arteries

The coronary circulation consists of the blood vessels that supply blood to, and remove blood from, the heart. The vessels that supply blood high in oxygen to the heart are known as coronary arteries. The vessels that remove the deoxygenated blood from the heart are known as cardiac veins. The coronary arteries that run on the surface of the heart are called epicardial coronary arteries. These arteries, when healthy, are capable of autoregulation to maintain coronary blood flow at levels appropriate to the needs of the heart mu ...

Including:

• Coronary circulation - Coronary anatomy
• Coronary circulation - Left coronary artery
• Coronary circulation - Right coronary artery
• Coronary circulation - Coronary artery dominance
• Coronary circulation - Blood supply of the papillary muscles
• Coronary circulation - Coronary flow

Read more here: » Coronary circulation: Encyclopedia - Coronary circulation

Vascular surgery is the branch of surgery that occupies itself with surgical interventions of arteries and veins, as well as conservative therapies for disease of the peripheral vascular system. Surgery of the heart is the specialism of the cardiothoracic surgeon. Arterial diseases Aneurysms Ischaemia Limb ischaemia Acute limb ischaemia Chronic limb ischaemia : see intermittent claudication and peripheral artery occlusive disease Renal ischaemia <

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In medicine, vasculitis (plural: vasculitides) is a group of diseases featuring inflammation of the wall of blood vessels. Its main causes are autoimmune disorders and (occasionally) infections. Treatment depends on the cause. While most vasculitides are rare diseases, they generally affect several organ systems and can cause severe disability. Vasculitis - Diagnosis. The types of vasculitis are distinguished by the type of blood vessel affected (aorta, large arteries, arterioles, capillaries and vei ...

Including:

• Vasculitis - Diagnosis
• Vasculitis - Treatment
• Vasculitis - Causes and types
• Vasculitis - Source

Read more here: » Vasculitis: Encyclopedia - Vasculitis

Stingrays are not normally visible to swimmers, but divers and snorkelers may find them in shallow sandy waters, more so when the water is unseasonably warm. The Baltimore Aquarium has a large stingray tank where they may be viewed from above or below; many other aquariums exhibit rays. In the Cayman Islands, there are a couple of dive sites (each called "Stingray City") where divers and snorkelers can swim with large southern stingrays and feed them by hand. The Georgia Aquarium allows petting of souther ...

See also:

Stingray, Stingray - Viewing stingrays

Read more here: » Stingray: Encyclopedia II - Stingray - Viewing stingrays

The exact anatomy of the myocardial blood supply varies considerably from person to person. A full evaluation of the coronary arteries requires cardiac catheterization. In general there are two main coronary arteres, the left and right. Both of these arteries originate from the beginning (root) of the aorta, immediately above the aortic valve. As discussed below, the left coronary artery originates from the left aortic sinus, while the right coronary artery originates from the right aortic sinus. See also:

Coronary circulation, Coronary circulation - Coronary anatomy, Coronary circulation - Left coronary artery, Coronary circulation - Right coronary artery, Coronary circulation - Coronary artery dominance, Coronary circulation - Blood supply of the papillary muscles, Coronary circulation - Coronary flow

Read more here: » Coronary circulation: Encyclopedia II - Coronary circulation - Coronary anatomy

Nitroglycerin is prepared by nitration of glycerol (also known as glycerin). In the process, glycerin is slowly tipped into a mix of full concentration nitric and sulfuric acids (about 50% sulfuric acid, 40% nitric acid, and 5-10% glycerin). The mixed acid must be cooled to approximately room temperature before the glycerin is added because they exotherm (heat up) greatly when combined. The solution is slowly stirred. A few seconds after mixing, the vessel must be immersed in a jacket of ice water to prevent the exothermic reaction from over ...

See also:

Nitroglycerin, Nitroglycerin - History, Nitroglycerin - Instability and desensitization, Nitroglycerin - Detonation, Nitroglycerin - Preparation, Nitroglycerin - Manufacturing, Nitroglycerin - Medical use, Nitroglycerin - Other uses

Read more here: » Nitroglycerin: Encyclopedia II - Nitroglycerin - Preparation

Levo-Transposition of the great arteries - Description. In a normal heart, oxygen-depleted ("blue") blood is pumped from the right atrium into the right ventricle, then through the pulmonary artery to the lungs where it is oxygenated. The oxygen-rich ("red") blood then returns, via the pulmonary veins, to the left atrium from which it is pumped into the left ventricle, then through ...

