After the Battle of Buxar, 1764, the Mughals as well as the Nawabs of Bengal lost effective control over the territories then constituting the province of Bengal, which currently comprises the Indian states of West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, as also some parts of Bangladesh. The East India Company was accorded the diwani rights, that is , the right to administer the collection and management of revenues of the province of Bengal, and parts of Oudh, currently comprising a large part of Uttar Pradesh. The diwani rights were legally granted by Shah Alam, who was the ...

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History of Patna, History of Patna - Prelude, History of Patna - The name, History of Patna - The Mauryas, History of Patna - The Guptas, History of Patna - The Sultanate, History of Patna - The Mughals, History of Patna - The Nawabs, History of Patna - The Company rule, History of Patna - The British Raj, History of Patna - Independence

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See Mahayana Sutras for a list of sutras categorised by source, without discussion. Buddhist texts - Perfection of Wisdom Texts. Deal with prajñā (wisdom or insight). Wisdom in this context means the ability to see Reality as it truly is. Do not contain an elaborate philosophical argument, but simply try to point to the true nature of reality, especially through the use of paradox. The basic premise is a radical non-dualism, in which every, and any dichotomist way of seeing things are denied: so p ...

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Buddhist texts, Buddhist texts - Canonical texts, Buddhist texts - Non-canonical texts, Buddhist texts - Texts of the Nikaya Schools, Buddhist texts - Vinaya, Buddhist texts - Sutta, Buddhist texts - Abhidharma, Buddhist texts - Non-canonical texts, Buddhist texts - Mahayana texts, Buddhist texts - Perfection of Wisdom Texts, Buddhist texts - Saddharma-pundarika, Buddhist texts - Pure Land Sutras, Buddhist texts - The Vimalakirti Nirdesha Sutra, Buddhist texts - Samadhi Sutras, Buddhist texts - Confession Sutras, Buddhist texts - The Avatamsaka Sutra, Buddhist texts - Third Turning Sutras, Buddhist texts - Tathagatagarbha class sutras, Buddhist texts - Collected Sutras, Buddhist texts - Transmigration Sutras, Buddhist texts - Discipline Sutras, Buddhist texts - Sutras Devoted to Individual Figures, Buddhist texts - Proto-Mahayana Sutras, Buddhist texts - Non-canonical texts, Buddhist texts - References, Buddhist texts - Vajrayana Texts, Buddhist texts - Buddhist tantras, Buddhist texts - Other products of the Vajrayana literature

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Patna, by its current name or any other name, finds no mention in the ancient Indian texts like the Vedas and the Puranas, or the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. The first references to the place is observed about 2500 years ago in Jain and Buddhist scriptures. Recorded history of the city begins in the year 490 BC when Ajatshatru, the king of Magadh, wanted to shift his capital from the hilly Rajgriha to a more strategically located place to combat the Lichivis of Vaishali. He chose a site on the bank of Ganges and fo ...

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History of Patna, History of Patna - Prelude, History of Patna - The name, History of Patna - The Mauryas, History of Patna - The Guptas, History of Patna - The Sultanate, History of Patna - The Mughals, History of Patna - The Nawabs, History of Patna - The Company rule, History of Patna - The British Raj, History of Patna - Independence

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With the disintegration of the Gupta empire, and continuous invasions of the Indian subcontinent by foreign armies, Patna passed through uncertain time like most of north India. During the 12th century, Muhammad of Ghori’s advancing forces captured Ghazni, Multan, Sindh, Lahore, and Delhi, and one of his generals Qutb-ud-din Aybak proclaimed himself Sultan of Delhi and established the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. By the mid-12th century, Ikhtiar Uddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiar Khilji, one of the generals of Qutb-ud-din Aybak, c ...

