Assyria in earliest historical times referred to a region on the Upper Tigris river, named for its original capital, the ancient city of Ashur. Later, as a nation and Empire, it also came to include roughly the northern half of Mesopotamia (the southern half being Babylonia). Assyria proper was located in a mountainous region, extending along the Tigris as far as the high Gordiaean or Carduchian mountain range of Armenia, sometimes called the "Mountains of Ashur". Assyria - Early history. Of the earl ...

Including:

• Assyria - Early history
• Assyria - Old Assyrian city-state
• Assyria - Assyrian Empire
• Assyria - Assyrian empire-building
• Assyria - Sargonid dynasty
• Assyria - Downfall and heritage

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Of the early history of the kingdom of Assyria, little is positively known. According to some Judeo-Christian traditions, the city of Ashur (Aŝŝur) was founded by Ashur the son of Shem, who was deified by later generations as the city's patron god. Besides Ashur, the other three royal Assyrian cities were Calah (Nimrud), Khorsabad, and Nineveh. This region seems to have been ruled from Sumer, Akkad, and northern Babylonia in its earliest stages, being part of Sargon the Great's empire. Destroyed by barbarians in the Gutian pe ...

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Assyria, Assyria - Early history, Assyria - Old Assyrian city-state, Assyria - Assyrian Empire, Assyria - Assyrian empire-building, Assyria - Sargonid dynasty, Assyria - Downfall and heritage

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The sister-states of Babylonia and Assyria differed essentially in character. Babylonia was a land of merchants and agriculturists; Assyria was an organized camp. The Assyrian dynasties were founded by successful generals; in Babylonia it was the priests whom a revolution raised to the throne. The Babylonian king remained a priest to the last, under the control of a powerful hierarchy; the Assyrian king was the autocratic general of an army, at whose side stood in early days a feudal nobility, aided from the reign of Tiglath-pileser III onwa ...

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The city-state of Ashur had extensive contact with cities on the Anatolian plateau. The Assyrians established "merchant colonies" in Cappadocia, e.g., at Kanesh (modern Kültepe) circa 1920 BC–1840 BC and 1798 BC–1740 BC. These colonies, called karum, the Akkadian word for 'port', were attached to Anatolian cities, but physically separate, and had special tax status. They must have arisen from a long tradition of trade between Ashur and the Anatolian cities; but no archaeological or written records show this. The trade cons ...

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Assyria, Assyria - Early history, Assyria - Old Assyrian city-state, Assyria - Assyrian Empire, Assyria - Assyrian empire-building, Assyria - Sargonid dynasty, Assyria - Downfall and heritage

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The city-state of Ashur had extensive contact with cities on the Anatolian plateau. The Assyrians established "merchant colonies" in Cappadocia, e.g., at Kanesh (modern Kültepe) circa 1920 BC–1840 BC and 1798 BC–1740 BC. These colonies, called karum, the Akkadian word for 'port', were attached to Anatolian cities, but physically separate, and had special tax status. They must have arisen from a long tradition of trade between Ashur and the Anatolian cities; but no archaeological or written records show this. The trade cons ...

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Assyria, Assyria - Early history, Assyria - Old Assyrian city-state, Assyria - Assyrian Empire, Assyria - Assyrian empire-building, Assyria - Second Assyrian Empire, Assyria - Sargonid dynasty, Assyria - Downfall and heritage

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The culture of Assyria, and still more of Babylonia, was essentially literary; we miss in it the artistic spirit of Egypt or Greece. In Babylonia the abundance of clay and lack of stone led to the use of brick; Babylonian temples are massive but shapeless structures of crude brick, supported by buttresses, the rain being carried off by drains, one of which at Ur was of lead. The use of brick led to the early development of the pilaster and column, and of frescoes and enamelled tiles. The walls were brilliantly coloured, and sometimes plated with bronze or gold, ...

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The city of Ashur (or Assur) on the Tigris was originally a colony of Akkad, and later became the first capital city of Assyria, to which it gave its name. It was the royal city of Assyria until the reign of Asurnasirpal II, who moved to Kalhu (Nimrud). After all, Assur kept being the religious capital of Assyria, with its temples of Ishtar and Assur. Ashur was conquered by the Babylonians in 614 B.C. Today the archaeological survey is directed by a German expedition. The United ...

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Assyriology is the historical and archaeological study of ancient Mesopotamia. The field covers not just Assyria but also that nation's eventual conqueror, Babylonia and the predecessor of both civilisations, Sumer. The large number of cuneiform clay tablets preserved by these cultures provide an enormous resource for the study of the period and the region's (and the world's) first cities such as Ur are archaeologically inva ...

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This article concerns the Assyrian people. For their ancient empire, see Assyria. United States and Canada:    300,000 (est.) CIS:    64,000 (est.) Europe:    93,000 (est.) Australia, New Zealand and Others:    150,000 (est.) Assyrians are a Syriac-speaking Semitic minority inhabiting northern Iraq, northeastern Syria, southeastern Turkey, and northwestern Iran, some of whom are also identified ...

