Asthma is a disease of the human respiratory system in which the airways narrow, often in response to a “trigger” such as exposure to an allergen, cold air, exercise, or emotional stress. This narrowing causes symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, which are the hallmarks of asthma. Between episodes, most patients feel fine. The disorder is a chronic inflammatory condition in which the airways develop increased responsiveness to various stimuli, characterized by bronchial hyper-respon ...

Including:

Asthma - History Asthma - Signs and symptoms Asthma - Diagnosis
Asthma - Differential diagnosis
Asthma - Pathophysiology
Asthma - Bronchoconstriction Asthma - Bronchial inflammation Asthma - The immune response Asthma - Pathogenesis
Asthma - Treatment
Asthma - Relief medication Asthma - Prevention medication Asthma - Long-acting β2-agonists Asthma - Emergency treatment Asthma - Alternative medicine
Asthma - Prognosis Asthma - Epidemiology
Asthma - US Socioeconomic Factors Asthma - Asthma and athletics

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Asthma, Asthma - History, Asthma - Signs and symptoms, Asthma - Diagnosis, Asthma - Differential diagnosis, Asthma - Pathophysiology, Asthma - Bronchoconstriction, Asthma - Bronchial inflammation, Asthma - The immune response, Asthma - Pathogenesis, Asthma - Treatment, Asthma - Relief medication, Asthma - Prevention medication, Asthma - Long-acting β2-agonists, Asthma - Emergency treatment, Asthma - Alternative medicine, Asthma - Prognosis, Asthma - Epidemiology, Asthma - US Socioeconomic Factors, Asthma - Asthma and athletics

Read more here: » Asthma: Encyclopedia II - Asthma - Signs and symptoms

An acute exacerbation of asthma is referred to colloquially as an asthma attack. The clinical hallmarks of an attack are shortness of breath (dyspnea) and wheezing, the latter “often being regarded as the sine qua non.”[4] A cough—sometimes producing clear sputum—may also be present. The onset is often sudden; there is a “sense of constriction” in the chest, breathing becomes difficult, and wheezing occurs (primarily upon expira ...

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Asthma, Asthma - History, Asthma - Signs and symptoms, Asthma - Diagnosis, Asthma - Differential diagnosis, Asthma - Pathophysiology, Asthma - Bronchoconstriction, Asthma - Bronchial inflammation, Asthma - The immune response, Asthma - Pathogenesis, Asthma - Treatment, Asthma - Relief medication, Asthma - Prevention medication, Asthma - Long-acting β2-agonists, Asthma - Emergency treatment, Asthma - Alternative medicine, Asthma - Prognosis, Asthma - Epidemiology, Asthma - Socioeconomic factors, Asthma - Asthma and athletics

Read more here: » Asthma: Encyclopedia II - Asthma - Signs and symptoms

Allergy is characterised by a local or systemic inflammatory response to allergens. Local symptoms are: Nose: swelling of the nasal mucosa (allergic rhinitis) The distinctive behavior known as nasal salute, also known as allergy salute, is the habit of wiping of the nose in an upward direction due to itching. Eyes: redness and itching of the conjunctiva (allergic conjunctivitis) Airways: bronchoconstriction, wheezing and dyspnoea, sometimes outright attacks of asthma Skin: various rashes, such as eczema, hi ...

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Allergy, Allergy - History, Allergy - Signs and symptoms, Allergy - Diagnosis, Allergy - Skin test, Allergy - Problems with skin test, Allergy - Total IgE count, Allergy - Treatment, Allergy - Immunotherapy, Allergy - Chemotherapy, Allergy - Alternative therapies, Allergy - Pathophysiology, Allergy - Acute response, Allergy - Late-phase response, Allergy - Basis of the allergic response, Allergy - Genetic Basis, Allergy - Relationship with parasites, Allergy - Basis of increasing prevalence, Allergy - The hygiene hypothesis, Allergy - Increasing use of chemicals, Allergy - Common allergens

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The rhyme "moans, groans, stones, and bones, with psychic overtones" has been used to describe the classic symptoms of hyperparathyroidism: abdominal pain, lethargy or dysphoria, kidney stones, osteoporosis (and resultant fractures), and depression. Other symptoms include: headaches, sleep disorders, memory problems, gastroesophageal reflux, decreased sex drive, thinning hair, hypertension, and heart palpitations. In short-lived hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia might be the only sign, sometimes producing such symptoms as nausea, vomiting, lethargy, ...