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History of Patna, History of Patna - Prelude, History of Patna - The name, History of Patna - The Mauryas, History of Patna - The Guptas, History of Patna - The Sultanate, History of Patna - The Mughals, History of Patna - The Nawabs, History of Patna - The Company rule, History of Patna - The British Raj, History of Patna - Independence

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The Mughal period was a period of unremarkable provincial administration from Delhi. The most remarkable period of these times was under Sher Shah, or Sher Shah Suri. Sher Shah Suri hailed from Sasaram, about 160 km south-west of Patna and revived Patna in the middle of the 16th century. On his return from one of the expeditions, while standing by the Ganga, he visualised a fort and a town. Sher Shah's fort in Patna does not survive, but the mosque built by Sher Shah in 1545 survives. It is built in Afghan archi ...

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History of Patna, History of Patna - Prelude, History of Patna - The name, History of Patna - The Mauryas, History of Patna - The Guptas, History of Patna - The Sultanate, History of Patna - The Mughals, History of Patna - The Nawabs, History of Patna - The Company rule, History of Patna - The British Raj, History of Patna - Independence

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In the last century, several Indian writers have distinguished themselves not only in traditional Indian languages but also in English. India's only Nobel laureate in literature was the Bengali writer Rabindranath Tagore. Other major writers who are either Indian or of Indian origin and derive much inspiration from Indian themes are R. K. Narayan, Vikram Seth, Salman Rushdie, Arundhati Roy, Raja Rao, Amitav Ghosh, Vikram Chandra, M ...

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Indian literature, Indian literature - Sanskrit literature, Indian literature - Prakrit Literature, Indian literature - Tamil literature, Indian literature - Kannada literature, Indian literature - Hindi literature, Indian literature - Urdu literature, Indian literature - Bihari Literature, Indian literature - Bengali literature, Indian literature - Marathi literature, Indian literature - Malayalam literature, Indian literature - Indian writing in English, Indian literature - Indian literature in other languages, Indian literature - Awards

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Non or semi-canonical texts have been important from very early in Buddhism. Extensive commentaries exist in Pali for the Pali Canon and in Tibetan, Chinese and other East Asian Languages. Important examples of non-canonical texts are the Visuddhimagga, or Path of Purification, by Buddhaghosa, which is a compendium of Theravada teachings that include quotes from the Pali Canon. The Milinda Pañha, or Questions of Milinda, is a popular condensation of the Dharma in the form of a dialogue between the Buddhist sage Nāga ...

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Buddhist texts, Buddhist texts - Canonical texts, Buddhist texts - Non-canonical texts, Buddhist texts - Texts of the Nikaya Schools, Buddhist texts - Vinaya, Buddhist texts - Sutta, Buddhist texts - Abhidharma, Buddhist texts - Non-canonical texts, Buddhist texts - Mahayana texts, Buddhist texts - Perfection of Wisdom Texts, Buddhist texts - Saddharma-pundarika, Buddhist texts - Pure Land Sutras, Buddhist texts - The Vimalakirti Nirdesha Sutra, Buddhist texts - Samadhi Sutras, Buddhist texts - Confession Sutras, Buddhist texts - The Avatamsaka Sutra, Buddhist texts - Third Turning Sutras, Buddhist texts - Tathagatagarbha class sutras, Buddhist texts - Collected Sutras, Buddhist texts - Transmigration Sutras, Buddhist texts - Discipline Sutras, Buddhist texts - Sutras Devoted to Individual Figures, Buddhist texts - Proto-Mahayana Sutras, Buddhist texts - Non-canonical texts, Buddhist texts - References, Buddhist texts - Vajrayana Texts, Buddhist texts - Buddhist tantras, Buddhist texts - Other products of the Vajrayana literature

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Under the British Raj, Patna gradually started to attain its lost glory and emerged as an important and strategic centre of learning and trade in India. When the Bengal Presidency was partitioned in 1912 to carve out a separate province, Patna was made the capital of the new province of Bihâr and Orissa. The city limits were stretched westwards to accommodate the administrative base, and the township of Bankipore took shape along the Bailey Raod (originally spelt as Bayley Road, after the first Lt. Governor, Charles Stuart Bayley ...

