Antrozoidae Craseonycteridae Emballonuridae Furipteridae Megadermatidae Molossidae Mormoopidae Mystacinidae Myzopodidae Natalidae Noctilionidae Nycteridae Phyllostomidae Pteropodidae Rhinolophidae Rhinopomatidae Thyropteridae Vespertilionidae Bats are flying mammals in the Chiroptera order with forelimbs developed as wings. Other mammals, such as flying squirrels or gliding phalangers, can glide limited distances, ...

Including:

• Bat - Classification
• Bat - Reproduction
• Bat - Habits and Behavior
• Bat - Enemies
• Bat - Vector for rabies
• Bat - Cultural aspects
• Bat - References

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Bleeding is the loss of blood from the body. Children are put more in danger by bleeding as they have less blood to lose. The average adult human will be in medical danger after 2 liters (2 quarts) and could die of hypovolemic shock if more blood is lost. The complete loss of blood is referred to as exsanguination. Bleeding - Types of bleeding. minor traumatic bleeding: bleeding from small and superficial wounds; the loss of blood is not dangerous and the bleeding will stop spontaneously; the m ...

Including:

• Bleeding - Types of bleeding
• Bleeding - First aid
• Bleeding - Minor traumatic bleeding
• Bleeding - Severe traumatic bleeding
• Bleeding - Externalised bleeding
• Bleeding - Internal bleeding
• Bleeding - Risk of blood contamination
• Bleeding - Medical care

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The penis (plural penises or penes) or phallus is an external male sexual organ. The penis is the male reproductive organ and for mammals additionally serves as the external male organ of urination. The penis is homologous to the female clitoris. Both develop from the same embryonic structure. Penis - Linguistics. Penis - Etymology. The word is derived from the Latin word for tail, also used to describe the organ, "penis". The Latin word ...

Including:

• Penis - Linguistics
• Penis - Etymology
• Penis - Synonyms
• Penis - The human penis
• Penis - Structure
• Penis - Relation to female genitals
• Penis - Erection
• Penis - Size
• Penis - Normal variations
• Penis - Disorders affecting the penis
• Penis - Altering the male genitalia
• Penis - Fears and reassurance
• Penis - Non-human penises
• Penis - Cultural aspects involving penises
• Penis - Uses of animal penises
• Penis - Uses of human penises in cultural traditions

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In medicine, a person's pulse is the throbbing of their arteries as an effect of the heart beat. It can be felt at the neck, at the wrist and other places. The pulse results from pressure waves moving through the blood vessels, which are pliable; it is not caused by the forward movement of the blood. When the heart contracts, blood is ejected into the aorta and the aorta stretches. At this point the wave of distention (pulse wave) is most pronounced, but relatively slow-moving (3 to 5 m/s). As it travels towards the peri ...

Including:

• Pulse - Common pulse points

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An anastomosis (plural anastomoses) is a connection between two structures, organs or spaces. It commonly refers to connections between blood vessel or another tubular structure such as a loop of intestine. For example, when a segment of intestine is resected, the two remaining ends are sewn or stapled together (anastomosed), and the procedure is referred to as an intestinal anastomosis. Including:

• Anastomosis - Circulatory anastomoses
• Anastomosis - Surgical anastomoses
• Anastomosis - Others

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Anatomy (from the Greek ἀνατομία anatomia, from ἀνατέμνειν anatemnein, to cut up, cut open), is the branch of biology that deals with the structure and organization of living things. It can be divided into animal anatomy (zootomy) and plant anatomy (phytonomy). Major branches of anatomy include comparative anatomy, histology, and human anatomy. Anatomy - Animal anatomy. Including:

• Anatomy - Animal anatomy
• Anatomy - Human anatomy
• Anatomy - Major body systems
• Anatomy - Organs
• Anatomy - Bones in the human skeleton
• Anatomy - Glands
• Anatomy - Tissues
• Anatomy - Externally visible parts of the human body
• Anatomy - Other anatomic terms not classified

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An aneurysm (or aneurism) (from Greek ανευρυσμα, a dilatation) is a localized dilation or ballooning of a blood vessel by more than 50% of the diameter of the vessel. Aneurysms most commonly occur in the arteries at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis) and in the aorta (the main artery coming out of the heart) - this is an aortic aneurysm. The layer of the artery that is in direct contact with the flow of blood is the tunica intima, commonly called the intima. This layer is made up of mainly endot ...

