Aryeh Kaplan - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Aryeh Kaplan: Encyclopedia - Aryeh Kaplan
Aryeh Kaplan (1934 - 1983) was a noted rabbi and author, who had a background in both physics and Judaism. He is widely viewed as a proli...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aryeh Kaplan: Encyclopedia Ii - Aryeh Kaplan - Biography
Rabbi Kaplan was born in the Bronx, New York City, and studied in the Torah Voda'as and Mir Yeshivot in Brooklyn. He then studied at Mir ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Creationism: Encyclopedia - Creationism
This article is about the Abrahamic belief; creationism can also refer to origin beliefs in general or, centuries earlier, to an alternat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Documentary Hypothesis: Encyclopedia - Documentary Hypothesis
The documentary hypothesis is a hypothesis proposed by many historians and academics in the field of linguistics and source criticism tha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Baal Teshuva: Encyclopedia - Baal Teshuva
Baal teshuva (or baal teshuvah) (Hebrew: "master of repentance") or chozer bi-teshuva ("one who returns in repentance") refers to a Jew (...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - English Translations Of The Bible: Encyclopedia - English Translations Of The Bible
The efforts of translating the Bible from its original languages into over 2,000 others have spanned more than two millennia. Partial tra...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Divine Simplicity: Encyclopedia - Divine Simplicity
In theology, the doctrine of divine simplicity says that God is without parts. Divine simplicity - In Christian thought. In Christian t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bahir: Encyclopedia - Bahir
The Bahir (Hebrew for "Illumination") is a pseudepigraphic mystical work attributed to Nehunya ben ha-Kanah, a first century rabbinic sag...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Capital Punishment: Encyclopedia - Capital Punishment
Capital punishment, also referred to as the death penalty, is the execution of a convicted felon as a punishment for a crime (often calle...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chokhmah Kabbalah: Encyclopedia - Chokhmah Kabbalah
Chokhmah ("Wisdom"; חכמה) (or chochmah or hokhmah) in the Kabbalah of Judaism, is the uppermost of the Sephirot of the right line (ka...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Capital Punishment: Encyclopedia Ii - Capital Punishment - History
The use of formal execution extends back beyond recorded history. In the history of the death penalty, societies have generally progresse...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Capital Punishment: Encyclopedia Ii - Capital Punishment - Views And Opinions Concerning The Death Penalty
Support for the death penalty varies widely, and it can be a highly contentious political issue, particularly in democracies that use it....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nachman Of Breslov: Encyclopedia Ii - Nachman Of Breslov - Teachings
Rebbe Nachman was born in Mezhibuz, Ukraine, and in his short life achieved much acclaim as a teacher and spiritual leader. He was an ext...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Creationism: Encyclopedia Ii - Creationism - Criticism Of Creationism
Creationism - Scientific critique of creationism. All forms of Creationism incorporate some theological content, but they have varied c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Documentary Hypothesis: Encyclopedia Ii - Documentary Hypothesis - History Of The Hypothesis
Documentary hypothesis - Traditional Jewish and Christian beliefs. The traditional Jewish view is that God revealed his will to Moses a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Living Torah And Nach: Encyclopedia Ii - The Living Torah And Nach - The Living Torah
The Living Torah is a 1981 translation of the Torah by Aryeh Kaplan, published by Moznaim. It was and remains a highly popular translatio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish English Bible Translations: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish English Bible Translations - Lack Of Centrality
In general, English Bible translation has been less central and not as widespread among Jews as among Christians (the latter having produ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - English Translations Of The Bible: Encyclopedia Ii - English Translations Of The Bible - Early Translations
English translations of the Bible - Early Jewish translations. Some of the first translations of the Jewish Torah began during the firs...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Judaism And Evolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Judaism And Evolution - Jewish Views In Reaction To Darwin