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Hyperparathyroidism, Hyperparathyroidism - Signs and symptoms, Hyperparathyroidism - Diagnosis, Hyperparathyroidism - Treatment

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The primary symptom of asbestosis is generally the slow, insidious onset of shortness of breath on exertion. In severe, advanced cases, this may lead to respiratory failure. Coughing is not usually a typical symptom, unless the patient has other, concomitant respiratory tract diseases. People with extensive occupational exposure to the mining, manufacturing, handling or removal of asbestos are at risk of developing asbestosis. There is also an increased risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma. This risk is related to the total dose of asbesto ...

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Asbestosis, Asbestosis - Signs and symptoms, Asbestosis - Diagnosis, Asbestosis - Pathogenesis, Asbestosis - Treatment, Asbestosis - Legal issues

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Symptoms may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, abdominal distension and hematochezia. If there is vomiting, gastroenteritis is the more correct diagnosis. ...

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Enteritis, Enteritis - Signs and symptoms, Enteritis - Diagnosis, Enteritis - Treatment

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Emphysema is characterised by loss of elasticity of the lung tissue; destruction of structures supporting the alveoli; and destruction of capillaries feeding the alveoli. The result is that the small airways collapse during expiration, leading to an obstructive form of lung disease (air is trapped in the lungs in obstructive lung diseases). Features are: shortness of breath on exertion--particularly when climbing stairs or inclines (and later at rest), hyperventilation and an expanded chest. As emphysema progresses, clubbing of the fingers may ...

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Emphysema, Emphysema - Signs and symptoms, Emphysema - Diagnosis, Emphysema - Pathophysiology, Emphysema - Pathogenesis, Emphysema - Associations, Emphysema - Prognosis and treatment

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Hypercalcemia per se can result in fatigue, depression, confusion, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, or increased urination; if it is chronic it can result in urinary calculi (renal stones or bladder stones). Abnormal heart rhythms can result, and an EKG finding of a short QT interval suggests hypercalcemia. Symptoms are more common at high calcium levels (12.0 mg/dL or 3 mmol/l). Severe hypercalcemia (above 15-16 mg/dL or 3.75-4 mmol/l) is considered a medical emergency: ...

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Hypercalcaemia, Hypercalcaemia - Signs and symptoms, Hypercalcaemia - Causes, Hypercalcaemia - Treatments

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Individuals with short QT syndrome frequently complain of palpitations and may have syncope (loss of consciousness) that is unexplained. Due to the autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, most individuals will have family members with a history of unexplained or sudden death at a young age (even in infancy), palpitations, or atrial fibrillation. Short QT syndrome is associated with an increased risk of sudden car ...

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Short QT syndrome, Short QT syndrome - Symptoms and signs, Short QT syndrome - Diagnosis, Short QT syndrome - Electrocardiogam, Short QT syndrome - Electrophysiologic Studies, Short QT syndrome - Etiology, Short QT syndrome - Treatment

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Hemophilia leads to a severely increased risk of bleeding from common injuries. The sites of bleeding are: joints muscles digestive tract brain The muscle and joint haemorrhages are quite typical of haemophilia, while digestive tract and cerebral haemorrhages are also germane to other coagulation disorders. ...

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Haemophilia A, Haemophilia A - Signs and symptoms, Haemophilia A - Diagnosis, Haemophilia A - Therapy

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Chest pain, radiating to the back and relieved by sitting up forward, is the classical presentation. Other symptoms of pericarditis may include dry cough, fever, fatigue and anxiety. The classic sign of pericarditis is a pericardial rub. Other signs include include ST-elevation on EKG (all leads) and the signs of cardiac tamponade (pulsus paradoxus, hypotension) and congestive heart failure (e ...

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Pericarditis, Pericarditis - Pathology, Pericarditis - Signs and Symptoms, Pericarditis - Causes, Pericarditis - Complications, Pericarditis - Treatment

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Symptoms of mesothelioma may not appear until 30 to 50 years after exposure to asbestos. Shortness of breath and pain in the chest due to an accumulation of fluid in the pleural space are often symptoms of pleural mesothelioma. Symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma include weight loss and cachexia, abdominal swelling and pain due to ascites (a buildup of fluid in the abdominal cavity). Other symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma may include bowel obstruction, blood clotting abnormalities, anemia, and fever. If the cancer has spread beyond the mesothelium to other parts of the body, symptoms may include pain, t ...

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Mesothelioma, Mesothelioma - Signs and symptoms, Mesothelioma - Diagnosis, Mesothelioma - Screening, Mesothelioma - Staging, Mesothelioma - Pathophysiology, Mesothelioma - Epidemiology, Mesothelioma - Incidence, Mesothelioma - Risk factors, Mesothelioma - Exposure, Mesothelioma - Treatment, Mesothelioma - Surgery, Mesothelioma - Radiation, Mesothelioma - Chemotherapy, Mesothelioma - Immunotherapy, Mesothelioma - Heated Intraoperative Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy, Mesothelioma - Research, Mesothelioma - Legal issues, Mesothelioma - History, Mesothelioma - Sources

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Sudden shortness of breath, cyanosis (turning blue) and pain felt in the chest and/or back are the main symptoms. In penetrating chest wounds, the sound of air flowing through the puncture hole may indicate pneumothorax. The flopping sound of the punctured lung is occasionally heard. If untreated, the hypoxia will lead to loss of consciousness and coma. In addition, shifting of the mediastinum towards the site of the injury can obstruct the aorta and other large blood vessels, depriving distal tissues of blood. Untreated, a severe pne ...