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History of Patna, History of Patna - Prelude, History of Patna - The name, History of Patna - The Mauryas, History of Patna - The Guptas, History of Patna - The Sultanate, History of Patna - The Mughals, History of Patna - The Nawabs, History of Patna - The Company rule, History of Patna - The British Raj, History of Patna - Independence

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These are, in some way or other, texts associated with Gautama, the historical Buddha. Different schools, however, are not always in agreement about which texts are canonical, and the various recensions of the Buddhist Canon contain widely varying numbers and types of texts. Broadly speaking, the texts come in three types: sutras (i.e. discourses), vinaya (relating to the rules of monastic discipline), and abhidharma (analytical texts). Together these three make up what is known in Sanskrit as the Tripitaka and in Pali as the Tipitaka. Both ...

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Buddhist texts, Buddhist texts - Canonical texts, Buddhist texts - Non-canonical texts, Buddhist texts - Texts of the Nikaya Schools, Buddhist texts - Vinaya, Buddhist texts - Sutta, Buddhist texts - Abhidharma, Buddhist texts - Non-canonical texts, Buddhist texts - Mahayana texts, Buddhist texts - Perfection of Wisdom Texts, Buddhist texts - Saddharma-pundarika, Buddhist texts - Pure Land Sutras, Buddhist texts - The Vimalakirti Nirdesha Sutra, Buddhist texts - Samadhi Sutras, Buddhist texts - Confession Sutras, Buddhist texts - The Avatamsaka Sutra, Buddhist texts - Third Turning Sutras, Buddhist texts - Tathagatagarbha class sutras, Buddhist texts - Collected Sutras, Buddhist texts - Transmigration Sutras, Buddhist texts - Discipline Sutras, Buddhist texts - Sutras Devoted to Individual Figures, Buddhist texts - Proto-Mahayana Sutras, Buddhist texts - Non-canonical texts, Buddhist texts - References, Buddhist texts - Vajrayana Texts, Buddhist texts - Buddhist tantras, Buddhist texts - Other products of the Vajrayana literature

Read more here: » Buddhist texts: Encyclopedia II - Buddhist texts - Canonical texts

Buddhist texts - Buddhist tantras. The canon of the Vajrayana schools includes a number of Nikaya-related texts from a number of the schools, as well as Mahayana sutras. However it is the specifically Vajrayana texts that most strongly characterise it. They are considered to be the word of the Buddha, and the Tibetan Canon contains translations of almost 500 tantras and over 2000 commentaries to them. The texts are typically concerned with elaborate rituals and meditations. A late Tibetan t ...

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Buddhist texts, Buddhist texts - Canonical texts, Buddhist texts - Non-canonical texts, Buddhist texts - Texts of the Nikaya Schools, Buddhist texts - Vinaya, Buddhist texts - Sutta, Buddhist texts - Abhidharma, Buddhist texts - Non-canonical texts, Buddhist texts - Mahayana texts, Buddhist texts - Perfection of Wisdom Texts, Buddhist texts - Saddharma-pundarika, Buddhist texts - Pure Land Sutras, Buddhist texts - The Vimalakirti Nirdesha Sutra, Buddhist texts - Samadhi Sutras, Buddhist texts - Confession Sutras, Buddhist texts - The Avatamsaka Sutra, Buddhist texts - Third Turning Sutras, Buddhist texts - Tathagatagarbha class sutras, Buddhist texts - Collected Sutras, Buddhist texts - Transmigration Sutras, Buddhist texts - Discipline Sutras, Buddhist texts - Sutras Devoted to Individual Figures, Buddhist texts - Proto-Mahayana Sutras, Buddhist texts - Non-canonical texts, Buddhist texts - References, Buddhist texts - Vajrayana Texts, Buddhist texts - Buddhist tantras, Buddhist texts - Other products of the Vajrayana literature

Read more here: » Buddhist texts: Encyclopedia II - Buddhist texts - Vajrayana Texts

There is some dispute over what to call the more conservative stratum of Buddhist schools and the texts associated with them. The most widely used term is Hinayana, but this is often seen as unsatisfactory for several reasons (see Hinayana). This article will use the phrase "Nikaya schools", which refers to the class of sutras they consider to be canonical. These sutras are sometimes referred to by members of other schools as nikayas or agamas. Although many versions of the Nikaya school texts were written in Sanskrit, the only comple ...

