Aryan is an English word derived from the Indo-Aryan Vedic Sanskrit and Iranian Avestan terms ari-, arya-, ārya-, and/or the extended form aryāna-. The Old Persian ariya- is a cognate as well. Beyond its use as the ethnic self-designation of the Proto-Indo-Iranians, the meaning "noble" has been attached to it in Sanskrit. During the 19th century, following Max Müller's 'Aryan invasion theory', the term gained an added meaning, being used in the West to refer to what are now called the 'Prot ...

Including:

Aryan - Etymology and History of the Term Aryan - Proto-Indo-European Aryan - Indo-Iranian
Aryan - Indo-Aryan Aryan - Iranian
Aryan - Racist connotations

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See also:

Aryan, Aryan - Etymology and History of the Term, Aryan - Proto-Indo-European, Aryan - Indo-Iranian, Aryan - Indo-Aryan, Aryan - Iranian, Aryan - Racist connotations

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Indo-Iranian arya- descends from PIE *ar-yo-, a yo-adjective to a root *ar "to assemble skillfully", present in Greek harma "chariot", Latin ars "art" etc. The adjective *aryo- was suggested as ascending to Proto-Indo-European as the self-designation of the speakers of Proto-Indo-European itsel ...

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Aryan, Aryan - Etymology and History of the Term, Aryan - Proto-Indo-European, Aryan - Indo-Iranian, Aryan - Indo-Aryan, Aryan - Iranian, Aryan - Racist connotations

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The Airyanem Vaejah (Aryan Expanse) was the legendary home of the Aryan (Indo-Iranian) people, as described in writings in the Avesta. Its location is debated, but many scholars place it eastern Asia Minor, Afghanistan or the Caucasus. See also. Aztlán, mythical origin of the Aztecs. Aryan race Aryan invasion theory Indo-Iranians ...

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Relation between Hinduism and Zoroastrianism

Like the Rigvedic Aryans, the ancient Iranians worshipped gods like Mitra, Vayu, Verutraghna. They also wore the sacred thread and worshipped fire. They had a social organization that was in some ways similar to the Vedic occupation based social system. 

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Indo-Aryan refers to Indo-Aryan languages Indo-Aryans, the various peoples speaking these languages See also: Indo-Iranian, Aryan, Arya. Other related archivesArya, Aryan, Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryans, Indo-Iranian

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Indo-Aryan migration refers to the migration and expansion of the Indo-Aryans during the 2nd millennium BC or earlier. Archaeological and philological data indicates that there was a shift of settlements from the northwestern part of South Asia to the Gangetic valley and to the south during the second millennium BCE, but does not clearly support a migration of Indo-Aryan people into South Asia. Based on linguistic data, many scholars have argued that Indo-Aryan speakers invaded in South Asia in the second millennium BCE. This correspo ...

Including:

Indo-Aryan migration - Overview Indo-Aryan migration - History Indo-Aryan migration - Linguistics Indo-Aryan migration - Philology
Indo-Aryan migration - Rig Veda Indo-Aryan migration - Vedic and Puranic King lists Indo-Aryan migration - Puranas Indo-Aryan migration - Avesta and Airyanem Vaejah
Indo-Aryan migration - Archaeology
Indo-Aryan migration - Indus Valley Civilization Indo-Aryan migration - Vasishta head Indo-Aryan migration - Pottery Indo-Aryan migration - West Asia
Indo-Aryan migration - Astronomical data Indo-Aryan migration - Physical Anthropology Indo-Aryan migration - Genetics and Archaeogenetics

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Arya (árya-) is a Sanskrit term used by Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and others. It means "master, noble, lord" or can refer to any Vaishya. In Avestan, the cognate word is an n-stem, airyan-. The honorific term -ji (which is used for example in Gandhiji), is derived from Arya (through the Pali aya or aja and Apabhramsa aje). The important Sanskrit lexicon Amarakosha (ca. 450 AD) defines Aryan as: "An Arya is one who hails from a noble family, of gentle behavior and demeanor, good-natured and of ...