See also:

Levo-Transposition of the great arteries, Levo-Transposition of the great arteries - Overview, Levo-Transposition of the great arteries - Description, Levo-Transposition of the great arteries - Variations and similar defects, Levo-Transposition of the great arteries - Symptoms and diagnoses, Levo-Transposition of the great arteries - Symptoms, Levo-Transposition of the great arteries - Diagnosis, Levo-Transposition of the great arteries - Prognosis

Read more here: » Levo-Transposition of the great arteries: Encyclopedia II - Levo-Transposition of the great arteries - Overview

ICD-10 Chapter I: Diseases of the circulatory system - I00-I02 Acute rheumatic fever. (I00) Rheumatic fever without mention of heart involvement (I01) Rheumatic fever with heart involvement (I02) Rheumatic chorea ICD-10 Chapter I: Diseases of the circulatory system - I05-I09 Chronic rheumatic heart diseases. (I05) Rheumatic mitral valve diseases (I050) Mitral stenosis (I051) Rheumatic mitral insufficiency (I052) Mi ...

See also:

ICD-10 Chapter I: Diseases of the circulatory system, ICD-10 Chapter I: Diseases of the circulatory system - I00-I99 - Diseases of the circulatory system, ICD-10 Chapter I: Diseases of the circulatory system - I00-I02 Acute rheumatic fever, ICD-10 Chapter I: Diseases of the circulatory system - I05-I09 Chronic rheumatic heart diseases, ICD-10 Chapter I: Diseases of the circulatory system - I10-I15 Hypertensive diseases, ICD-10 Chapter I: Diseases of the circulatory system - I20-I25 Ischaemic heart diseases, ICD-10 Chapter I: Diseases of the circulatory system - I26-I28 Pulmonary heart disease and diseases of pulmonary circulation, ICD-10 Chapter I: Diseases of the circulatory system - I30-I52 Other forms of heart disease, ICD-10 Chapter I: Diseases of the circulatory system - I60-I69 Cerebrovascular diseases, ICD-10 Chapter I: Diseases of the circulatory system - I70-I79 Diseases of arteries arterioles and capillaries, ICD-10 Chapter I: Diseases of the circulatory system - I80-I89 Diseases of veins lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes not elsewhere classified, ICD-10 Chapter I: Diseases of the circulatory system - I95-I99 Other and unspecified disorders of the circulatory system

Read more here: » ICD-10 Chapter I: Diseases of the circulatory system: Encyclopedia II - ICD-10 Chapter I: Diseases of the circulatory system - I00-I99 - Diseases of the circulatory system

If the diagnosis is made in a standard hospital or other clinical facility, the baby will be transferred to a children's hospital, if such facilities are available, for specialized paediatric treatment and equipment. The patient will require constant monitoring and care in an intensive care unit (ICU). Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Palliative. Palliative treatment is normally administered prior to corrective surgery in order to reduce the symptoms of d-TGA (and any other complications), giving the newborn or infant a better ch ...

See also:

Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Overview, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Description, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Variations and similar defects, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Symptoms and diagnoses, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Prenatal d-TGA, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Symptoms, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Diagnosis, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Prognosis, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Treatment, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Palliative, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Corrective, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Post-operative, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Follow-up, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Statistics

Read more here: » Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries: Encyclopedia II - Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Treatment

Arguably the most valuable use of IVUS has been in research to better understand the behavior of the atherosclerosis process in living people. Based on the angiographic view and long popular medical beliefs, it had long been assumed that areas of high grade narrowing of the opening within the coronary arteries, visible by angiography, were the likely points at which most heart attacks would occur. However, IVUS enables more accurately visualizing not only the lumen of the coronary arteries but also the atheroma "hidden" within the wall. IVUS has thus enabled advances in clinical ...

See also:

Intravascular ultrasound, Intravascular ultrasound - Advantages over Angiography, Intravascular ultrasound - Disadvantages versus angiography only, Intravascular ultrasound - Method, Intravascular ultrasound - Uses

Read more here: » Intravascular ultrasound: Encyclopedia II - Intravascular ultrasound - Advantages over Angiography

The proper way to handle a medical emergency is to activate emergency medical services by calling for help using a local emergency telephone number, such as 911 in Canada or the United States, 999 in the UK, 112 in most of continental Europe, 119 in South Korea and Japan, 000 in Australia and 111 in New Zealand. Operators will generally require the caller's name and location and some information on person that is being called about (level of consciousness, injuries, name ...