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Buddhist texts, Buddhist texts - Canonical texts, Buddhist texts - Non-canonical texts, Buddhist texts - Texts of the Nikaya Schools, Buddhist texts - Vinaya, Buddhist texts - Sutta, Buddhist texts - Abhidharma, Buddhist texts - Non-canonical texts, Buddhist texts - Mahayana texts, Buddhist texts - Perfection of Wisdom Texts, Buddhist texts - Saddharma-pundarika, Buddhist texts - Pure Land Sutras, Buddhist texts - The Vimalakirti Nirdesha Sutra, Buddhist texts - Samadhi Sutras, Buddhist texts - Confession Sutras, Buddhist texts - The Avatamsaka Sutra, Buddhist texts - Third Turning Sutras, Buddhist texts - Tathagatagarbha class sutras, Buddhist texts - Collected Sutras, Buddhist texts - Transmigration Sutras, Buddhist texts - Discipline Sutras, Buddhist texts - Sutras Devoted to Individual Figures, Buddhist texts - Proto-Mahayana Sutras, Buddhist texts - Non-canonical texts, Buddhist texts - References, Buddhist texts - Vajrayana Texts, Buddhist texts - Buddhist tantras, Buddhist texts - Other products of the Vajrayana literature

Read more here: » Buddhist texts: Encyclopedia II - Buddhist texts - Texts of the Nikaya Schools

Buddhism spread slowly in India until the powerful Mauryan emperor Ashoka converted to it and actively supported it. His promotion led to construction of Buddhist religious sites and missionary efforts that spread the faith into the countries listed at the beginning of the article. From the 1st century BCE Buddhism started to emerge, receiving influences "from popular Hindu devotional cults (bhakti), Persian and Greco-Roman theologies which filtered into India from the northwest" (Tom Lowenstein, p63). Some of these influences appear on the artistic plane with the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara. Mahayan ...

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Buddhism, Buddhism - What is a Buddha?, Buddhism - Origins, Buddhism - Principles of Buddhism, Buddhism - The Three Marks of Existence, Buddhism - The Four Noble Truths, Buddhism - The Noble Eightfold Path, Buddhism - Practices of Buddhism, Buddhism - Refuge in The Three Jewels, Buddhism - The Five Precepts, Buddhism - Meditation, Buddhism - Buddha-dhatu Buddha-Principle Buddha-nature, Buddhism - Other principles and practices, Buddhism - Vegetarianism, Buddhism - Buddhist religious philosophy and branches, Buddhism - Buddhism after the Buddha, Buddhism - Principal schools of Buddhist philosophy, Buddhism - Scriptures, Buddhism - Relations with other Eastern faiths, Buddhism - Buddhism in the modern world, Buddhism - Buddhism and the West, Buddhism - Buddhism, Buddhism - Related systems and religions, Buddhism - References and Links, Buddhism - References, Buddhism - Footnotes, Buddhism - External links

Read more here: » Buddhism: Encyclopedia II - Buddhism - Buddhism after the Buddha

This is a sitemap for topic pages related to Hinduism. Click on a link and you will find multiple articles related to the topic:

