Athlon 64

The Athlon 64 features an on-die memory controller, a feature not previously seen on x86 CPUs. Not only does this mean the controller runs at the same clock rate as the CPU itself, it also means the electrical signals have a shorter physical distance to travel compared to the old northbridge interfaces. The result is a significant reduction in latency (response time) for access requests to main memory. Translation Look-Aside Buffers (TLBs) have also been enlarged, with reduced latencies and improved branch prediction, with four times ...

See also:

Athlon 64, Athlon 64 - Features, Athlon 64 - Sockets, Athlon 64 - Athlon 64 FX models, Athlon 64 - Sledgehammer 130 nm SOI, Athlon 64 - Clawhammer 130 nm SOI, Athlon 64 - San Diego 90 nm SOI, Athlon 64 - Toledo 90 nm SOI, Athlon 64 - Athlon 64 models, Athlon 64 - Clawhammer 130 nm SOI, Athlon 64 - Newcastle 130 nm SOI, Athlon 64 - Winchester 90 nm SOI, Athlon 64 - Venice 90 nm SOI, Athlon 64 - San Diego 90 nm SOI

Read more here: » Athlon 64: Encyclopedia II - Athlon 64 - Features

Athlon is the brand name applied to a series of different x86 processors designed and manufactured by AMD. The original Athlon, or Athlon Classic, was the first seventh-generation x86 processor and, in a first, retained the initial performance lead it had over Intel's competing processors for a significant period of time. AMD has continued the Athlon name with the Athlon 64, an eighth-generation processor featuring AMD64 technology. Athlon - Athlon Classic. The Athlon made its debut on June 23, 1999. ...

Including:

• Athlon - Athlon Classic
• Athlon - Athlon Thunderbird T-Bird
• Athlon - Athlon XP
• Athlon - Palomino
• Athlon - Thoroughbred T-Bred
• Athlon - Barton and Thorton
• Athlon - Mobile Athlon XP
• Athlon - Models
• Athlon - Athlon
• Athlon - Athlon XP

Read more here: » Athlon: Encyclopedia - Athlon

Cell is a microprocessor jointly developed by Sony, Toshiba, and IBM. The Cell architecture is intended to be scalable through the use of vector processing. The first major commercial application of Cell is in Sony's upcoming PlayStation 3 game console. Cell microprocessor - History. In 2000, Sony Computer Entertainment Inc., Toshiba Corp., and IBM formed an alliance ("STI") to design and build the processor. The STI Design Center in Austin, Texas opened in March 2001. ^Including:

• Cell microprocessor - History
• Cell microprocessor - Architecture
• Cell microprocessor - Power Processor Element
• Cell microprocessor - Synergistic Processing Elements SPE
• Cell microprocessor - Element Interconnect Bus EIB
• Cell microprocessor - Memory controller and I/O
• Cell microprocessor - Broadband Engine
• Cell microprocessor - Architecture compared
• Cell microprocessor - Possible applications
• Cell microprocessor - Blade server
• Cell microprocessor - Console videogames
• Cell microprocessor - Home cinema
• Cell microprocessor - Software engineering
• Cell microprocessor - Job queue
• Cell microprocessor - Self-multitasking of SPEs
• Cell microprocessor - Stream processing
• Cell microprocessor - Open source software development
• Cell microprocessor - Acronyms

Read more here: » Cell microprocessor: Encyclopedia - Cell microprocessor

Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD) NYSE: AMD is a manufacturer of integrated circuits based in Sunnyvale, California. It is the second-largest supplier of x86-compatible processors, and a leading supplier of non-volatile flash memory. It was founded in 1969 by a group of defectors from Fairchild Semiconductor, including Jerry Sanders. AMD's current president and CEO is Dr. Héctor Ruiz. AMD is best known for the Athlon, Opteron, Turion64, Sempron and Duron lines of x86-compatible processors. Their more general com ...

Including:

• AMD - Financial information
• AMD - General history
• AMD - 8086 80286 80386 Am486
• AMD - K5
• AMD - NexGen / K6
• AMD - Athlon / K7
• AMD - AMD64 / K8
• AMD - Geode
• AMD - Pacifica
• AMD - Current production
• AMD - Partnerships
• AMD - Flash technology
• AMD - Lawsuits against Intel Corporation

Read more here: » AMD: Encyclopedia - AMD

In computer architecture, 64-bit is an adjective used to describe integers, memory addresses or other data units that are at most 64 bits (8 octets) wide, or to describe CPU and ALU architectures based on registers, address buses, or data buses of that size. As of 2004, 64-bit CPUs are common in servers, and have recently been introduced to the (previously 32-bit) mainstream personal computer arena in the form of the AMD64, EM64T, and P ...

