Ashur (אַשּׁוּר), was the son of Shem, the son of Noah. Ashur's brothers were Elam, Aram, Arpachshad and Lud. The Hebrew text of Gen. 10:11 is somewhat ambiguous as to whether it was Ashur himself (eg. as reads the KJV), or Nimrod who built the cities of Nineveh, etc. in Assyria, since the name Ashur can refer to either the person or the country. Categories: Ancient Egypt | Assyria | Tanakh places ...

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Read more here: » Ashur-etil-ilani: Encyclopedia - Ashur-etil-ilani

These letters, consisting of cuneiform tablets mostly written in Akkadian, the language of diplomacy for this period, were first discovered by local Egyptians around 1887, who secretly dug most of them from the ruined city and sold them on the antiquities market. Once the location where they were found was determined, the ruins were explored for more. The first archeologist who successfully recovered more tablets was William Flinders Petrie in 1891-92, who found 21 fragments. Émile Chassinat, then director of the French Institute for Orient ...

See also:

Amarna letters, Amarna letters - The Letters, Amarna letters - Chronology, Amarna letters - Bibliography, Amarna letters - Translations, Amarna letters - Research and Analysis

Read more here: » Amarna letters: Encyclopedia II - Amarna letters - The Letters

The Amarna letters is the name popularly given to an archive of correspondence, mostly diplomatic, found at Amarna, the modern name for the capital of the Egyptian New Kingdom primarily from the reign of pharaoh Amenhotep IV, better known as Akhenaten (1369 - 1353 BCE). The Amarna letters are unusual in Egyptological research, being mostly written in Akkadian cuneiform on clay tablets. The known tablets currently total 382 in number, 24 further tablets having been recovered since the Norwegian Assyriologist Jørgen Alexander Knudtzon' ...

Including:

• Amarna letters - The Letters
• Amarna letters - Chronology
• Amarna letters - Bibliography
• Amarna letters - Translations
• Amarna letters - Research and Analysis

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The city of Ashur (or Assur) on the Tigris was originally a colony of Akkad, and later became the first capital city of Assyria, to which it gave its name. It was the royal city of Assyria until the reign of Asurnasirpal II, who moved to Kalhu (Nimrud). After all, Assur kept being the religious capital of Assyria, with its temples of Ishtar and Assur. Ashur was conquered by the Babylonians in 614 B.C. Today the archaeological survey is directed by a German expedition. The United ...

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4 primary: An Enlil Ki Enki 3 sky: Ishtar Sin Sama In Akkadian mythology and Sumerian mythology, Anshar (also Anshur, Ashur, Asshur) is the sky god. He is the husband of his sister Kishar; they are the children of Lahmu and Lahamu, and the parents of Anu and Ea (and, in some traditions, Enlil). He is sometimes depicted as having Ninlil as a consort. As Anshar, he is progenitor of the Akkadian pantheon; as As ...

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Centuries: 9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC Decades: 800s BC 790s BC 780s BC 770s BC 760s BC - 750s BC - 740s BC 730s BC 720s BC 710s BC 700s BC 750s BC - Events and trends. 756 BC - Founding of Cyzicus. 755 BC - Ashur-nirari V succeeds Ashur-Dan III as king of Assyria 755 BC - Aeschylus, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 23 years and is succeeded by Alcmaeon. 753 BC - Alcmaeon, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 2 years. He is re ...

Including:

• 750s BC - Events and trends
• 750s BC - Significant people

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Assyria in earliest historical times referred to a region on the Upper Tigris river, named for its original capital, the ancient city of Ashur. Later, as a nation and Empire, it also came to include roughly the northern half of Mesopotamia (the southern half being Babylonia). Assyria proper was located in a mountainous region, extending along the Tigris as far as the high Gordiaean or Carduchian mountain range of Armenia, sometimes called the "Mountains of Ashur". Assyria - Early history. Of the earl ...

Including:

• Assyria - Early history
• Assyria - Old Assyrian city-state
• Assyria - Assyrian Empire
• Assyria - Assyrian empire-building
• Assyria - Sargonid dynasty
• Assyria - Downfall and heritage

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Nimrud is an ancient Assyrian city located south of Nineveh on the river Tigris. The ancient city covered an area of around 16 square miles. Ruins of the city are found in modern day Iraq, some 30 km southeast of Mosul. The Arabs called the city Nimrud after Nimrod, a legendary Assyrian hunting hero, the father of the Assyrian founder Ashur (Assur). Nimrud has been identified as the site of the biblical city of Calah or Kalakh [kä'läkh]. It was founded by Assyrian king Shalmaneser I in the 13th century BC a ...