With the advent of Charles Darwin's evolutionary theory, the Jewish community found itself engaged in a discussion of Jewish principles o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Creationism: Encyclopedia Ii - Creationism - Criticism Of Creationism
Creationism - Scientific critique of creationism. All forms of Creationism incorporate some theological content, but they have varied c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Divine Simplicity: Encyclopedia Ii - Divine Simplicity - In Christian Thought
In Christian thought, the importance of the concept is that God as a simple being is not divisible, and thus, he is present in his entire...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Capital Punishment: Encyclopedia Ii - Capital Punishment - Views And Opinions Concerning The Death Penalty
Support for the death penalty varies widely, and it can be a highly contentious political issue, particularly in democracies that use it....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Capital Punishment: Encyclopedia Ii - Capital Punishment - Ethical Views On Capital Punishment
Support for the death penalty varies widely, and it can be a highly contentious political issue, particularly in democracies that use it....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Na Nach Nachma: Encyclopedia Ii - Na Nach Nachma - History Of The Mantra
Although Na Nach Nachma is based on the name of Rebbe Nachman, he himself did not use it, and it was unknown in his day. However, he did ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bahir: Encyclopedia Ii - Bahir - Authorship
Kabbalists acribed authorship of the Bahir to R. Nehunya, a rabbi of the Mishnaic era, who lived around 100 CE. Medieval Kabbalists write...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Semicha: Encyclopedia Ii - Semicha - Post-talmudic Semicha
Semicha - The decline of classical semicha. According to most Jewish writers on this topic, sometime during the fourth century CE, duri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Capital Punishment: Encyclopedia Ii - Capital Punishment - Views And Opinions Concerning The Death Penalty
Support for the death penalty varies widely, and it can be a highly contentious political issue, particularly in democracies that use it....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Payot: Encyclopedia Ii - Payot - Origin
As part of the 613 commandments, an injunction in Leviticus (19:27) commands Jews "You shall not round the corners of your heads, neither...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Baal Teshuva: Encyclopedia Ii - Baal Teshuva - Orthodox Outreach Organizations
Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, leader of the Chabad Lubavitch branch of Hasidic Judaism was responsible for turning Chabad's strength ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Capital Punishment: Encyclopedia Ii - Capital Punishment - Views And Opinions Concerning The Death Penalty
Support for the death penalty varies widely, and it can be a highly contentious political issue, particularly in democracies that use it....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Views Of Astrology: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Views Of Astrology - Views In The Modern Era
Strictures against astrology appear in the official Torah commentary of Conservative Judaism and on the official website of Reform Judais...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Rabbis: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Rabbis - Rabbis: Later Middle Ages
List of rabbis - Rabbis: 18th Century. Haim Isaac Carigal, rabbi in Newport, Rhode Island in 1773 who became great influence on Revere...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chokhmah Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Chokhmah Kabbalah - Introduction
Chokhmah, the second of the ten sefirot, is the first power of conscious intellect within Creation. Chokhmah appears in the configuration...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Semicha: Encyclopedia Ii - Semicha - Semicha In The Times Of The Hebrew Bible
According to the Hebrew Bible, Moses ordained Joshua through semicha. (Num 27:22-23, Deut 34:9). Moses also ordained the 70 elders (Deut ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nachman Of Breslov: Encyclopedia Ii - Nachman Of Breslov - Did He Believe He Was The Messiah?
Nachman of Breslov - View within Breslov. This is a difficult question to answer. He definitely believed in the concept of the Tzaddik ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nachman Of Breslov: Encyclopedia Ii - Nachman Of Breslov - Was Nachman Actually A Sabbatean?