Including:

• 64-bit - Architectural implications
• 64-bit - Memory limitations
• 64-bit - Timeline
• 64-bit - 32 vs 64 bit
• 64-bit - Pros and cons
• 64-bit - 64-bit data models
• 64-bit - Current 64-bit processor architectures
• 64-bit - Beyond 64 bits

Read more here: » 64-bit: Encyclopedia - 64-bit

Windows XP is a major revision of the Microsoft Windows operating system created for use on desktop and business computer systems. As of 2005, it is the latest general purpose version of Microsoft's family of operating systems, and is expected to be succeeded by Windows Vista sometime in late 2006. Codenamed "Whistler" during its development, it was released on October 25, 2001. The most common editions of the operating system are Windows XP Home Edition, which is targeted at home users, and Windows XP Professional, whic ...

Including:

• Windows XP - Editions
• Windows XP - Windows XP for specialized hardware
• Windows XP - Windows XP Starter Edition
• Windows XP - Windows XP Home and Professional Edition N
• Windows XP - New and updated features
• Windows XP - User interface
• Windows XP - Service packs
• Windows XP - Service Pack 1
• Windows XP - Service Pack 2
• Windows XP - Service Pack 3
• Windows XP - Common criticisms
• Windows XP - Security issues
• Windows XP - Product activation
• Windows XP - User interface and performance
• Windows XP - Integration of operating system features
• Windows XP - Copying restrictions
• Windows XP - Notes

Read more here: » Windows XP: Encyclopedia - Windows XP

x86 or 80x86 is the generic name of a microprocessor architecture first developed and manufactured by Intel. The x86 architecture currently dominates the desktop computer, portable computer, and small server markets. The architecture is called x86 because the earliest processors in this family were identified by model numbers ending in the sequence "86": the 8086, the 80186, the 80286, the 386, and the 486. Because one cannot trademark numbers, Intel and most ...

Including:

• X86 - History
• X86 - Design
• X86 - Real mode
• X86 - 16-bit protected mode
• X86 - 32-bit protected mode
• X86 - MMX and beyond
• X86 - 3DNow!
• X86 - SSE
• X86 - SSE2
• X86 - SSE3
• X86 - 64-bit
• X86 - Virtualization
• X86 - Manufacturers

Read more here: » X86: Encyclopedia - X86

A computer workstation, often colloquially referred to as workstation, is a high-end general-purpose microcomputer designed to be used by one person at a time and which offers higher performance than normally found in a personal computer, especially with respect to graphics, processing power and the ability to carry out several tasks at the same time. When comparing with some of the old definitions of computing power, some people may consider a workstation to be the equivalent of a one-person minicomputer. Today the average per ...

Including:

• Computer workstation - What makes a workstation?
• Computer workstation - List of workstations and manufacturers

Read more here: » Computer workstation: Encyclopedia - Computer workstation

Clawhammer and frailing describe a class of fingerpicking techniques used by banjo and, rarely, guitar players. Although both terms are widely used by players, the difference between the two is not clear and there have been many debates over the precise meanings of the terms, so for the sake of consistency this article will treat them as equivalent and prefer the more popular term "clawhammer". The distinction is discussed at the end of the article. Clawhammer is a highly rhythmic and common component of American old-tim ...

Including:

• Clawhammer - Clawhammer or frailing?

Read more here: » Clawhammer: Encyclopedia - Clawhammer

Athlon 64 X2 - Toledo 90 nm SOI. Dual-core CPU CPU-Stepping: E6 L1-Cache: 64 + 64 kB (Data + Instructions), per core L2-Cache: 1024 kB fullspeed, per core MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, NX Bit Socket 939, HyperTransport (1000 MHz, HT1000) VCore: 1.35 V - 1.4 V Power Consumption (TDP): 110 Watt max (4400+: 89 or 110 Watt depending on version) First Release: April 21, 2005 Clockrate:: 2200 - 2400 MHz 4400+: 2200 MHz 4800+: 2400 MHz A ...

See also:

Athlon 64 X2, Athlon 64 X2 - CPU Cores, Athlon 64 X2 - Toledo 90 nm SOI, Athlon 64 X2 - Manchester 90 nm SOI

Read more here: » Athlon 64 X2: Encyclopedia II - Athlon 64 X2 - CPU Cores

The Macintosh operating system initially consisted of two pieces of software, called "System" and "Finder", each with its own version number. They were bundled for upgrades as "System Software" with a single version number for each combination. This was formally shortened to "System" (and the component version numbers synchronised) with "System 6". System 7.5.1 was the first to include the Mac OS logo (a blue variation of a smiley face), and Mac OS 7.6 was the first to be named "Mac OS" (to ensure that users would still identify it with Apple, even when used ...