Including:

• Nimrud - Archaeology

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Centuries: 11th century BC - 10th century BC - 9th century BC Decades: 960s BC 950s BC 940s BC 930s BC 920s BC - 910s BC - 900s BC 890s BC 880s BC 870s BC 860s BC 910s BC - Events and trends. 912 BC - Adad-nirari II succeeds his father Ashur-Dan II as king of Assyria. 911 BC - Abijah, king of Judah, dies. 910 BC - Death of Zhou yi wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. 910s BC - Significant people. Ca ...

Including:

• 910s BC - Events and trends
• 910s BC - Significant people

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Centuries: 8th century BC - 7th century BC - 6th century BC Decades: 650s BC 640s BC 630s BC 620s BC 610s BC - 600s BC - 590s BC 580s BC 570s BC 560s BC 550s BC 600s BC - Events and trends. Fall of the Assyrian Empire and Rise of Babylon 609 BC - King Josiah of Judah dies in the Battle of Megiddo against Pharaoh Necho II of Egypt, who is on his way north to aid the rump Assyrian state of Ashur-uballit II. 609 BC - The Babylonians defeat the Assyrian army of Ashu ...

Including:

• 600s BC - Events and trends
• 600s BC - Significant people

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Of the early history of the kingdom of Assyria, little is positively known. According to some Judeo-Christian traditions, the city of Ashur (Aŝŝur) was founded by Ashur the son of Shem, who was deified by later generations as the city's patron god. Besides Ashur, the other three royal Assyrian cities were Calah (Nimrud), Khorsabad, and Nineveh. This region seems to have been ruled from Sumer, Akkad, and northern Babylonia in its earliest stages, being part of Sargon the Great's empire. Destroyed by barbarians in the Gutian pe ...

See also:

Assyria, Assyria - Early history, Assyria - Old Assyrian city-state, Assyria - Assyrian Empire, Assyria - Assyrian empire-building, Assyria - Sargonid dynasty, Assyria - Downfall and heritage

Read more here: » Assyria: Encyclopedia II - Assyria - Early history

Of the early history of the kingdom of Assyria, little is positively known. According to some Judeo-Christian traditions, the city of Ashur (also spelled Assur or Aššur) was founded by Ashur the son of Shem, who was deified by later generations as the city's patron god. Besides Ashur, the other three royal Assyrian cities were Calah (Nimrud), Khorsabad, and Nineveh. This region seems to have been ruled from Sumer, Akkad, and northern Babylonia in its earliest stages, being part of Sargon the Great's empire. Destroyed by barba ...

See also:

Assyria, Assyria - Early history, Assyria - Old Assyrian city-state, Assyria - Assyrian Empire, Assyria - Assyrian empire-building, Assyria - Second Assyrian Empire, Assyria - Sargonid dynasty, Assyria - Downfall and heritage

Read more here: » Assyria: Encyclopedia II - Assyria - Early history

The city-state of Ashur had extensive contact with cities on the Anatolian plateau. The Assyrians established "merchant colonies" in Cappadocia, e.g., at Kanesh (modern Kültepe) circa 1920 BC–1840 BC and 1798 BC–1740 BC. These colonies, called karum, the Akkadian word for 'port', were attached to Anatolian cities, but physically separate, and had special tax status. They must have arisen from a long tradition of trade between Ashur and the Anatolian cities; but no archaeological or written records show this. The trade cons ...

See also:

Assyria, Assyria - Early history, Assyria - Old Assyrian city-state, Assyria - Assyrian Empire, Assyria - Assyrian empire-building, Assyria - Sargonid dynasty, Assyria - Downfall and heritage

Read more here: » Assyria: Encyclopedia II - Assyria - Old Assyrian city-state

The city-state of Ashur had extensive contact with cities on the Anatolian plateau. The Assyrians established "merchant colonies" in Cappadocia, e.g., at Kanesh (modern Kültepe) circa 1920 BC–1840 BC and 1798 BC–1740 BC. These colonies, called karum, the Akkadian word for 'port', were attached to Anatolian cities, but physically separate, and had special tax status. They must have arisen from a long tradition of trade between Ashur and the Anatolian cities; but no archaeological or written records show this. The trade cons ...