Some academic scholars of Hasidic Judaism hold that some of the charges made against Nachman were true. He is considered to have been inf...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nachman Of Breslov: Encyclopedia Ii - Nachman Of Breslov - Works Published After His Death
Nachman's doctrines were published and disseminated in books and pamphlets mainly after his death, by his closest disciple, Reb Noson. Re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nachman Of Breslov: Encyclopedia Ii - Nachman Of Breslov - Controversy Over His Beliefs
He moved to Medvedevka, Ukraine and began preaching there, and in 1800 he moved to Zlatopol (near Shpola), Kiev. Unfortunately, a serious...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Capital Punishment: Encyclopedia Ii - Capital Punishment - The Death Penalty Worldwide
Some jurisdictions still practicing capital punishment restrict its use to a small number of criminal offences, principally murder, treas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Payot: Encyclopedia Ii - Payot - Use
The original law only requires the payot not to be removed, though they can be cut or trimmed but not with a razor, or blade sliding alon...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Capital Punishment: Encyclopedia Ii - Capital Punishment - The Death Penalty In Arts And Media
Capital punishment - Literature. In the short story by Edgar Allen Poe, The Black Cat, the narrator is writing the day before he is put...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Capital Punishment: Encyclopedia Ii - Capital Punishment - Religious Views On Capital Punishment
Capital punishment - Buddhism and capital punishment. The first of the Five Precepts (Panca-sila) is to abstain from destruction of lif...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Capital Punishment: Encyclopedia Ii - Capital Punishment - The Death Penalty Worldwide
Some jurisdictions still practicing capital punishment restrict its use to a small number of criminal offences, principally murder, treas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Semicha: Encyclopedia Ii - Semicha - Semicha In The Times Of The Hebrew Bible
According to the Hebrew Bible, Moses ordained Joshua through semicha. (Num 27:22-23, Deut 34:9). Moses also ordained the 70 elders (Deut ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Semicha: Encyclopedia Ii - Semicha - Semicha In The Mishnah And Talmud
For some time, rabbis in the era of the Mishnah (until 200 CE) and the two Talmuds continued to ordain their successors through the semic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Capital Punishment: Encyclopedia Ii - Capital Punishment - Scope Of Use
Some jurisdictions still practicing capital punishment restrict its use to a small number of criminal offences, principally murder, treas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Capital Punishment: Encyclopedia Ii - Capital Punishment - Terminology
The term "capital" derives from the Latin caput, literally meaning "head".[2] Thus, capital punishment is the penalty for a crime so seve...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Semicha: Encyclopedia Ii - Semicha - Not All Present-day Rabbis Have Semicha
Although presently most functioning synagogue (i.e. "pulpit") rabbis hold semicha, this was until quite recently not always required, and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Capital Punishment: Encyclopedia Ii - Capital Punishment - History
The use of formal execution extends back beyond recorded history. In the history of the death penalty, societies have generally progresse...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Capital Punishment: Encyclopedia Ii - Capital Punishment - Scope Of Use
Some jurisdictions still practicing capital punishment restrict its use to a small number of criminal offences, principally murder, treas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Capital Punishment: Encyclopedia Ii - Capital Punishment - Terminology
The term "capital" derives from the Latin caput, literally meaning "head".[1] Thus, capital punishment is the penalty for a crime so seve...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nachman Of Breslov: Encyclopedia Ii - Nachman Of Breslov - Works Published After His Death
Nachman's doctrines were published and disseminated in books and pamphlets mainly after his death, by his disciple Nathan ben Naphtali St...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Semicha: Encyclopedia Ii - Semicha - Attempts To Revive Classical Semicha
Maimonides, in his Mishneh Torah, rules that "if all the Palestinian sages would unanimously agree to appoint and ordain judges, then the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Capital Punishment: Encyclopedia Ii - Capital Punishment - Scope Of Use
Some jurisdictions still practicing capital punishment restrict its use to a small number of criminal offences, principally murder, treas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Capital Punishment: Encyclopedia Ii - Capital Punishment - Ethical Views On Capital Punishment
Ethical arguments for and against an issue can be divided into consequentialist, deontological and virtue-based. Some arguments cannot be...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Capital Punishment: Encyclopedia Ii - Capital Punishment - Terminology
The term "capital" derives from the Latin caput, literally meaning "head".[2] Thus, capital punishment is the penalty for a crime so seve...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Capital Punishment: Encyclopedia Ii - Capital Punishment - The Death Penalty In Arts And Media
Capital punishment - Literature. In the short story by Edgar Allen Poe, The Black Cat, the narrator is writing the day before he is put...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Capital Punishment: Encyclopedia Ii - Capital Punishment - Religious Views On Capital Punishment