See also:

Mac OS, Mac OS - Versions, Mac OS - Classic Mac OS 1984-2001, Mac OS - Mac OS X 2001-present, Mac OS - Classic Mac OS technologies, Mac OS - Project Star Trek, Mac OS - A/UX

Read more here: » Mac OS: Encyclopedia II - Mac OS - Versions

NVIDIA - Pre-DirectX. NVIDIA's original graphics card called the NV1 was released in 1995, based upon quadratic surfaces, with an integrated playback only soundcard and ports for Sega Saturn gamepads. Because the Sega Saturn was also based upon forward-rendered quads, several Saturn games were converted to NV1 on the PC, such as Panzer Dragoon and Virtua Fighter Remix. However, the NV1 struggled in a market place full of ...

See also:

NVIDIA, NVIDIA - History, NVIDIA - Products, NVIDIA - Graphics chipsets, NVIDIA - Personal computer platforms / chipsets, NVIDIA - Market History, NVIDIA - Pre-DirectX, NVIDIA - Turning a New Leaf, NVIDIA - Climbing to the Top with TNT, NVIDIA - The GeForce Era, NVIDIA - A Shaky Lead, NVIDIA - NVIDIA Steps Back Up, NVIDIA - Open Source development, NVIDIA - Original Equipment Manufacturers

Read more here: » NVIDIA: Encyclopedia II - NVIDIA - Market History

In October 2001 the Athlon XP regained a clear lead for AMD, but in January 2002 Intel released Pentium 4s with their new Northwood core at 2.0 and 2.2 GHz. Northwood combined an increase in the secondary cache size from 256 KB to 512 KB (increasing the transistor count to 55 million, up from 42 million) with a transition to a new 130 nm fabrication process. By making the chip out of smaller transistors, chips can run at the same speed and produce less heat, or run at higher clocks. Unfortunately for many consumers, the new core also made up ...

See also:

Pentium 4, Pentium 4 - Willamette, Pentium 4 - Northwood, Pentium 4 - Mobile Pentium 4, Pentium 4 - Mobile Pentium 4 M, Pentium 4 - Extreme Edition, Pentium 4 - Prescott, Pentium 4 - Prescott 2M, Pentium 4 - Cedar Mill, Pentium 4 - Dual core, Pentium 4 - Technical highlights, Pentium 4 - Successor

Read more here: » Pentium 4: Encyclopedia II - Pentium 4 - Northwood

On February 1, 2004, Intel introduced a new core codenamed "Prescott." The core uses a 90nm process for the first time, and "[it] is also a major reworking of the Pentium 4's microarchitecture - major enough that some analysts are surprised Intel didn't opt to call this processor the Pentium 5" ([4]). Although a Prescott clocked at the same rate as a Northwood, benchmarks show that a Northwood runs slightly faster than a Prescott in gaming applications. However, with video editing and other multimedia software, the Prescott's extra cache giv ...

See also:

Pentium 4, Pentium 4 - Willamette, Pentium 4 - Northwood, Pentium 4 - Mobile Pentium 4, Pentium 4 - Mobile Pentium 4 M, Pentium 4 - Extreme Edition, Pentium 4 - Prescott, Pentium 4 - Prescott 2M, Pentium 4 - Cedar Mill, Pentium 4 - Dual Core, Pentium 4 - Technical highlights, Pentium 4 - Successor

Read more here: » Pentium 4: Encyclopedia II - Pentium 4 - Prescott

The Macintosh operating system initially consisted of two pieces of software, called "System" and "Finder", each with its own version number. They were bundled for upgrades as "System Software" with a single version number for each combination. This was formally shortened to "System" (and the component version numbers synchronised) with "System 6". System 7.5.1 was the first to include the Mac OS logo (a blue variation of a smiley face), and Mac OS 7.6 was the first to be named "Mac OS" (to ensure that users would still identify it with Apple, even when used ...

See also:

Mac OS, Mac OS - Versions, Mac OS - Classic Mac OS 1984-2001, Mac OS - Mac OS X 2001-present, Mac OS - Classic Mac OS technologies, Mac OS - Obsolete technologies, Mac OS - Project Star Trek, Mac OS - Project Marklar, Mac OS - Translation emulation and Macintosh clones, Mac OS - A/UX

Read more here: » Mac OS: Encyclopedia II - Mac OS - Versions

1: The 478 pin socket was introduced because it uses a micro-PGA layout which is physically smaller than the socket 423. Socket 775 was introduced with support for PCI express, DDR2 memory and Intel's version of the AMD64 processor extensions (called EM64T), but also moved to the new Land Grid Array physical layout, where the pins are in the socket rather than on the CPU package, for better electrical performance. 2: These sockets are for CPUs with integrated memory controllers. The 754 pin models have a single m ...

