An artifact (also artefact) refers to any object or process resulting from human activity which represents things from the past. The specific meanings of the word are several: An artifact in archaeology An artifact of observation An artifact of fantasy A cultural artifact (from sociology) An artifact of railways An artifact in software engineering A compression artifact in computer science, resulting from lossy data compression Artifact is a name

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A cultural artifact is an man-made object which gives information about the culture of its creator and users. The artifact may change over time in what it represents, how it appears and how and why it is used as the culture changes over time. This can also be seen in biofacts. A biofact represents biotechnological changes in a living entity, according to cultural visions. See also. Social artifact ...

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Fantasy media Fantastic art Fantasy literature Fantasy authors Fantasy fiction magazines Fantasy art Fantasy films Fantasy operas Genre studies History of fantasy Fantasy subgenres Fantasy themes Quests & Artifacts Fantasy races Fantasy worlds Legendary creatures Fantasy subculture Lovecraftianism

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In archaeology, an artifact or artefact is any object made or modified by a human culture, and often one later recovered by some archaeological endeavor. Examples include stone tools such as projectile points, pottery vessels such as amphorae, metal objects such as buttons or guns and items of personal adornment such as jewellery and clothing. Other examples include bone that shows signs of human modification, fire ...

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Artifact is an on-line multiplayer computer game. It was developed by David Michael and first published on the Internet in 1999. Artifact computer game - External link. http://www.samugames.com/artifact/ ...

Including:

Artifact computer game - External link

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A compression artifact (or artefact) is the result of an aggressive data compression scheme applied to an image, audio, or video that discards some data which is determined by an algorithm to be of lesser importance to the overall content but which is nonetheless discernible and objectionable to the user. Artifacts in time-dependent data such as audio or video are often a result of the latent error in lossy data compression. Technically speaking, a compression artifact is a particular class of data error that is usually ...

Including:

Compression artifact - Compression artifacts in picture coding
Compression artifact - Image artifact reduction
Compression artifact - Compression artifacts in audio coding

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Artifacts (1994) is a tribal ambient album by the American artist Steve Roach. This album is a follow up to 1993’s Origins. There is a poem by Linda Kohanov in the liner notes which is a sequel to her poem in Origins. Like Origins, many of the track titles were derived from this poem. Artifacts album - Track listing. ”Groundswell” (8:15) ”Thunder Brother” (9:29) ”The Origin of Artifacts” (25:46) ”Your Own Eyes” (8:02) � ...

Including:

Artifacts album - Track listing Artifacts album - Personnel

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The Chumash Indians, a Native American tribe, mainly inhabited the southern coastal regions of California, in the vicinity of what is now Santa Barbara and Ventura, extending as far south as Malibu. They also occupied the three northern islands of the Santa Barbara group, a part of the Channel Islands. Modern place names with Chumash origins include: Malibu, Point Mugu, Piru, Lake Castaic, and Simi Valley. Chumash - History. Estimates of their population range from 10,000 to 20,000 before contact with Spani ...

Including:

Chumash - History
Chumash - Languages Chumash - Lifestyle Chumash - Artifacts Chumash - Possible pre-Columbian contact with Polynesians
Chumash - Modern times

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Kyrgyzstan has a wide mix of ethnic groups and cultures, with the Kyrgyz being the majority group. In 1994, the population of Kyrgyzstan was estimated as being 52 percent ethnic Kyrgyz, 22 percent Russians, 13 percent Uzbek, 3 percent Ukrainian, 2 percent German. The rest of the population was composed of about eighty other nationalities. Of some potential political significance are the Uygurs. That group numbered only about 36,000 in Kyrgyzstan, but about 185,000 lived in neighboring Kazakstan. The Uygurs are also the majority population in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China, whose population ...

Including:

Culture of Kyrgyzstan - Literary works Culture of Kyrgyzstan - Cultural artifacts

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Biblical archaeology involves the recovery and scientific investigation of the material remains of past cultures that can illuminate the periods and descriptions in the Bible. As with the historical records from any other civilization, the manuscripts must be compared to other accounts from contemporary societies in Europe, Mesopotamia, and Africa; additionally, records from neighbors must be compared with them. The scientific techniques employed are those of archaeology in g ...

Including:

Biblical archaeology - Milestones prior to 1914 Biblical archaeology - Milestones during 1914 - 1945 Biblical archaeology - Milestones after 1945 Biblical archaeology - Confirmed Biblical structures Biblical archaeology - Artifacts from documented excavations Biblical archaeology - Artifacts with unknown disputed or disproved provenance Biblical archaeology - Professional commentary

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Archaeoastronomy (also spelled Archeoastronomy) is the study of astronomy in its cultural context, drawing on archaeological and anthropological evidence. One aspect of it employs astronomical examination of archaeological sites to gain insights into the roles of astronomy in past cultures. A second aspect (sometimes known by the term ethnoastronomy) examines anthropological and ethnohistorical evidence for the astronomical practices of more modern, historical cultures. A third aspect of archaeoastronomy focuses on the c ...

Including:

Archaeoastronomy - Some Old World sites where archaeoastronomy is being explored Archaeoastronomy - Some New World sites where archaeoastronomy is being explored Archaeoastronomy - Some artifacts that throw light on archaeoastronomy

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An anachronism (from Greek ana, back, and chronos, time) is something that is out of its natural time or appears to be. For example, if a play set during the Roman Republic portrays a person using a computer, the computer is an anachronism. There are two types of anachronisms, parachronisms and prochronism. Parachronisms are when the assigned date is too late for the appearance of the anachronisms, for instance horse drawn carriages on a freeway. Prochronisms are when the assigned date is too early for the appeara ...

