These articles protected the rights of the defeated Jacobites who chose to remain in Ireland. Their property was not to be confiscated as long as they swore allegiance to William III, and Catholic noblemen were to be allowed bear arms. The civil articles were not honoured by the victorious Williamite government for long. Starting in 1695, a series of harsh penal laws were imposed on the Catholic population of Ireland. For this reason, it is sometimes said that "the ink was not dry o ...

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Treaty of Limerick, Treaty of Limerick - The Military Articles, Treaty of Limerick - The Civil Articles

Read more here: » Treaty of Limerick: Encyclopedia II - Treaty of Limerick - The Civil Articles

California Constitution Article XXXV - The Independent Citizen’s Oversight Committee ICOC Membership. (5 members) the chancellors of University of California at San Francisco, Davis, San Diego, Los Angeles, and Irvine. (12 members) the Governor, the Lieutenant Governor, the Treasurer, and the Controller each appoints a member from each of the following three categories: A California university, excluding the ones mentioned above. A California nonprofit academic and research inst ...

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California Constitution Article XXXV, California Constitution Article XXXV - The New Institute, California Constitution Article XXXV - The Independent Citizen’s Oversight Committee ICOC Membership, California Constitution Article XXXV - California Institute of Regenerative Medicine CIRM Membership:, California Constitution Article XXXV - Background, California Constitution Article XXXV - The Proponents, California Constitution Article XXXV - The Opponents, California Constitution Article XXXV - Relevance

Read more here: » California Constitution Article XXXV: Encyclopedia II - California Constitution Article XXXV - The New Institute

The Ricaurte article was published in the middle of a group of 16 "reports" and not given special prominence in the "Highlights of research in this issue" section of the 27 September 2002 issue of Science. The short editorial commentary on the article was called "More Dangers from Designer Drugs" and drew the reader's attention to previously published research indicating that "ecstasy" use alters serotoninergic synaptic transmission. Science also commented that by linking "ecstasy" to dopaminergic neurotoxicity in monkeys, the ...

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Retracted article on neurotoxicity of ecstasy, Retracted article on neurotoxicity of ecstasy - Original publication, Retracted article on neurotoxicity of ecstasy - Published concerns about the study, Retracted article on neurotoxicity of ecstasy - Formal retraction, Retracted article on neurotoxicity of ecstasy - Aftermath of the retraction

Read more here: » Retracted article on neurotoxicity of ecstasy: Encyclopedia II - Retracted article on neurotoxicity of ecstasy - Original publication

Since the late-1990s, Article 9 has been the central feature of a dispute over the ability of Japan to undertake multilateral military commitments overseas. During the late 1980s, increases in government appropriations for the JSDF averaged more than 5 percent per year. By 1990 Japan was ranked third, behind the then-Soviet Union and the United States, in total defense expenditures, and the United States urged Japan to assume a larger share of the burden of defense of the western Pacific. Given these circumstances, some have viewed Article 9 ...

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Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan, Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan - Historical background, Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan - Interpretation, Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan - Debate, Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan - International comparisons

Read more here: » Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan: Encyclopedia II - Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan - Debate

It was established on November 14, 2003 by legal practitioners and academics. It currently has four seats in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. The group originated from the "Basic Law Article 23 Concern Group", which was formed to criticise the HKSAR Government's legislative proposals to implement the controversial Article 23 of the Basic Law during the proposed legislations' consultation period in 2002-2003. Outspoken members of the group included the barristers Audrey Eu (余若薇), Alan Leong (梁家傑) and Ronny Tong (湯家 ...

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Article 45 Concern Group, Article 45 Concern Group - History, Article 45 Concern Group - Future, Article 45 Concern Group - Founding Members

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The Coalition for Stem Cell Research and Cures comprised a broad group of people and organizations that included: 22 Nobel laureates; celebrities such as Christopher Reeve, Brat Pitt and Michael J. Fox; a number of government officials such as California State Treasurer, Phil Angelides and California State Controller, Steve Westly; several state legislators such as State Senator Deborah Ortiz; more than 50 patient and disease advocacy groups (e.g., Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, Alzheimer’s Association California Council, Sickle Ce ...