See also:

List of CPU sockets, List of CPU sockets - List of all sockets, List of CPU sockets - List of sockets with Intel CPUs, List of CPU sockets - List of sockets with AMD CPUs

Read more here: » List of CPU sockets: Encyclopedia II - List of CPU sockets - List of all sockets

A cheap but modern desktop computer using, for example, a Pentium 4 or Athlon 64 CPU, typically runs at a clock frequency in excess of 2 GHz and provides computational performance in the range of a few GFLOPS. Even some video game consoles of the late 1990s and early 2000s, such as the Gamecube and Dreamcast, had performance in excess of one GFLOPS (but see below). The original supercomputer, the Cray-1, was set up at Los Alamos National Laboratory in 1976. The Cray-1 was capable of 80 MFLOPS (or, according to another source, 138–250 MFLOPS). In fewer than 30 years since then, the computational ...

See also:

FLOPS, FLOPS - The performance spectrum, FLOPS - FLOPS as a measure of performance, FLOPS - FLOPS GPUs and game consoles, FLOPS - cost of computing, FLOPS - Trivia

Read more here: » FLOPS: Encyclopedia II - FLOPS - The performance spectrum

The two major editions are Windows XP Home Edition, designed for home users, and Windows XP Professional, designed for business and power-users. The Home Edition lacks several features provided by Windows XP Professional. For instance, the Home Edition cannot become part of a Windows Server domain — a group of computers that are remotely managed by one or more central servers. Many businesses that use Windows have a Windows Server and a domain. It also uses by default a simplified access control scheme that does not allow specific permissions on files to be granted to spe ...

See also:

Windows XP, Windows XP - Editions, Windows XP - Windows XP for specialized hardware, Windows XP - Windows XP Starter Edition, Windows XP - Windows XP Home and Professional Edition N, Windows XP - New and updated features, Windows XP - User interface, Windows XP - Service packs, Windows XP - Service Pack 1, Windows XP - Service Pack 2, Windows XP - Service Pack 3, Windows XP - Common criticisms, Windows XP - Security issues, Windows XP - Product activation, Windows XP - User interface and performance, Windows XP - Integration of operating system features, Windows XP - Copying restrictions, Windows XP - Notes

Read more here: » Windows XP: Encyclopedia II - Windows XP - Editions

List of AMD Athlon 64 microprocessors - Athlon 64. List of AMD Athlon 64 microprocessors - Athlon 64 FX. ...

See also:

List of AMD Athlon 64 microprocessors, List of AMD Athlon 64 microprocessors - Desktop processors, List of AMD Athlon 64 microprocessors - Athlon 64, List of AMD Athlon 64 microprocessors - Athlon 64 FX, List of AMD Athlon 64 microprocessors - Dual-Core Desktop Processors, List of AMD Athlon 64 microprocessors - Athlon 64 X2, List of AMD Athlon 64 microprocessors - Athlon 64 FX, List of AMD Athlon 64 microprocessors - Mobile processors, List of AMD Athlon 64 microprocessors - Mobile Athlon 64, List of AMD Athlon 64 microprocessors - Notes

Read more here: » List of AMD Athlon 64 microprocessors: Encyclopedia II - List of AMD Athlon 64 microprocessors - Desktop processors

List of AMD microprocessors - 2nd source 1979–91. (second-sourced x86 processors produced under contract with Intel) 8086 8088 Am286 (2nd-sourced 80286, so not a proper Amx86 member) List of AMD microprocessors - Amx86 series 1991–95. Am386 (1991) Am486 (1993) Am5x86 (a 486-class µP) (1995) List of AMD microprocessors - ...

See also:

List of AMD microprocessors, List of AMD microprocessors - AMD-originated architectures, List of AMD microprocessors - Am2900 series 1975, List of AMD microprocessors - 29000 29K 1987–95, List of AMD microprocessors - x86 architecture processors, List of AMD microprocessors - 2nd source 1979–91, List of AMD microprocessors - Amx86 series 1991–95, List of AMD microprocessors - K5 series 1995, List of AMD microprocessors - K6 series 1997–2001, List of AMD microprocessors - K7 series 1999–2005, List of AMD microprocessors - K8 series 2003–, List of AMD microprocessors - K9 series, List of AMD microprocessors - K10 series, List of AMD microprocessors - Detailed x86-µP release lists

Read more here: » List of AMD microprocessors: Encyclopedia II - List of AMD microprocessors - x86 architecture processors