Including:

• Assyrian people - Language
• Assyrian people - Neo-Aramaic Koine
• Assyrian people - Assyrians and Islam
• Assyrian people - Ottoman Assyrians
• Assyrian people - Late Ottoman massacres and other issues
• Assyrian people - Assyrian Diaspora
• Assyrian people - Assyrians in Iraq
• Assyrian people - Neo-Assyrian revival
• Assyrian people - Assyrian denominations

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The Chronology of the Ancient Near East deals with the notoriously difficult task of assigning dates to various events, rulers and dynasties of the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC. The chronology of this region is based on five sets of primary materials. They are, from the most recent to the earliest: The Canon of Kings from Ptolemy. An unbroken series of Neo-Assyrian king's names. Babylonian King Lists A and B, the Synchronistic Chronicle, the Assyrian King List, and a number of shorter lists of year na ...

Including:

• Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Primary sources
• Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Synchronisms between Assur and Babylon
• Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Synchronisms between Mesopotamia and Egypt
• Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Synchronisms between Mesopotamia and the Hittite Empire
• Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Babylon and Assyria
• Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Chronology and notes
• Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Divergent chronological views
• Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Notes

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The Babylonians were an ancient culture located in what is now Iraq. They had very advanced systems of writing, science and mathematics for their time. Most of what we have from the Babylonians was inscribed in cuneiform with a metal stylus on tablets of clay, called laterculae coctiles by Pliny the Elder; papyrus seems to have been also employed, but it has perished. There were libraries in most towns and temples; an old Sumerian proverb averred that "he who would excel in the school of the scribes must rise with the dawn." Wo ...

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• Babylonian literature - Reference

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An obelisk is a tall, thin, four-sided, tapering monument which ends in a pyramidal top. Ancient obelisks were made of a single piece of stone (a monolith). The term stela (plural stelae) is generally used for other monumental standing inscribed sculpted stones not of classic obelisk form. Obelisk - Ancient obelisks. Obelisk - Egyptian obelisks. In 1911, Encyclopædia Britannica wrote, "The earliest TEMPLE obelisk still in position is that of Senwosri I. of ...

Including:

• Obelisk - Ancient obelisks
• Obelisk - Egyptian obelisks
• Obelisk - Assyria
• Obelisk - Axumite obelisks
• Obelisk - Other ancient obelisks
• Obelisk - Modern obelisks
• Obelisk - Miscellaneous

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Babylonia, named for the city of Babylon, was an ancient state in Mesopotamia (in modern Iraq), combining the territories of Sumer and Akkad. Its capital was Babylon. The earliest mention of Babylon can be found in a tablet of the reign of Sargon of Akkad, dating back to the 23rd century BC. Babylonia - History. During the first centuries of the "Old Babylonian" period (that followed the Sumerian revival under Ur-III), kings and people in high position often had Amorite names, and supreme power rested at Is ...

Including:

• Babylonia - History
• Babylonia - Neo-Babylonian Empire
• Babylonia - Science and mathematics
• Babylonia - Literature
• Babylonia - Location

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Adad · Ashnan Asaruludu · Emesh Enbilulu · Enkimdu · Enten Ereshkigal · Kabta Lahar · Mushdamma Nammu · Nanshe · Nergal Nidaba · Ningal Ninisinna · Ninkasi Ninlil · Ninurta · Nusku Sumugan · Urshanabi Uttu · Annunaki Nusku was the name of the light and fire-god in Babylonia and Assyria, who is hardly to be distinguished, from a certain time ...

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Ashur (אַשּׁוּר), was the son of Shem, the son of Noah. Ashur's brothers were Elam, Aram, Arpachshad and Lud. The Hebrew text of Gen. 10:11 is somewhat ambiguous as to whether it was Ashur himself (eg. as reads the KJV), or Nimrod who built the cities of Nineveh, etc. in Assyria, since the name Ashur can refer to either the person or the country. Categories: Ancient Egypt | Assyria | Tanakh places ...

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Anamim is, according to the Bible, either a son of Ham's son Mizraim or the name of a people descending from him. The name should perhaps be attached to a people in northern Africa, probably in the surrounding area of Egypt. A text from Assyria, dating from the time of Sargon II, apparently calls the Egyptians "Anami". Other related archivesAfrica, Assyria, Bible, Egypt, Ham, Mizraim, Sargon II

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Ashur-etil-ilani was a king of Assyria (630 (or 627 - c.623 BC). He succeeded his father Ashurbanipal II. The reconstruction of the events occurring during his rulership has proven to be very difficult. One noteworthy problem is the complete absence of sources from central Assyria, and the lack of official recordings of the events (e.g. royal inscriptions). The most important source for this period is the "Nabopolassar Chronicle", which, ...

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Centuries: 8th century BC - 7th century BC - 6th century BC Decades: 670s BC 660s BC 650s BC 640s BC 630s BC - 620s BC - 610s BC 600s BC 590s BC 580s BC 570s BC 620s BC - Events and trends. 627 BC - Death of Assurbanipal, king of Assyria; he is succeeded by Assur-etel-ilani (approximate date) 626 BC - Nabopolassar revolts against Assyria, founds the Neo-Babylonian Empire. 625 BC - Medes and Babylonians assert their independence from Assyria and attack ...

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• 620s BC - Events and trends
• 620s BC - Significant people

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This entry incorporates text from the public domain Easton's Bible Dictionary, originally published in 1897. Adrammelech - Adar the king. (1.) An idol; a form of the sun-god worshipped by the inhabitants of Sepharvaim (2 Kings 17:31), and brought by the Sepharvite colonists into Samaria. (2.) A son of Sennacherib, king of Assyria (2 Kings 19:37; Isa. 37:38). See also the female version Anammelech. ...

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