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California Constitution Article XXXV, California Constitution Article XXXV - The New Institute, California Constitution Article XXXV - The Independent Citizen’s Oversight Committee ICOC Membership, California Constitution Article XXXV - California Institute of Regenerative Medicine CIRM Membership:, California Constitution Article XXXV - Background, California Constitution Article XXXV - The Proponents, California Constitution Article XXXV - The Opponents, California Constitution Article XXXV - Relevance

Read more here: » California Constitution Article XXXV: Encyclopedia II - California Constitution Article XXXV - The Proponents

Those who opposed Proposition 71 included the Roman Catholic Church, ultra-conservative Orange County Republicans, and the California Pro-Life Council, an affiliate of the National Right To Life. Among the politicians in this group were State Senator Tom McClintock (R-Thousand Oaks) and Orange County Treasurer-Tax Collector John M.W.Moorlah. The Hollywood actor Mel Gibson also joined the efforts to defeat this initiative. Conservative groups, however, were not the only ones opposing Prop. 71; organizations such as the California Nurses Association (CNA), the Green Party, the Center for Genetics and Society, ...

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California Constitution Article XXXV, California Constitution Article XXXV - The New Institute, California Constitution Article XXXV - The Independent Citizen’s Oversight Committee ICOC Membership, California Constitution Article XXXV - California Institute of Regenerative Medicine CIRM Membership:, California Constitution Article XXXV - Background, California Constitution Article XXXV - The Proponents, California Constitution Article XXXV - The Opponents, California Constitution Article XXXV - Relevance

Read more here: » California Constitution Article XXXV: Encyclopedia II - California Constitution Article XXXV - The Opponents

Although the Bumiputra have always been the largest racial segment of the Malaysian population (about 65%), their economic position has always tended to be precarious. As late as 1970, 13 years after the drafting of the constitution, they controlled only 4% of the economy, with much of the rest being held by Chinese and foreign interests. As a result, the Reid Commission had recommended the drafting of Article 153 to address this economic imbalance. But there continued to exist substantial political opposition to the economic reforms ...

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Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia, Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia - Origins, Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia - Controversy, Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia - Early debate, Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia - Racial rioting, Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia - Additional affirmative action, Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia - Meritocracy, Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia - Present opposition, Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia - Full text, Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia - Notes and references

Read more here: » Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia: Encyclopedia II - Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia - Controversy

Human embryonic stem cell research became a public issue in 1998 when two teams of scientists developed “methods for culturing cell lines derived, respectively, from: (1) cells taken from the inner cell mass of early embryos, and (2) the gonadal ridges of aborted fetuses.”[2]Since then, this type of research has sparked intense controversy here in the United States. Ever since 1996, Congress has attached to the Health and Human Services appropriations bill—which regulates the funding for the National Institutes of Health (NIH)—a prov ...

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California Constitution Article XXXV, California Constitution Article XXXV - The New Institute, California Constitution Article XXXV - The Independent Citizen’s Oversight Committee ICOC Membership, California Constitution Article XXXV - California Institute of Regenerative Medicine CIRM Membership:, California Constitution Article XXXV - Background, California Constitution Article XXXV - The Proponents, California Constitution Article XXXV - The Opponents, California Constitution Article XXXV - Relevance

Read more here: » California Constitution Article XXXV: Encyclopedia II - California Constitution Article XXXV - Background

main article: *List of Finland-related topics Dictionary definitions from Wiktionary Textbooks from Wikibooks Quotations from Wikiquote Source texts from Wikisource Images and media from Commons News stories from Wikinews Communications in Finland Education in Finland List of universities in Finland Finland and Globalization Finlandization Finnish innovation system Foreign ...