Hinduism Dictionary - A

Aadheenam, Abhasa, Abhaya, Abhinavagupta, Abhisheka, Abhor, Abide, Abjuration, Ablution, Abode, Abortion, Absolute, Absolution, Absorption, Abstain, Abyss, Accelerate, Accordant, Achara, Acharya, Acosmic pantheism, Actinic, Actinodic, Adept, Adharma, Adharma, Adhere, Adhyatma, Adhyatma prasara, Adhyatma vikasa, Adi Granth, Adinatha, Adinatha Sampradaya, Adisaiva, Adopt, Adore, Adorn, Adrishta, Adulate, Adultery, Advaita, Advaita Ishvaravada, Advaita Ishvaravadin, Advaita Siddhanta, Advaita Vedanta, Adversity, Advocate, Affirmation, Affirmation of faith, Aftermath, Agama, Agastya, Aghora, Aghorasiva, Aghori, Agni, Agnihotra, Agnikaraka, Aham Brahmasmi, Ahamkara, Ahimsa, Aikya, Aitareya Brahmana, Aitareya Upanishad, Ajita Agama, Ajna chakra, Akasha, Akshata, Allama Prabhu, Allegory, All-pervasive, Aloof, Altruistic, Alvar, Amardaka Order, Ambika, Amid, Amman, Amorphous, Amrita, Amritatman, Analogy, Analytical, Ananda, Ananda tandava, Anandamaya kosha, Anandamaya kosha, Anandamaya kosha, Anava mala, Anavopaya, Anbe Sivamayam Satyame Parasivam, Anchorite, Ancillary, Andal, Andhra Pradesh, Anekavada, Anekavadin, Anga, Aniconic, Animate-inanimate, Animism, Anjali mudra, Ankusha, Annamaya kosha, Annamaya kosha, Annaprashana, Annihilate, Antagonism, Antahkarana, Antarloka, Antarloka, Anthology, Antyavachanam, Antyeshti, Anu, Anubhava, Anugraha, Anugraha shakti, Anukramanika, Anupaya, Anxiety, Apad dharma, Apasmarapurusha, Apatya, Apex, Apex of creation, Appar, Apparent, Appaya Dikshita, Apprehend, Aranyaka, Arati, Arbhuta Tiru Antadi, Archana, Ardhanari Nateshvara Stotram, Ardhanarishvara, Ardra Darshana, Arduous, Arena, Aristotle, Arjava, Arjuna, Artha, Arthaveda, Arunagirinathar, Aruneya Upanishad, Aryaman, Asana, Ascent, Ascetic, Asceticism, Ash, Ashrama, Ashrama dharma, Ashrama dharma, Ashtanga pranama, Ashtavaranam, Ashuddha tattvas, Ashvaghosha, Ashvin, Assam, Assuage, Asteya, Astikya, Astral body, Astral plane, Astrology, Asura, Atala, Atattva, Atha, Atharva Veda, Atharvashikha Upanishad, Atheism, Atman, Atmartha puja, Atmasvarupa, Atmosphere, Attainment, Attitude, Augural, Aum, Aura, Auspicious, Austerity, Authenticity, Authority, Auvaiyar, Avantivarman, Avatara, Avidya, Awareness, Axiom, Axis, Ayurveda, Ayurveda vaidya, Ayyappan

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Hinduism Dictionary - A-Z, Hinduism Dictionary - A, Hinduism Dictionary - B,  Hinduism Dictionary - C , Hinduism Dictionary - D, Hinduism Dictionary - E,  Hinduism Dictionary - F , Hinduism Dictionary - G, Hinduism Dictionary - H, Hinduism Dictionary - I , Hinduism Dictionary - J, Hinduism Dictionary - K,  Hinduism Dictionary - L , Hinduism Dictionary - M, Hinduism Dictionary - N,  Hinduism Dictionary - O , Hinduism Dictionary - P, Hinduism Dictionary - Q,  Hinduism Dictionary - R , Hinduism Dictionary - S, Hinduism Dictionary - T,  Hinduism Dictionary - U , Hinduism Dictionary - V, Hinduism Dictionary - W,  Hinduism Dictionary - X , Hinduism Dictionary - Y, Hinduism Dictionary - Z,

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Hinduism Dictionary , Buddhism Dictionary, Spiritual Dictionary, Sanskrit Dictionary , Parapsychology Dictionary, Paganism Dictionary,  Mysticism Dictionary , Theosophy Dictionary , Alternative Health Dictionary ,

Read more here: » Hindu Hinduism Sitemap I - A