Capital punishment - Buddhism and capital punishment. The first of the Five Precepts (Panca-sila) is to abstain from destruction of lif...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Semicha: Encyclopedia Ii - Semicha - Semicha In The Mishnah And Talmud
For some time, rabbis in the era of the Mishnah (until 200 CE) and the two Talmuds continued to ordain their successors through the semic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Views Of Astrology: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Views Of Astrology - Moshe Chaim Luzzatto
In Derekh Hashem Section II, chapter 7, Rabbi Moshe Chaim Luzzatto discusses the influence of stars on humanity and events on earth. Ther...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chokhmah Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Chokhmah Kabbalah - Non-jewish Usages
Western occultists describe Chokhma as the creative, active principle behind the cosmos. It is force, the ultimate Subject, as compared t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chokhmah Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Chokhmah Kabbalah - In The Texts Of Judaism
The word Chokhmah is read in the Zohar (Numbers 220b) as koach mah, "the power of selflessness," or, alternatively, as cheich mah, "the p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chokhmah Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Chokhmah Kabbalah - Numerology
Chokhmah = 73 (the 22nd prime number). In ordinal numbering, Chokhmah = 37 (the middle point of 73; the 13th prime number). In small numb...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chokhmah Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Chokhmah Kabbalah - The First Of The Intellectual Powers Of The Soul
In the array of sefirot in three columns (gimel kavim), Chokmah is situated at the top of the right column, and corresponds to the right ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bahir: Encyclopedia Ii - Bahir - Title
Nahmanides, in his commentary on the Torah, (Genesis 1) is one of the first to quote the work under the title Midrash R. Nehunya ben ha-K...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bahir: Encyclopedia Ii - Bahir - Editions And Commentaries
One of the most accurate manuscripts of the final form of Sefer Bahir was written in 1331 by Meir ben Solomon Abi-Sahula; his commentary ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Creationism: Encyclopedia Ii - Creationism - History Of The Concept Of Creation
The history of creationism is tied to the history of religions. Creationism in the West primarily had some of its earliest roots in Judai...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Creationism: Encyclopedia Ii - Creationism - Political Context
In the secular sense, "creationism" refers to a political doctrine which asserts the validity and superiority of a particular religiously...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Capital Punishment: Encyclopedia Ii - Capital Punishment - Scope Of Use
Some jurisdictions still practicing capital punishment restrict its use to a small number of criminal offences, principally murder, treas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Capital Punishment: Encyclopedia Ii - Capital Punishment - Terminology
The term "capital" derives from the Latin caput, literally meaning "head".[1] Thus, capital punishment is the penalty for a crime so seve...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Creationism: Encyclopedia Ii - Creationism - Overview
The term creationism is most often used to describe the belief that creation occurred literally as described in the book of Genesis or th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Baal Teshuva: Encyclopedia Ii - Baal Teshuva - Orthodox Outreach To Jewish Women
One of the earliest pioneers of outreach to men and women is Rebbetzin Esther Jungreis, the founder of the international Hineni movement ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Baal Teshuva: Encyclopedia Ii - Baal Teshuva - In Israel
During this time there was a movement among secular Israeli Jews that was essentially a search for spirituality. At the time, most Israel...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Baal Teshuva: Encyclopedia Ii - Baal Teshuva - In The Former Soviet Union
This baal teshuva movement also appeared in the former Soviet Union, which at that time had almost completely secularized its Jewish popu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Baal Teshuva: Encyclopedia Ii - Baal Teshuva - Origins
Appearing in the 1960s, a growing number of young Jews who had previously been raised in non-religious homes in the Uinted States started...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Creationism: Encyclopedia Ii - Creationism - Jewish Creationism
See main article Judaism and evolution. Judaism has a continuum of views about creation, the origin of life and the role of evolution in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Creationism: Encyclopedia Ii - Creationism - Christian God As Absolute Origin
Nearly all denominations of Christianity assert that God is the origin, the first cause. The Roman Catholic Church holds as an unchangeab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Rabbis: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Rabbis - Orthodox Rabbis
List of rabbis - Orthodox rabbis: 19th Century. Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin, (Netziv ; Ha'emek Davar) 19th century head of Volozhin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Views Of Astrology: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Views Of Astrology - In The Medieval Era