Including:

• Aneurysm - Types
• Aneurysm - Locations
• Aneurysm - Risks
• Aneurysm - Formation
• Aneurysm - Treatment of brain aneurysms
• Aneurysm - Related topics

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Ambroise Paré (1510 – December 20, 1590) was a French surgeon, the official royal surgeon for kings Henry II, Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III, and a leader in surgical techniques, especially the treatment of wounds. Paré was born in Bourg en Hersent, near Laval in Mayenne. Paré was a major figure of surgery in the 16th century. After his apprenticeship at the Hôtel-Dieu in Paris between 1533 and 1536, he soon became a military surgeon during the campaigns in Italy. In this occasion, he discovered a remedy against the pain of the wounded by firearms. Much of Paré's ex ...

Including:

• Ambroise Paré - Quotation

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Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib or VF) is a cardiac condition which consists of a lack of coordination of the contraction of the muscle tissue of the large chambers of the heart that eventually leads to the heart stopping altogether. Ventricular fibrillation - Introduction. Ventricular fibrillation is considered a medical emergency. If the arrhythmia continues for more than a few seconds, blood circulation will cease, as evidenced by lack of pulse, blood pressure and respiration, and death wil ...

Including:

• Ventricular fibrillation - Introduction
• Ventricular fibrillation - Historical aspects
• Ventricular fibrillation - Mechanisms of ventricular fibrillation
• Ventricular fibrillation - Detailed description
• Ventricular fibrillation - Prevalence
• Ventricular fibrillation - Treatment
• Ventricular fibrillation - Re-entry
• Ventricular fibrillation - Abnormal automaticity
• Ventricular fibrillation - Triggered activity
• Ventricular fibrillation - Characteristics of the ventricular fibrillation waveform
• Ventricular fibrillation - Power spectrum
• Ventricular fibrillation - Frequency characteristics of ventricular fibrillation

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In anatomy, ribs (Latin costae) are the long curved bones which form the rib cage. Ribs surround the chest (Latin thorax) of land vertebrates, and protect the lungs, heart, and other internal organs of the thoracic cavity. In mammals, one generally thinks of ribs only occurring in the chest. However, fused-on remnants of ribs can be traced in development in neck vertebrae and sacral vertebrae. In reptiles, ribs sometimes occur in all vertebrae from the neck to the sacrum. Fish can have up to four ribs on each vert ...

Including:

• Rib - Types of Ribs
• Rib - Rib Anatomy
• Rib - Typical ribs
• Rib - Atypical ribs
• Rib - Rib Fractures and Associated Injuries
• Rib - Bifid rib bifurcated rib
• Rib - Biblical Legend
• Rib - Notes

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A weapon is a tool which can be used during combat to kill or incapacitate, to destroy property, or to otherwise render resources non-functional or unavailable. It may be used to attack and defend, and consequently also to threaten. The use of weapons has been recorded since the advent of cave painting, and the process has been formulated resulting in both martial arts and strategic doctrines. Metaphorically, anything used to damage (even psychologically) can be referred to as a weapon. A weapon can be as simple as a club or as ...