Including:

Arya - Religious and spiritual uses Arya - Buddhism Arya - Arya in the Epics
Arya - Ramayana Arya - Mahabharata

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The term Aryan race refers to a model of racial identity that was prevelant in Europe from around the 1880s through to 1945, most notably in Nazi Germany. It has become associated with the theory that north European Nordic peoples constitute a master race. The word "Aryan" derives from cultures of Iran and India. It was originally used in various Indo-Iranian languages. Possibly it originally referred to clan-identity, but it certainly later had a meaning roughly similar to "noble" or "honorable". It was sometimes used by the speakers of these languages to refer ...

Including:

Aryan race - Origin of the concept Aryan race - The culture of the Aryans Aryan race - Imperialist nationalistic and Nazi uses of the term
Aryan race - British Raj Aryan race - Theosophy Aryan race - Nazism
Aryan race - Quotations

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Avestan (avesta) is an Eastern Old Iranian language that was used to compose the hymns of the Zoroastrian holy book, the Avesta. Iranian languages are part of the Indo-Iranian Language group which includes the Indo-Aryan languages such as Sanskrit. The Indo-Iranian language group is the major eastern branch of the Indo-European languages. Along with Old Persian, Avestan is one of the two oldest Iranian languages of which we have evidence. The structure of the language and its sound system testifies to its status as an East Iranian language. The Avestan language, as reflect ...

Including:

Avestan language - Phonology

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The Alans, Alani, Alauni or Halani were an Iranian nomadic group among the Sarmatian people, warlike nomadic pastoralists of mixed backgrounds, who spoke an Iranian language and shared, in a broad sense, a common culture. Alans - Name. The various forms of Alan, as well as the Iron of the Ossetes (descendants of the Alans), are an Iranian dialectical form of Aryan. The ancient Alans were on what is generally conceded (although not without contest) to be the original or one of the origin ...

Including:

Alans - Name Alans - Early Alans Alans - The 'western' Alans and Vandals Alans - Alans and Slavs Alans - The 'eastern' Alans and Huns Alans - Medieval Alania Alans - The Mongol Invasions and their aftermath

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The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). Persia's earliest known kingdom was the proto-Elamite Empire, followed by the Medes; but it is the Achaemenid Empire that emerged under Cyrus the Great that is usually the earliest to be called "Persian." Successive states in Iran before 1935 are collectively called the Persian Empire by Western historians. Persian Empire - The name Persia. Persia has long ...

Including:

Persian Empire - The name Persia Persian Empire - The rise and fall of empires in Persia
Persian Empire - The first Persian state: Achaemenid Persia 648 BC-330 BC Persian Empire - Hellenistic Persia 330 BC-150 BC Persian Empire - Parthian Persia 150 BC-AD 226 Persian Empire - Sassanid Persia AD 226-650 Persian Empire - Islam and Persia 650-1219 Persian Empire - Persia under the Turkic rule 1037-1219 Persian Empire - Persia under the Mongols and their successors 1219-1500 Persian Empire - A new Persian empire: the Safavids 1500-1722 Persian Empire - Persia and Europe 1722-1914 Persian Empire - Persia in World War One 1914-1918 Persian Empire - Persia after World War One 1919-1935
Persian Empire - List of Kings and Emperors of Persia

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"I have declared again and again that if I say Aryans, I mean neither blood nor bones, nor hair nor skull; I mean simply those who speak an Aryan language… To me an ethnologist who speaks of Aryan race, Aryan blood, Aryan eyes and hair, is as great a sinner as a linguist who speaks of a dolichocephalic dictionary or a brachycephalic grammar." Max Müller "I regret that I am not clear as to what you intend by arisch. I am not of Aryan extraction: that is Indo-Iranian; as far as I am aware none of my ...

