ascenders

In typography, leading (IPA [ˈlɛdɪŋ], rhymes with heading) refers to the amount of added space between lines of type. When type was set by hand for printing presses, printers placed slugs—strips of lead of various thicknesses—between lines of type to add space. It is generally considered that text set solid, like this paragraph, appears a little cramped, with ascenders touching descenders from the previous line. A leading of 20% of the fo ...

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Cursive is any style of handwriting in which all the letters in a word are connected, making a word one single (complicated) stroke. In British English, the phrase "joined-up writing" is far more commonly used, while the term "running writing" is sometimes used in Australia. Cursive is considered distinct from the so-called "printing" or "block letter" style of handwriting, in which the letters of a word are unconnected, and from "print-writing", which is a cross between cursive and printing, with some unconnected letter ...

Including:

• Cursive - History
• Cursive - Description
• Cursive - Victorian Modern Cursive

Read more here: » Cursive: Encyclopedia - Cursive

Blackletter (also known as Gothic script, not to be confused with the Gothic alphabet) was a script used throughout Western Europe from approximately 1150 to 1500. It continued to be used for the German language until the 20th century. Fraktur is a notable script of this type, and sometimes the entire group of faces are known as fraktur. Blackletter - Origins. Carolingian minuscule was the direct and linear ancestor of blackletter. Blackletter developed from Carolingian as an increasing ...

Including:

• Blackletter - Origins
• Blackletter - The name Gothic script
• Blackletter - Forms of blackletter
• Blackletter - Textualis
• Blackletter - Cursiva
• Blackletter - Hybrida
• Blackletter - National forms
• Blackletter - France
• Blackletter - England
• Blackletter - Italy
• Blackletter - Germany

Read more here: » Blackletter: Encyclopedia - Blackletter

Capital letters or majuscules (in the Roman alphabet: A, B, C, ...) are one type of case in a writing system. Capital letters (also simply called capitals or caps) are also known as upper case; manual typesetters kept them in the upper drawers of a desk, keeping the more frequent minuscule letters on the lower shelf. This practice may date back to Johann Gutenberg. Some languages make no distinction between capital and lowercase letters. Latin, for one, was originally written usi ...

Including:

• Capital letters - Usage
• Capital letters - Other meanings
• Capital letters - External link

Read more here: » Capital letters: Encyclopedia - Capital letters

In alphabets with a case distinction, capitals are used for: Capitalization, Acronyms, Better legibility, for example on signs and in labeling, and Emphasis in some languages. Capital letters are sometimes used for typographical emphasis in Internet text in place of bolding or italicizing. However, long spans of text in all uppercase are harder to read because of the absence of ascenders and descenders found in lowercase letters, which can aid recognition. In printed material where acrony ...

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Capital letters, Capital letters - Usage, Capital letters - Other meanings, Capital letters - External link

Read more here: » Capital letters: Encyclopedia II - Capital letters - Usage

In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, before the development of the typewriter, professional correspondence was written in cursive. This was called a "fair hand", meaning it looked good, and clerks were trained to imitate the exact handwriting of the firm. They were paid by the length of writing on the page, so they preferred variant spellings that had more letters in them. This percolated into the official spelling of French. In the early days of the post office, letters were written in cursive -- and to fit more text on a single sheet, the text was continued in lines crossing at 90-degrees from the original tex ...

See also:

Cursive, Cursive - History, Cursive - Description, Cursive - Victorian Modern Cursive

Read more here: » Cursive: Encyclopedia II - Cursive - History

In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, before the development of the typewriter, professional correspondence was written in cursive. This was called a "fair hand", meaning it looked good, and clerks were trained to imitate the exact handwriting of the firm. In the early days of the post office, letters were written in cursive -- and to fit more text on a single sheet, the text was continued in lines crossing at 90-degrees from the original tex ...

See also:

Cursive, Cursive - History, Cursive - Description, Cursive - Victorian Modern Cursive

Read more here: » Cursive: Encyclopedia II - Cursive - History

In alphabets with a case distinction, capitals are used for: Capitalization, Acronyms, Better legibility, for example on signs and in labeling, and Emphasis in some languages. Capital letters are sometimes used for typographical emphasis in Internet text in place of bolding or italicizing. However, long spans of text in all uppercase are harder to read because of the absence of ascenders and descenders found in lowercase letters, which can aid recognition. In printed material where acrony ...