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Finland, Finland - History, Finland - Etymology, Finland - Politics, Finland - Subdivisions, Finland - Geography, Finland - Economy, Finland - Globalization, Finland - Demographics, Finland - Culture, Finland - Public holidays, Finland - Miscellaneous topics, Finland - Other related articles, Finland - International rankings

Read more here: » Finland: Encyclopedia II - Finland - Other related articles

These articles dealt with the treatment of the disbanded Jacobite army. Under the treaty, Jacobite soldiers had the option to leave for France to continue serving under James II in the Irish Brigade. The majority of them chose this option and were marched south to Cork where they embarked on ships for France, many of them accompanied by their wives and children. This journey became known as the Flight of the Wild Geese. The Jacobite soldiers also had the option of join ...

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Treaty of Limerick, Treaty of Limerick - The Military Articles, Treaty of Limerick - The Civil Articles

Read more here: » Treaty of Limerick: Encyclopedia II - Treaty of Limerick - The Military Articles

The Constitution was drafted on the basis of a report from the Reid Commission. The commission, which had been formed to lay the groundwork for a Constitution in the run-up to Malaysia's pending independence, released the report in 1957 as the Report of the Federation of Malaya Constitutional Commission 1957 or The Reid Commission Report. [1] In the report, the Reid Commission stated that "provision should be made in the Constitution for the 'safeguarding of the special position of the Malays and t ...

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Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia, Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia - Origins, Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia - Controversy, Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia - Early debate, Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia - Racial rioting, Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia - Additional affirmative action, Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia - Meritocracy, Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia - Present opposition, Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia - Full text, Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia - Notes and references

Read more here: » Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia: Encyclopedia II - Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia - Origins

Soon after the adoption of the constitution of Japan in 1947, there was a desire on the part of the United States occupation forces for Japan to take a more active military role in the struggle against communism. Article 9 has had broad implications for foreign policy and has been reinterpreted by the ruling government as renouncing the use of force in international affairs, but not renouncing the internal use of force for the purpose of maintaining law and order. This interpretation, which is opposed by many in the left-wing in Japan ...

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Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan, Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan - Historical background, Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan - Interpretation, Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan - Debate, Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan - International comparisons

Read more here: » Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan: Encyclopedia II - Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan - Interpretation

The program of the more conservative Hussites is contained in the four articles of Prague, which were agreed upon in July, 1420, and promulgated in the Latin, Czech, and German languages: Freedom to preach the Word of God. Celebration of the Lord's Supper in both kinds (bread and wine to priests and laity alike). No profane power for the clergy. The same law for laity and priests. (Please note that this is only a widely accepted abbreviation - the f ...

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Hussite, Hussite - Effect in Bohemia of the Death of Hus, Hussite - Two Parties in Bohemia, Hussite - The Four Articles of Prague, Hussite - Calixtines or Utraquists and Taborites, Hussite - The Hussite Wars, Hussite - The Council of Basel and Compacta of Prague, Hussite - Disappearance of the Hussites, Hussite - Rebirth of the Czechoslovak Hussite Church

Read more here: » Hussite: Encyclopedia II - Hussite - The Four Articles of Prague

Clause two provides that the Constitution, and laws and treaties made pursuant to it, constitute the supreme law of the land. It provides that state courts are bound by the supreme law; in case of conflict between federal and state law, the federal law must be upheld. Even state constitutions are subordinate to federal law. The Supreme Court under John Marshall was influential in construing the supremacy clause. It first ruled that it had the power to review the decisions of state courts allegedly in conflict with the supreme law, cla ...

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Article Six of the United States Constitution, Article Six of the United States Constitution - Complete Text, Article Six of the United States Constitution - Debts, Article Six of the United States Constitution - Supremacy, Article Six of the United States Constitution - Oaths

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Whenever they "deem it necessary," two-thirds of both houses of Congress may propose an amendment. This means two-thirds of those members present—assuming that a quorum exists at the time that the vote is cast—and not necessarily a two-thirds vote of the entire membership elected and serving in the two houses of Congress. It was suggested that the two houses first adopt a resolution indicating that they deem an amendment necessary, but this procedure has never been used—the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives instead dire ...