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Aryan race, Aryan race - Origin of the concept, Aryan race - The culture of the Aryans, Aryan race - Imperialist nationalistic and Nazi uses of the term, Aryan race - British Raj, Aryan race - Theosophy, Aryan race - Nazism, Aryan race - Quotations

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The separation of Indo-Aryans proper from Proto-Indo-Iranians has been dated to roughly 2000 BC–1800 BC. The Nuristani languages probably split in such early times, and are either classified as remote Indo-Aryan dialects, or as an independent branch of Indo-Iranian. It is believed Indo-Aryans reached Assyria in the west and the Punjab in the east before 1500 BC: the Indo-Aryan Mitanni rulers appear from 1500, and the Gandhara grave culture emerges from 1600. This suggests that Indo-Aryan tribes would have had to be present in the area of t ...

See also:

Indo-Aryan migration, Indo-Aryan migration - Overview, Indo-Aryan migration - History, Indo-Aryan migration - Linguistics, Indo-Aryan migration - Philology, Indo-Aryan migration - Rig Veda, Indo-Aryan migration - Vedic and Puranic King lists, Indo-Aryan migration - Puranas, Indo-Aryan migration - Avesta and Airyanem Vaejah, Indo-Aryan migration - Archaeology, Indo-Aryan migration - Indus Valley Civilization, Indo-Aryan migration - Vasishta head, Indo-Aryan migration - Pottery, Indo-Aryan migration - West Asia, Indo-Aryan migration - Astronomical data, Indo-Aryan migration - Physical Anthropology, Indo-Aryan migration - Genetics and Archaeogenetics

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Indo-Aryan migration - Rig Veda. The Rigveda is by far the most archaic testimony of Vedic Sanskrit. It describes a pastoral or nomadic, mobile culture, still centered on the Indo-Iranian Soma cult and fire worship. The purely nomadic and/or pastoral character of the Rig Vedic people is however disputed. The mobile nature of the Vedic religion is illustrated by the laying out of the ritual precinct as part of the ritual, rather than the existence of fixed temples. This holds for the invitation of Indra to the Som ...

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Indo-Aryan migration, Indo-Aryan migration - Overview, Indo-Aryan migration - History, Indo-Aryan migration - Linguistics, Indo-Aryan migration - Philology, Indo-Aryan migration - Rig Veda, Indo-Aryan migration - Vedic and Puranic King lists, Indo-Aryan migration - Puranas, Indo-Aryan migration - Avesta and Airyanem Vaejah, Indo-Aryan migration - Archaeology, Indo-Aryan migration - Indus Valley Civilization, Indo-Aryan migration - Vasishta head, Indo-Aryan migration - Pottery, Indo-Aryan migration - West Asia, Indo-Aryan migration - Astronomical data, Indo-Aryan migration - Physical Anthropology, Indo-Aryan migration - Genetics and Archaeogenetics

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The Kashgar in Tarim Basin and Kashkar in Chitral are connected with the Khasas. But is seems more likely that these names come from ancient tribal people knowns as Kaskaras. The Kashgar and Kashkar can easily be derived from Kaskara. The Kaskara is Karaskara tribe which is first referenced by Baudhayana Dharama Sutra as neighbors to the Arattas and is stated a despised and impure people. The Karaskaras are also referenced in Baudhayana Shrauta Sutra, Apastamba Shrauta Sutra and Hiranyakesi Shrauta Sutra ...

See also:

Khasas, Khasas - Antiquity and Origin, Khasas - Iranian Aryan tribe, Khasas - Khasas in Epic literature, Khasas - Khasas in Puranic literature, Khasas - Khasas in Brhatsamhita, Khasas - Degraded Kshatriyas, Khasas - Foreign references on Khasas, Khasas - Geographical Distribution, Khasas - Khasas Kambojas in Bengal, Khasas - Miscellaneous, Khasas - Epilogue

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The epic literature asserts that the Khasas, Chinas, Hunas, Shakas, Kambojas, Yavanas, Pahlavas, Kiratas, Sinhalas, Mlechchas etc were all created by sage Vashistha through the divine powers of cow Sabala or Nandini (Kamdhenu) (See: Ramayana (1.52-55) & Mahabharata (1.174.6-48). The Khasas are said o have participated in the Mahabharata war. They are grouped with the Kambojas, Shakas and Salvas of north-west in Uluka's ...

