmospheric drag: Encyclopedia II - International Space Station - History Initially planned as a NASA "Space Station Freedom" and promoted by President Reagan, it was found to be too expensive. After the end of the Cold War, it was taken up again as a joint project of NASA and Russia's Rosaviakosmos. On December 1, 1987, NASA announced the names of four U.S. companies who were awarded contracts to help manufacture the US-built parts of the Space Station: Boeing Aerospace, General Electric's Astro-Space Division, McDo ...
See also:International Space Station, International Space Station - Name, International Space Station - Radio call sign, International Space Station - History, International Space Station - Building the ISS, International Space Station - Criticism of the ISS, International Space Station - Space Tourism weddings and the ISS, International Space Station - Present status of the ISS, International Space Station - ISS Expeditions, International Space Station - ISS-related articles, International Space Station - Other Read more here: » International Space Station: Encyclopedia II - International Space Station - History |
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| | | | | atmospheric drag: Encyclopedia II - Difference between sub-orbital and orbital spaceflights - Energy calculations Lifting a craft to 100 km altitude requires pushing against the force of gravity over that distance. For the sake of calculation, we'll assume the force of gravity is 9.8 N/kg (about 1 Gee) on the surface, which is 6370 km from the Earth's center. Gravity will decrease with the inverse square of the distance, which starts at 6370 km and finishes at 6370 + 100 = 6470 km, where gravity will be 9.5 N/kg. Over such a small interval, we will introduce little error if we assume the gravity is a constant at a ...
See also:Difference between sub-orbital and orbital spaceflights, Difference between sub-orbital and orbital spaceflights - Angular velocity, Difference between sub-orbital and orbital spaceflights - Difference in the real world, Difference between sub-orbital and orbital spaceflights - Atmospheric reentry a much bigger challenge with orbital flights, Difference between sub-orbital and orbital spaceflights - Energy calculations, Difference between sub-orbital and orbital spaceflights - Summary Read more here: » Difference between sub-orbital and orbital spaceflights: Encyclopedia II - Difference between sub-orbital and orbital spaceflights - Energy calculations |
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| | | | | | atmospheric drag: Encyclopedia II - International Space Station - Present status of the ISS After the breakup of Columbia on February 1, 2003, and the subsequent two and a half year suspension of the US Space program, followed by problems with resuming flight operations in 2005, there remains some uncertainty over the future of the ISS.
Due to weight restrictions and design constraints, payloads intended for the Shuttle - even if ready to fly - cannot be launched to the station on any other available launcher. In addition, assembly work is manpower-intensive, making it diffi ...
See also:International Space Station, International Space Station - Name, International Space Station - Radio call sign, International Space Station - History, International Space Station - Building the ISS, International Space Station - Criticism of the ISS, International Space Station - Space Tourism weddings and the ISS, International Space Station - Present status of the ISS, International Space Station - ISS Expeditions, International Space Station - ISS-related articles, International Space Station - Other Read more here: » International Space Station: Encyclopedia II - International Space Station - Present status of the ISS |
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| | | | | atmospheric drag: Encyclopedia II - Weightlessness - Microgravity The term microgravity is also used because weightlessness in e.g. a spaceship or other container is not perfect. Causes include:
Gravity decreases 1 ppm for every 3m increase in height.
In a spaceship in orbit the required centripetal force is higher at the upper side.
Though very thin, there is some air at the level of the orbit, which causes deceleration due to friction.
The "weight" caused by the first two items (the tidal force) is directed vertically away from the spacecraft, i.e. vertically ...
See also:Weightlessness, Weightlessness - Overview, Weightlessness - Microgravity, Weightlessness - NASA's KC-135 Reduced Gravity Aircraft, Weightlessness - Zero Gravity Corporation, Weightlessness - NASA's Zero-G Research Facility, Weightlessness - Weightlessness in a spaceship, Weightlessness - Weightlessness in the centre of a planet, Weightlessness - Health effects Read more here: » Weightlessness: Encyclopedia II - Weightlessness - Microgravity |
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| | | | | | atmospheric drag: Encyclopedia II - Specific orbital energy - Examples The International Space Station has an orbital period of 91.74 minutes, hence the semi-major axis is 6738 km [1].
The energy is −29.6 MJ/kg [2]: the potential energy is −59.2 MJ/kg, and the kinetic energy 29.6 MJ/kg. Compare with the potential energy at the surface, which is −62.6 MJ/kg. The extra potential energy is 3.4 MJ/kg, the total extra energy is 33.0 MJ/kg. The average speed is 7.7 km/s, the net delta-v to reach this orbit is 8.1 km/s (the actual delta-v is typically 1.5–2 km/s more for atmospheric drag and gravity drag).