See also:

Medical emergency, Medical emergency - Response, Medical emergency - Clinical response

Read more here: » Medical emergency: Encyclopedia II - Medical emergency - Response

Nitroglycerin is prepared by nitration of glycerol (also known as glycerin). In the process, glycerin is slowly tipped into a mix of full concentration nitric and sulfuric acids (about 50% sulfuric acid, 40% nitric acid, and 5-10% glycerin). The mixed acid must be cooled to approximately room temperature before the glycerin is added because they exotherm (heat up) greatly when combined. The solution is slowly stirred. A few seconds after mixing, the vessel must be immersed in a jacket of ice water to prevent the exothermic reaction from over ...

See also:

Nitroglycerin, Nitroglycerin - History, Nitroglycerin - Instability and desensitization, Nitroglycerin - What is detonation?, Nitroglycerin - Preparation, Nitroglycerin - Manufacturing, Nitroglycerin - Medical use, Nitroglycerin - Other Uses

Read more here: » Nitroglycerin: Encyclopedia II - Nitroglycerin - Preparation

LDL particles actually vary in size and density, and studies have shown that a pattern that has more small dense LDL particles -- called "Pattern B" -- equates to a higher risk factor for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) than does a pattern with more of the larger "fluffy" LDL particles ("Pattern A"). This is because the smaller particles are more easily able to penetrate the endothelium. "Pattern I", meaning "intermediate", indicates that most LDL particles are very clo ...

See also:

Low density lipoprotein, Low density lipoprotein - Function, Low density lipoprotein - Role in disease, Low density lipoprotein - Recommended range; changing targets, Low density lipoprotein - Measurement methods, Low density lipoprotein - LDL subtype patterns

Read more here: » Low density lipoprotein: Encyclopedia II - Low density lipoprotein - LDL subtype patterns

Rather than in hypoxia, a more general term denoting a shortage of oxygen, ischæmia is an absolute or relative shortage of the blood supply to an organ. Relative shortage means the mismatch of blood supply (oxygen delivery) and blood request for adequate oxygenation of tissue. Ischæmia can also be described as an inadequate flow of blood to a part of the body, caused by constriction or blockage of the blood vessels supplying it. Ischemia of ...

See also:

Ischemia, Ischemia - Mechanism, Ischemia - Consequences

Read more here: » Ischemia: Encyclopedia II - Ischemia - Mechanism

Insulin - Principles. Insulin is absolutely required for all animal (including human) life. The mechanism is almost identical in nematode worms (e.g. C. elegans), fish, and in mammals. In humans, insulin deprivation due to the removal or destruction of the pancreas leads to death in days or at most weeks. Insulin must be administered to patients in whom there is a lack of the hormone for this, or any other, reason. C ...

See also:

Insulin, Insulin - Discovery and characterization, Insulin - Structure and production, Insulin - Actions on cellular and metabolic level, Insulin - Regulatory action on blood glucose, Insulin - Signal transduction, Insulin - The brain and hypoglycemia, Insulin - Diseases and syndromes caused by an insulin disturbance, Insulin - Insulin as a medication, Insulin - Principles, Insulin - Modes of administration, Insulin - Dosage and timing, Insulin - Types, Insulin - Abuse, Insulin - Timeline

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Although folklore about putatively 90% dormant human brain has proven scientifically unfounded, researchers until the mid 1990s focused on only a small portion of the brain in efforts to understand its computational capacity. Grey matter, the thin layer of cells covering the cerebrum, was believed by most scholars to be the primary center of cognitive and conscious processing. White matter, the mass of glial cells that support the cerebral grey matter, was assumed to primarily provide nourishment, physical support and connective pathw ...

See also:

Human brain, Human brain - Overview, Human brain - Anatomy, Human brain - Function, Human brain - Study of the brain, Human brain - Myths, Human brain - Brain enhancement, Human brain - Comparison of the brain and a computer

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The proper way to handle a medical emergency is to activate emergency medical services by calling for help using a local emergency telephone number, such as 911 in Canada or the United States, 999 in the UK, 112 in most of continental Europe, 119 in South Korea, 000 in Australia and 111 in New Zealand. Operators will generally require the caller's name and location and some information on person that is being called about (level of consciousness, injuries, name ...