Including:

Anachronism - Historical anachronisms as artifacts Anachronism - Social anachronisms Anachronism - Anachronisms in art and fiction Anachronism - Anachronism in scholarship Anachronism - Psychology

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A wine bottle is a bottle used for holding wine, generally made of glass. Some wines are fermented in the bottle, others are bottled only after fermentation. They come in a large variety of sizes, several named for Biblical kings and other figures. The standard bottle contains 750 mL, although this is a relatively recent development. Wine bottle - Sizes. Wine bottle - Champagne. Quarter-bottle, split, or piccolo: varies from 0.187 l to 0.2 l Half-bottle (demiboite ...

Including:

Wine bottle - Sizes
Wine bottle - Champagne Wine bottle - Other wines and port
Wine bottle - Shapes Wine bottle - Colors Wine bottle - Punts
Wine bottle - The punt as a historical artifact Wine bottle - The punt as having a function

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History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Father Christ the Son The Holy Spirit The Bible Old Testament New Testament Apocrypha The Gospels Ten Commandments Sermon on the Mount Christian theology Salvation · Grace Christian worship Christian Church Catholicism Orthodox Christianity Protestantism Christian denominations Chris ...

Including:

Shakers - Origin of the name Shakers - Wardley predecessors Shakers - Ann Lee
Shakers - First Shaker society
Shakers - Communalism under Joseph Meacham
Shakers - Expansion and Contraction
Shakers - Communal spiritual family
Shakers - Revelations and visions Shakers - Culture of work
Shakers - Culture and artifacts Shakers - Shaker music Shakers - Modern-day Shakers Shakers - Shaker Trust Shakers - Reference

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Humans or human beings define themselves in biological, social, and spiritual terms. Biologically, humans are classified as the mammalian species Homo sapiens (Latin for "wise man" or "thinking man"): a bipedal primate of the superfamily Hominoidea, together with the other apes: chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and gibbons. Humans have an erect body carriage that frees their upper limbs for manipulating objects and a highly developed brain capable of abstract reasoning, speech, language, and ...

Including:

Human - Terminology Human - Biology
Human - Anatomy and physiology Human - Life cycle Human - Genetics Human - Race and ethnicity Human - Habitat Human - Population Human - Human evolution Human - Intelligence
Human - Culture
Human - Origins Human - Language Human - Music Human - Emotion and sexuality Human - Body image Human - Trade and economics Human - Artifacts technology and science
Human - Mind
Human - Psychology and human ethology Human - Philosophy Human - Motivation Human - Self-reflection and humanism
Human - Spirit

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Solomon's Temple (Hebrew: בית המקדש, transliterated Beit HaMikdash), also known as the First Temple, was, according to the Torah and the Bible, the first Jewish Temple in Jerusalem. It functioned as a religious focal point for worship and the sacrifices known as the korbanot in ancient Judaism. Completed in the 10th century BCE, it was destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BCE. Solomon's Temple - Biblical account of the Temple's construction. Before his death, King David had provi ...

Including:

Solomon's Temple - Biblical account of the Temple's construction
Solomon's Temple - Construction Solomon's Temple - Completion Solomon's Temple - Ark of the Covenant
Solomon's Temple - Description
Solomon's Temple - Furnishings and treasures
Solomon's Temple - The site Solomon's Temple - Comparison with other temples
Solomon's Temple - Phoenician and Canaanite Solomon's Temple - Other Near Eastern temples Solomon's Temple - A miniature world
Solomon's Temple - Raids and destruction Solomon's Temple - Artifact controversy Solomon's Temple - Notes

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Easter Island (Rapa Nui: Rapa Nui ("navel of the world"); Polynesian: Te Pito o te Henúa ("Navel of the World") or Mata-ki-te-Rangi ("Eyes [Speaking] from the Heavens"); Spanish: Isla de Pascua) is an island in the south Pacific Ocean, a territory of Chile. Located 3600 km (2,237 statute miles) west of continental Chile and 2075 km (1290 statute miles) east of Pitcairn Island, it is the most isolated inhabited island in the world. It is located at 27°09'S 109°27'W, with a latitude close to that of the Ch ...

Including:

Easter Island - History
Easter Island - Early Settlement and overview Easter Island - Moai-carving culture ?5th century CE - ?14th/15th century CE Easter Island - The Birdman cult ?14th/15th century CE - 18th century CE Easter Island - Breakdown of native culture 18th - 20th century CE Easter Island - Today
Easter Island - Ecology Easter Island - Cultural artifacts
Easter Island - The Moai Easter Island - Rongorongo
Easter Island - Demography Easter Island - Mythology

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When using the Discrete Cosine Transform for block-based coding, as in JPEG-compressed images, several types of artifacts can appear, including contouring in smooth regions, staircase noise along curving edges, mosquito noise around edges, and/or checker boarding in "busy" regions. Where predictive coding of motion pictures is used, as in MPEG-1, compression artifacts tend to remain on several generations of decompressed frames, leading to a "painting" effect bei ...

See also:

Compression artifact, Compression artifact - Compression artifacts in picture coding, Compression artifact - Image artifact reduction, Compression artifact - Compression artifacts in audio coding

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One technique is to use a lower bitrate by resampling the audio. By reducing the sample rate, higher frequencies must be removed to conform to the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem. If the anti-aliasing filter works imperfectly, digital distortion or aliasing will be heard in the form of inharmonic frequencies reflected around the Nyquist frequency. (e.g. a 22.85 kHz tone processed with a Nyquist frequency of 22.05 kHz will result in a tone of 22.05 - (22.85 - 22.05) = 21.25 kHz. This can be generalised to output ...

See also:

Compression artifact, Compression artifact - Compression artifacts in picture coding, Compression artifact - Image artifact reduction, Compression artifact - Compression artifacts in audio coding

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