See also:

Assyria, Assyria - Early history, Assyria - Old Assyrian city-state, Assyria - Assyrian Empire, Assyria - Assyrian empire-building, Assyria - Second Assyrian Empire, Assyria - Sargonid dynasty, Assyria - Downfall and heritage

Read more here: » Assyria: Encyclopedia II - Assyria - Old Assyrian city-state

Before 2000 BC a settlement of the apparently indigenous Hatti people was established on sites that had been occupied even earlier. The earliest traces of settlement on the site is from the Sixth Millennium BC. In the 19th and 18th centuries BC, merchants from Ashur in Assyria established a trading post here, setting up in their own separate quarter of the city. The center of their trade network was located in Kanesh (Nesha), the archaeological site known as Kültepe near Kayseri. Business dealings required record-keeping: the trade network from Ashur int ...

See also:

Hattusa, Hattusa - The surroundings, Hattusa - Early history of the city, Hattusa - The Hittite Imperial City, Hattusa - Discovery of the city, Hattusa - Bibliography

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Urartu - Origins. Assyrian inscriptions of Shalmaneser I (ca. 1270 BC) first mention a loose confederation called the Uruartri or Nairi in North-East Anatolia, in the region around Lake Van. They were repeatedly subjected to attacks by the Assyrians, especially under Tukulti-Ninurta I (ca. 1240 BC), Tiglath-Pileser I (ca. 1100 BC), Ashur-bel-kala (ca. 1070 BC), Adad-nirari II (ca. 900), Tukulti-Ninurta II (ca. 890), and Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 BC). These towns or tribes became a unified kingdom under king Aramu (ca. 860-843 BC), whose capital at Arzashkun was captured by Shalmaneser III. See also:

Urartu, Urartu - Name, Urartu - History, Urartu - Origins, Urartu - Main period, Urartu - Decadence, Urartu - Arcaheological rediscovery, Urartu - Economy and politics, Urartu - Language, Urartu - The Urartian legacy, Urartu - Literature

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The chronology of this region is based on five sets of primary materials. They are, from the most recent to the earliest: 1. The Canon of Ptolemy. This is a list of the kings of Babylon and the Persian Empire, from Nabonassar down to Alexander the Great, which Claudius Ptolemy added to one of his books because of the astronomical observations connected with this information. 2. An unbroken series of Neo-Assyrian king names ranging from Ashur-uballit II (died in 609) up to Adad-nirari II (ascended in 911). These years, all named ...

See also:

Chronology of the Ancient Near East, Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Primary sources, Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Synchronisms between Assur and Babylon, Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Synchronisms between Mesopotamia and Egypt, Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Synchronisms between Mesopotamia and the Hittite Empire, Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Babylon and Assyria, Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Chronology and notes, Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Divergent chronological views, Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Notes

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Assur (Chaldean or Assyrian) (from a-shir leader)

Also Asur, Ashur. Originally the titular deity of an ancient Assyrian city of learning on the Tigris, but with the rise of the Assyrian Empire his prominence was extended so that he became one of the foremost gods of the Assyrian pantheon. The title Asir was also given to other important deities such as Marduk and Nebo.

Like Marduk, Assur was first recognized as a solar deity and represented in symbol with the adjunct of the winged disk; but later he became a god of war, so that the winged disk took a minor place under the figure of a man with a bow. Assur remained the chief deity even when the Assyrian capital was moved to Nineveh about the 8th century BC, although he was obliged to share this honor with Ishtar, then regarded as his consort, until the fall of the Assyrian Empire (606 BC).

(See also: Assur, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Gods Enlil and 7 who decree fate Ishtar and planet Venus Tiamat and Tablets of Destiny Annunaki and astronauts Marduk and Babylon Heroes Utnapishtim and world-flood Tammuz and new life Gilgamesh and Cedar Forest Enkidu, the man-beast Monsters Zu, the lion-eagle Kingu, mankind's blood R ...

Including:

• Mesopotamian mythology - What Deities did they worship?
• Mesopotamian mythology - The Primary Deities for each phase of Mesopotamian Religion
• Mesopotamian mythology - The Three Sky Deities
• Mesopotamian mythology - Sources

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