Many rabbis in the Geonic era (after the close of the Talmud, early medieval period) discussed the varying Talmudic and midrashic views o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Views Of Astrology: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Views Of Astrology - Rabbinic Acceptance Of Astrology
However, other statements in the Talmud and in the midrash literature show that many Jews had some level of admiration for astrology. Som...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Views Of Astrology: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Views Of Astrology - Rabbinic Rejection Of Astrology
In early classical rabbinic works written in the land of Israel (Jerusalem Talmud and Palestinian midrash compilations) astrologers are k...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Rabbis: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Rabbis - Conservative Rabbis
List of rabbis - Conservative rabbis: 19th Century. Zecharias Frankel, 19th century critical historian, founder of the Positive histor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Rabbis: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Rabbis - Reform Rabbis
List of rabbis - Reform rabbis: 19th Century. Samuel Adler, 19th century German-American rabbi of Temple Emanu-El Emil Hirsch, 19th ce...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nachman Of Breslov: Encyclopedia Ii - Nachman Of Breslov - Biography
Nachman was born in the town of Mezhibuzh on the first day of the Hebrew month of Nissan, 1772. On the side of his mother, Feiga, he was ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Na Nach Nachma: Encyclopedia Ii - Na Nach Nachma - Popularity Of The Mantra Today
Whatever the origins of this mantra, it is now very popular among some groups of Breslover Hasidim, and has been incorporated into both t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Na Nach Nachma: Encyclopedia Ii - Na Nach Nachma - Pronuciation And Meaning Of The Phrase
During his lifetime, Rebbe Nachman spoke of a "Song of Redemption" that would be revealed before the coming of the Jewish Messiah. This s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Rabbis: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Rabbis - Reconstructionist Rabbis
List of rabbis - Reconstructionist rabbis: 20th Century. Mordecai Kaplan, 20th century founder of the Reconstructionist movement in Am...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Views Of Astrology: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Views Of Astrology - In The Bible
Astrology is not specifically mentioned in the Torah, the five books of Moses. There are two commandments which have been used by some au...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Judaism And Evolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Judaism And Evolution - Classical Rabbinic Teachings
It is likely that the majority of classical rabbis held that God created the world some 6,000 years ago, and created Adam and Eve from cl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Documentary Hypothesis: Encyclopedia Ii - Documentary Hypothesis - Opponents Of The Hypothesis
Fundamentalist Jews and Christians reject the documentary hypothesis entirely and accept the traditional view that the whole Torah is ess...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Documentary Hypothesis: Encyclopedia Ii - Documentary Hypothesis - The Hypothesis
Documentary hypothesis - Background to the hypothesis. The main areas considered by these critics when supporting the Documentary Hypot...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Creationism: Encyclopedia Ii - Creationism - Creationism And Naturalism
Creationists believe that a divine power created life, sometimes believing that every "kind" of living thing was separately "created", wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Creationism: Encyclopedia Ii - Creationism - Prevalence Of Creationism
Creationism - United States. According to a 2001 Gallup poll on the origins of humans, they estimate that 72% of Americans believe in s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - English Translations Of The Bible: Encyclopedia Ii - English Translations Of The Bible - Old English Translations
Although John Wycliff is often credited with the first translation of the Bible into English, there were, in fact, many translations of l...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - English Translations Of The Bible: Encyclopedia Ii - English Translations Of The Bible - Modern Translations
Main articles: Modern Jewish translations. Modern Christian translations. Much like early English Bibles, which were based on Greek tex...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish English Bible Translations: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish English Bible Translations - Artscroll Tanach Series
Mesorah Publications is an Orthodox Jewish publisher of Bible translations, rabbinic literature and Jewish prayerbooks. Their Stone Editi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish English Bible Translations: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish English Bible Translations - Living Torah And Nach
Perhaps the first Orthodox translation into modern English was The Living Torah by Aryeh Kaplan (New York: Moznaim Publishing, 1981 [2nd ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish English Bible Translations: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish English Bible Translations - Jewish Publication Society Translations
The translations of the Jewish Publication Society of America (JPS) have become the most popular English translations of the Hebrew Bible...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nachman Of Breslov: Encyclopedia Ii - Nachman Of Breslov - His Following
Rebbe Nachman developed a following during his lifetime that has continued in the two centuries since his death. His followers today are ...   » Read the article