The increase per meter would be 4.4 J/kg; this rate correspond ...
See also:Specific orbital energy, Specific orbital energy - Equation forms for different orbits, Specific orbital energy - Rate of change, Specific orbital energy - Additional energy, Specific orbital energy - Examples, Specific orbital energy - Applying thrust Read more here: » Specific orbital energy: Encyclopedia II - Specific orbital energy - Examples |
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| | | | | atmospheric drag: Encyclopedia II - Weightlessness - Health effects Following the establishment of orbiting stations that can be inhabited for long durations by humans, exposure to microgravity has been demonstrated to have some deleterious effects to health. Humans have evolved to be suited to life on the surface of the Earth. When the constraint of gravity is removed, certain physiological systems begin to function to the detriment of the overall system.
The most common initial condition experienced by humans in weightless conditions is commonly known as space sickness. The symptoms include general ...
See also:Weightlessness, Weightlessness - Overview, Weightlessness - Microgravity, Weightlessness - NASA's KC-135 Reduced Gravity Aircraft, Weightlessness - Zero Gravity Corporation, Weightlessness - NASA's Zero-G Research Facility, Weightlessness - Weightlessness in a spaceship, Weightlessness - Weightlessness in the centre of a planet, Weightlessness - Health effects Read more here: » Weightlessness: Encyclopedia II - Weightlessness - Health effects |
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| | | | | atmospheric drag: Encyclopedia II - Weightlessness - Weightlessness in a spaceship Weightlessness for a more extended period of time occurs in a spaceship outside the earth's atmosphere, as long as no propulsion is applied, and that it is not rotating about its axis; orbiting the earth this is the case except when rockets are on for orbital maneuvers, and until atmospheric re-entry.
A rocket ship that is accelerating by firing its rockets is a very different matter. Even if the rocket is accelerating uniformly, the force is applied to the back end of the rocket by the gas escaping out the back. This force must be transferred to each part of the ship through either ...
See also:Weightlessness, Weightlessness - Overview, Weightlessness - Microgravity, Weightlessness - NASA's KC-135 Reduced Gravity Aircraft, Weightlessness - Zero Gravity Corporation, Weightlessness - NASA's Zero-G Research Facility, Weightlessness - Weightlessness in a spaceship, Weightlessness - Weightlessness in the centre of a planet, Weightlessness - Health effects Read more here: » Weightlessness: Encyclopedia II - Weightlessness - Weightlessness in a spaceship |
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| | | | | atmospheric drag: Encyclopedia II - Weightlessness - NASA's Zero-G Research Facility NASA's Zero-G Research Facility, located at the Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio, is a 145-meter vertical shaft, largely below the ground, with an integral vacuum drop chamber, in which an experiment vehicle can have a free fall for a duration of 5.18 seconds, falling a distance of 132 meters. The experiment vehicle is stopped in approximately 4.5 meters of pellets of expanded polystyrene and experiences a peak deceleration rate of 65g.
Also at NASA Glenn is the 2.2 Second Drop Tower which is about 24 meters tall.
These are not for people, just ...
See also:Weightlessness, Weightlessness - Overview, Weightlessness - Microgravity, Weightlessness - NASA's KC-135 Reduced Gravity Aircraft, Weightlessness - Zero Gravity Corporation, Weightlessness - NASA's Zero-G Research Facility, Weightlessness - Weightlessness in a spaceship, Weightlessness - Weightlessness in the centre of a planet, Weightlessness - Health effects Read more here: » Weightlessness: Encyclopedia II - Weightlessness - NASA's Zero-G Research Facility |
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| | | | | atmospheric drag: Encyclopedia II - Shenzhou 6 - Crew
Shenzhou 6 - Backup crew.
Team 1: Liu Boming, Jing Haipeng
Team 2: Zhai Zhigang, Wu Jie
This is the first spaceflight for both astronauts. The crew was introduced to the Chinese populace and international media about five hours before the launch. Niè Hǎishèng celebrated his 41st birthday in space.
Huang Chunping, the chief designer of the Long March 2F rocket, was quoted in the Beijing Times as saying the astronauts who would fly the mission were selected from a pool ...
See also:Shenzhou 6, Shenzhou 6 - Crew, Shenzhou 6 - Backup crew, Shenzhou 6 - Mission highlights, Shenzhou 6 - Launch, Shenzhou 6 - Five days in orbit, Shenzhou 6 - Re-entry and landing, Shenzhou 6 - Upgrades, Shenzhou 6 - Experiments, Shenzhou 6 - Tracking, Shenzhou 6 - International reaction, Shenzhou 6 - Parties within Greater China area, Shenzhou 6 - Foreign countries and international organizations Read more here: » Shenzhou 6: Encyclopedia II - Shenzhou 6 - Crew |
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