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Pneumothorax, Pneumothorax - Signs and symptoms, Pneumothorax - Diagnosis, Pneumothorax - Pathophysiology, Pneumothorax - First Aid, Pneumothorax - Chest wound, Pneumothorax - Blast injury or spontaneous, Pneumothorax - Emergency services, Pneumothorax - Clinical treatment, Pneumothorax - History

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Patients present with skin symptoms, throat tightness, shortness of breath, lightheadedness and/or stomach symptoms. The symptoms usually develop within half an hour of ingesting the allergen. Rarely, food allergy can lead to anaphylactic shock: hypotension (low blood pressure) and loss of consciousness. This is a medical emergency. Allergens commonly associated with this type of reaction are peanuts, nuts, milk, egg and sea ...

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Food allergy, Food allergy - Signs and symptoms, Food allergy - Diagnosis, Food allergy - Pathophysiology, Food allergy - Treatment, Food allergy - Statistics, Food allergy - Differing views, Food allergy - In children

Read more here: » Food allergy: Encyclopedia II - Food allergy - Signs and symptoms

Patients with chronic or latent melioidosis may be symptom free for decades. A patient with active melioidosis usually presents with fever. There may be pains in multiple sites around his/her body due to bacteremia and abscess formation. Patients with melioidosis usually have risk factors for disease, such as diabetes, thalassemia or renal disease. However, otherwise healthy patients, including children, may also get melioidosis. If there is pulmonary involvem ...

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Melioidosis, Melioidosis - Symptoms and signs, Melioidosis - Diagnosis, Melioidosis - Treatment, Melioidosis - Prognosis, Melioidosis - Prevention

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Anemia goes undetected in many people, and symptoms can be vague. Most commonly, people with anemia report a feeling of weakness or fatigue. People with more severe anemia sometimes report shortness of breath. Very severe anemia prompts the body to compensate by markedly increasing cardiac output, leading to palpitations and sweatiness; this process can lead to heart failure in elderly people. Pallor (pale skin and mucosal linings) is only notable in cases of severe ...

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Anemia, Anemia - Signs and symptoms, Anemia - Diagnosis, Anemia - Differential diagnosis, Anemia - Microcytic anemia, Anemia - Normocytic anemia, Anemia - Macrocytic anemia, Anemia - Dimorphic Anemia, Anemia - Specific anemias, Anemia - Possible complications, Anemia - Anemia during pregnancy, Anemia - Diet and anemia, Anemia - Treatments for anemia, Anemia - Related topics

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The symptoms of leishmaniasis are skin sores which erupt weeks to months after the person affected is bitten by sand flies. Other consequences, which can become manifest anywhere from a few months to years after infection, include fever, damage to the spleen and liver, and anaemia. In the medical field, leishmaniasis is one of the famous causes of a markedly enlarged spleen (larger even than the liver). There are four main forms of leishmaniasis: Visceral leishmaniasis - the most serious form and potentially fatal if untr ...

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Leishmaniasis, Leishmaniasis - Geography and epidemiology, Leishmaniasis - Life cycle, Leishmaniasis - Signs and symptoms, Leishmaniasis - Treatment

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The signs and symptoms of hydronephrosis depends upon whether the obstruction is acute or chronic. Unilateral hydronephrosis may even occur without symptoms. Blood tests can show elevated creatinine and electrolyte imbalance. Urinalysis may show an elevated pH due to the secondary destruction of nephrons within the affected kidney. Symptoms that occur regardless of where the obstruction lies include loin or flank pai ...

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Hydronephrosis, Hydronephrosis - Signs and symptoms, Hydronephrosis - Aetiology, Hydronephrosis - Complications, Hydronephrosis - Treatment

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In common constipation, the stool is hard and difficult to void. Straining may cause hemorrhoids and anal fissures. The abdomen may become distended and diffusely tender and crampy, occasionally with enhanced bowel sounds. While many feel that one should have a bowel movement every day, it may be completely normal to defecate once a week as long as this does not cause any other symptoms. This depends on ...

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Constipation, Constipation - Signs and symptoms, Constipation - Diagnosis, Constipation - Causes, Constipation - Treatment, Constipation - In art

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