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Article Five of the United States Constitution, Article Five of the United States Constitution - Proposal, Article Five of the United States Constitution - Ratification, Article Five of the United States Constitution - Rescinding a ratification, Article Five of the United States Constitution - Deadline imposed on ratification process, Article Five of the United States Constitution - Proposed but unratified constitutional amendments, Article Five of the United States Constitution - Scope

Read more here: » Article Five of the United States Constitution: Encyclopedia II - Article Five of the United States Constitution - Proposal

Dominion Theology - Christian Reconstructionism. Main articles: Christian Reconstructionism, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]]See also:

Dominion Theology, Dominion Theology - Etymology, Dominion Theology - Adherence, Dominion Theology - History, Dominion Theology - Sub-articles, Dominion Theology - Christian Reconstructionism, Dominion Theology - Christian Reconstructionism, Dominion Theology - Kingdom Now theology

Read more here: » Dominion Theology: Encyclopedia II - Dominion Theology - Sub-articles

For a list of Muslim scientists in all fields, see List of Muslim scientists. For Muslim scientists in the field of: Islamic medicine, see Muslim doctors. Islamic astronomy, see Muslim astronomers. Islamic mathematics, see Muslim mathematicians. Islamic economics ...

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Muslim scientists, Muslim scientists - Sub-articles

Read more here: » Muslim scientists: Encyclopedia II - Muslim scientists - Sub-articles

Student BMJ does not publish any original research article, even from students. The structure of the journal is divided into an initial editorial section, followed by 'Education', 'Careers', 'Life', 'Letters' and 'Reviews' in that order. The journal also publishes news articles, and a separate section called 'Paper Plus', where a pertinent expert reviews a recently published BMJ article for the benefit of medical students. The editorials are often written by medical students themselves, but not infrequently, editorials which previousl ...

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Student BMJ, Student BMJ - Articles in the journal, Student BMJ - How the journal functions, Student BMJ - Impact and awards

Read more here: » Student BMJ: Encyclopedia II - Student BMJ - Articles in the journal

Note: In this section, the phraseology of article 58 is given in quotes. The article covered the following offenses. 58-1: Definition of counterrevolutionary activity: "A counterrevolutionary action is any action aimed at overthrowing, undermining or weakening of the power of workers' and peasants' Soviets... and governments of the USSR and Soviet and autonomous republics, or at the undermining or weakening of the external security of the USSR and main economical, political and nati ...

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Article 58 RSFSR Penal Code, Article 58 RSFSR Penal Code - Summary, Article 58 RSFSR Penal Code - Application, Article 58 RSFSR Penal Code - Evolution, Article 58 RSFSR Penal Code - Wikisource, Article 58 RSFSR Penal Code - External link

Read more here: » Article 58 RSFSR Penal Code: Encyclopedia II - Article 58 RSFSR Penal Code - Summary

1. The existence of a Supreme Being is unknown and unknowable. To believe in the existence of a god is an act of faith. To believe in the nonexistence of a god is likewise an act of faith. There is no evidence that there is a Supreme Being nor is there evidence there is not a Supreme Being. Faith is not knowledge. We can only state with assurance that we do not know. 2. If there is a Supreme Being, then that being ap ...

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Apathetic agnosticism, Apathetic agnosticism - Articles of Faith, Apathetic agnosticism - Organization

Read more here: » Apathetic agnosticism: Encyclopedia II - Apathetic agnosticism - Articles of Faith

The article led to the imprisonment of many innocents, regardless of their position in society, even academics, including Alexander Solzhenitsyn, who would write about his experience as a "Fifty Eighter" in his novels (chiefly The First Circle). Also, the GPU justified the deportation of Leon Trotsky from USSR soil in 1929 by referring to Section 10 of Article 58. Sentences were long, up to 25 years, and frequently extended indefinitely without trial or consultation. Inmates under Article 58 were known as "politichesky" (пол ...

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Article 58 RSFSR Penal Code, Article 58 RSFSR Penal Code - Summary, Article 58 RSFSR Penal Code - Application, Article 58 RSFSR Penal Code - Evolution, Article 58 RSFSR Penal Code - Wikisource, Article 58 RSFSR Penal Code - External link

Read more here: » Article 58 RSFSR Penal Code: Encyclopedia II - Article 58 RSFSR Penal Code - Application