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Khasas, Khasas - Antiquity and Origin, Khasas - Iranian Aryan tribe, Khasas - Khasas in Epic literature, Khasas - Khasas in Puranic literature, Khasas - Khasas in Brhatsamhita, Khasas - Degraded Kshatriyas, Khasas - Foreign references on Khasas, Khasas - Geographical Distribution, Khasas - Khasas Kambojas in Bengal, Khasas - Miscellaneous, Khasas - Epilogue

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[Purana]]s include the Khasas in the ancient Janapada list and place them in the parvatashrayin (mountainous) division of Puranic Bhuvanakosha. e.g. Ato deshanpravakshyami parvatashrayinashcha ye || NiharastusHamargashcha KuravasTunganh Khasah | — (Brahmanda Purana 27.62-63). Markendeya Purana associates the Khasas with the tribes of Udichya or north division (Markendeya 58.48-52; Vayu: I..45.135). Puranas attest that river Sita (Yarkand) flowed through the country of ...

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Khasas, Khasas - Antiquity and Origin, Khasas - Iranian Aryan tribe, Khasas - Khasas in Epic literature, Khasas - Khasas in Puranic literature, Khasas - Khasas in Brhatsamhita, Khasas - Degraded Kshatriyas, Khasas - Foreign references on Khasas, Khasas - Geographical Distribution, Khasas - Khasas Kambojas in Bengal, Khasas - Miscellaneous, Khasas - Epilogue

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Numerous Puranic literature states that after defeating the five hordes (panca-ganah) of the Shakas, Yavanas, Kambojas, Pahlavas and the Paradas, Vedic king Sagara of Ikshvaku lineage had launched attacks on the Khasas, Mahishakas, Koliserpas, Darvas and Cholas and turned them also into degraded members of the Kshatriya community (See: Harivamsa 14.15-19) Manusmriti treats the Khasas and the tribes of the Shakas, Yavanas, Kambojas, Pahlavas, Paundrakas, Dravidas, Daradas etc as the degraded members of Kshatriyas s ...

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Khasas, Khasas - Antiquity and Origin, Khasas - Iranian Aryan tribe, Khasas - Khasas in Epic literature, Khasas - Khasas in Puranic literature, Khasas - Khasas in Brhatsamhita, Khasas - Degraded Kshatriyas, Khasas - Foreign references on Khasas, Khasas - Geographical Distribution, Khasas - Khasas Kambojas in Bengal, Khasas - Miscellaneous, Khasas - Epilogue

Read more here: » Khasas: Encyclopedia II - Khasas - Degraded Kshatriyas

From the foregoing discussion, it is noticeable that there are several references which bracket the Khasas with the Kambojas, Shakas, Pahlavas, Paradas tribes of the Uttarapatha. According to scholars, the original country of the Khasa was located in Central Asia, north of the Kambojas (i.e. Parama Kamboja branch) and east of Sogdians of Samarkand. From this region, they had later entered India and spread into Kashmir, upper Kunar in Kashkar (obviously as neighbors to the Kambojas), the hill regions of Himalaya, Nepal and also in the plains ...

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Khasas, Khasas - Antiquity and Origin, Khasas - Iranian Aryan tribe, Khasas - Khasas in Epic literature, Khasas - Khasas in Puranic literature, Khasas - Khasas in Brhatsamhita, Khasas - Degraded Kshatriyas, Khasas - Foreign references on Khasas, Khasas - Geographical Distribution, Khasas - Khasas Kambojas in Bengal, Khasas - Miscellaneous, Khasas - Epilogue

Read more here: » Khasas: Encyclopedia II - Khasas - Epilogue