See also:

Capital letters, Capital letters - Usage, Capital letters - Other meanings

Read more here: » Capital letters: Encyclopedia II - Capital letters - Usage

Blackletter - France. French blackletter was the earliest form of blackletter to develop, in the 11th and 12th centuries. French textualis was tall and narrow compared to other national forms, and was most fully developed in the late 13th century in Paris. In the 13th century there was also an extremely small version of textualis used to write miniature Bibles, known as "pearl script." Another form of French textualis in this century was the script developed at the University of Paris, littera parisiensis, which is also small in size and designed to be ...

See also:

Blackletter, Blackletter - Origins, Blackletter - The name Gothic script, Blackletter - Forms of blackletter, Blackletter - Textualis, Blackletter - Cursiva, Blackletter - Hybrida, Blackletter - National forms, Blackletter - France, Blackletter - England, Blackletter - Italy, Blackletter - Germany

Read more here: » Blackletter: Encyclopedia II - Blackletter - National forms

Victorian Modern Cursive was developed as a writing form to be taught in primary schools in the Australian state of Victoria, and first used in 1985. In addition to Victoria, it is used in Western Australia and to some extent in the rest of Australia. The most traditional of about six writing forms, specialized for either the left or right hand, it is based on French cursive handwriting, and therefore features a "p" and "b" with open bowls such that the letters look like "n" with a descender and "v" with an ascender, respectively, as well as ...

See also:

Cursive, Cursive - History, Cursive - Description, Cursive - Victorian Modern Cursive

Read more here: » Cursive: Encyclopedia II - Cursive - Victorian Modern Cursive

The term Gothic was first used to describe this script in 15th century Italy, in the midst of the Renaissance, because Renaissance Humanists believed it was a barbaric script (Gothic was a synonym for barbaric). Flavio Biondo, in Italia Illustrata (1531) thought it was invented by the Lombards after their invasion of Italy in the 6th century. Not only the blackletter were called Gothic script, but any other seemingly barbarian script, such as Visigothic, Beneventan, and Merovingian, were also labelled "Goth ...

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Blackletter, Blackletter - Origins, Blackletter - The name Gothic script, Blackletter - Forms of blackletter, Blackletter - Textualis, Blackletter - Cursiva, Blackletter - Hybrida, Blackletter - National forms, Blackletter - France, Blackletter - England, Blackletter - Italy, Blackletter - Germany

Read more here: » Blackletter: Encyclopedia II - Blackletter - The name Gothic script

Blackletter - Textualis. Textualis, also known as textura or Gothic bookhand, was the most calligraphic form of blackletter, and today is the form most associated with "Gothic". Johannes Gutenberg carved a textualis typeface — including a large number of ligatures and common abbreviations — when he printed his 42-line Bible, According to Dutch scholar Gerard Lieftinck, the height of blackletter was the 14th and 15th centuries. For Lieftinck, the highest form of textualis was ...

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Blackletter, Blackletter - Origins, Blackletter - The name Gothic script, Blackletter - Forms of blackletter, Blackletter - Textualis, Blackletter - Cursiva, Blackletter - Hybrida, Blackletter - National forms, Blackletter - France, Blackletter - England, Blackletter - Italy, Blackletter - Germany

Read more here: » Blackletter: Encyclopedia II - Blackletter - Forms of blackletter

Most of the lower case letters of cursive correspond quite directly to those seen on the printed or typewritten page, particularly with italic fonts, although neither cursive nor block letters commonly use the hooked "a" or double-bowled "g". The exact letterforms differ in style. In some cursive forms, the "f" is written using two loops instead of a crossbar. Some styles, notably the French, leave the "p" open at the bottom, like an "n". The letter "r" in cursive, however, derives from the medieval "half r", and the "z" has a tail, also fro ...

See also:

Cursive, Cursive - History, Cursive - Description, Cursive - Victorian Modern Cursive

Read more here: » Cursive: Encyclopedia II - Cursive - Description