See also:

Medical emergency, Medical emergency - Response, Medical emergency - Clinical response

Read more here: » Medical emergency: Encyclopedia II - Medical emergency - Response

Nanobacterium sanguineum was proposed in 1998 as an explanation of certain kinds of pathologic calcification (apatite in kidney stones) by Finnish researcher Olavi Kajander and Turkish researcher Neva Ciftcioglu, working at the University of Kuopio in Finland. According to the researchers the particles self-replicated in microbiological culture, and the researchers further reported having identified a DNA sequence. Later studies by another group reached different results, suggesting peculiar yet inanimate etiology of the diseas ...

See also:

Nanobacterium, Nanobacterium - 1996 Martian meteorite claims, Nanobacterium - 1998-2000 claims, Nanobacterium - April 2004 claims, Nanobacterium - May 2004 claims, Nanobacterium - February 2005 NASA Results, Nanobacterium - Sources

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There are several types of pressure points, each of which is applied differently, and each one creates different effects. Some of the principles are discussed below: Pain: Some points are painful, because of the prevalence of nerves in the area. For example, being prodded in the throat is painful. The body has a pain withdrawal reflex, whereby it reacts to pain by moving away from it. Martial artists make use of this, sometimes without being aware of it. Applying pressure next to the collar bone, from above, will cause the pers ...

See also:

Pressure point, Pressure point - Martial arts applications, Pressure point - Control of bleeding

Read more here: » Pressure point: Encyclopedia II - Pressure point - Martial arts applications

Some men have penile amputations, known as penectomies, for medical reasons. Cancer, for example, sometimes necessitates removal of all or part of the penis. In very rare instances, botched childhood circumcisions have also resulted in full or partial penectomies. Genital surgical procedures for transwomen (transgendered or transsexual women) undergoing sex reassignment surgery, do not usually involve the complete removal of the penis; part or all of the glans is usually kept and reshaped as a clitoris, and the skin of the penile shaf ...

See also:

Penis removal, Penis removal - The missing penis in Egyptian myth, Penis removal - Human penis removal in medicine and psychology, Penis removal - Involuntary penis removal assault, Penis removal - Symbolism and ramifications of involuntary penis removal, Penis removal - Penis Removal in Urban Legend, Penis removal - Documented cases

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Cigarette packets and other tobacco packaging must include warnings in the same size and format and using the same approved texts (in the appropriate local languages) in all member states of the European Union. These warnings are displayed in black Helvetica bold on a white background with a thick black border. Ireland prefaces its warnings with "Irish Government Warning". In member states with more than one official language the warnings are displayed in all languages, with the sizes adjusted accordingly (for example in Belgium the m ...

See also:

Tobacco packaging warning signs, Tobacco packaging warning signs - United States of America, Tobacco packaging warning signs - Australia, Tobacco packaging warning signs - Canada, Tobacco packaging warning signs - European Union, Tobacco packaging warning signs - United Kingdom and Ireland, Tobacco packaging warning signs - France, Tobacco packaging warning signs - Italy, Tobacco packaging warning signs - Russian Federation, Tobacco packaging warning signs - Spoof cigarette warnings

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In 1978 from his prison cell, he was even allowed to "take part" in the elections for Interim Batasang Pambansa (Parliament). Although his friends, former Senators Gerry Roxas and Jovito Salonga preferred "boycott", Aquino urged his supporters and allies "outside" to organize to run 21 candidates in Metro Manila. Thus his political party, dubbed "Lakas ng Bayan" (People's Power), was born, with a fighting acronym that was more than appropriate: "LABAN" (Fight). Ninoy was allowed one television "interview" on "Face the Nation" (hosted ...

See also:

Benigno Aquino Jr., Benigno Aquino Jr. - Biography, Benigno Aquino Jr. - Political Career, Benigno Aquino Jr. - On the road to Martial Law, Benigno Aquino Jr. - Batasang Pambansa Parliament Elections and Heart Bypass Surgery, Benigno Aquino Jr. - I will go back to the Philippines, Benigno Aquino Jr. - Assassination and Aftermath

Read more here: » Benigno Aquino Jr.: Encyclopedia II - Benigno Aquino Jr. - Batasang Pambansa Parliament Elections and Heart Bypass Surgery