Including:

• Weapon - History
• Weapon - Ancient Weapons
• Weapon - Combustion-powered weapons
• Weapon - Nuclear Weapons
• Weapon - Information Warfare
• Weapon - Types of weapons
• Weapon - Weapons by era

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Vessel can refer to any of the following: Vessel - Objects. Vessel (French vaisseau, from a rare Latin vascellum, diminutive of vas), a word of somewhat wide application for many objects such as vas differens, the meaning common to them being capacity to hold or contain something. Thus it is a general term for any utensil capable of containing liquids, and for those tubular structures in anatomy, such as the arteries, veins or lymphatics, which conta ...

Including:

• Vessel - Objects
• Vessel - Persons

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Atherosclerosis is a disease affecting arterial blood vessels (as well as veins that have been surgically moved to function as arteries). Athēra is porridge in Greek, as the plaque changes have a foamy appearance under high-power light microscopy. Sclerosis denotes hardening; calcification within the oldest, outermost portion of atheroma increase wall stiffness. Some sources draw a distinction between "Arteriosclerosis," "Atherosclerosis," and "Arteriolosclerosis". In these contexts, "Atherosclerosis" is used whe ...

Including:

• Atherosclerosis - Symptoms
• Atherosclerosis - Atherogenesis
• Atherosclerosis - Cellular
• Atherosclerosis - Calcification and lipids
• Atherosclerosis - Visible features
• Atherosclerosis - Stenosis and rupture
• Atherosclerosis - Diagnosis of plaque-related disease
• Atherosclerosis - Risk factors
• Atherosclerosis - Treatment
• Atherosclerosis - Recent research
• Atherosclerosis - Related topics

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William Harvey (1578–1657) was a medical doctor who is credited with first correctly describing, in exact detail, the properties of blood being pumped around the body by the heart. This developed the ideas of René Descartes who in his Description of the Human Body said that the arteries and veins were pipes and carried nourishment round the body. Many believe he discovered and extended early Muslim medicine especially the work of Ibn Nafis, who had laid out the principles and major arteries and veins in the 13th century. ...

Including:

• William Harvey - Early life and education
• William Harvey - New circulatory model
• William Harvey - Embryology
• William Harvey - Criticism of Harvey's Work
• William Harvey - Honours
• William Harvey - Writings

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A coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or heart bypass is a surgical procedure performed in patients with coronary artery disease (see atherosclerosis) for the relief of angina and possible improved heart muscle function. Veins or arteries from elsewhere in the patient's body are grafted from the aorta to the coronary arteries, bypassing coronary artery narrowings caused by atherosclerosis and improving the blood supply to the myocardium (heart muscle). Coronary artery bypass surgery - Prognosis. Prognosis f ...

Including:

• Coronary artery bypass surgery - Prognosis
• Coronary artery bypass surgery - Technical description
• Coronary artery bypass surgery - Conduits used for bypass
• Coronary artery bypass surgery - History

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Occlusion is a term indicating that the state of something, which is normally open, is now totally closed. In medicine, the term is often used to refer to blood vessels, arteries or veins which have become totally blocked to any blood flow. For issues of artery occlusion, see stenosis, atheroma, and coronary catheterization. In dentistry, the term is used to refer to the manner in which the teeth from upper and lowe ...

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Coronary heart disease (CHD), also called coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherosclerotic heart disease, is the end result of the accumulation of atheromatous plaques within the walls of the arteries that supply the myocardium (the muscle of the heart). While the symptoms and signs of coronary heart disease are noted in the advanced state of disease, most individuals with coronary heart disease show no evidence of disease for decades as the disease progresses before the first onset of symptoms, often a "sudden" heart attack, ...

Including:

• Coronary heart disease - Overview
• Coronary heart disease - Pathophysiology
• Coronary heart disease - Angina
• Coronary heart disease - Prevention
• Coronary heart disease - Preventive Diets
• Coronary heart disease - Recent research

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In biology, a vein is a blood vessel which returns blood from the microvasculature to the heart. Veins form part of the circulatory system. The vessels carrying blood away from the heart are known as arteries. Vein - Biological Vein. Veins have one-way valves to prevent backflow caused by gravity. In systemic circulation de-oxygenated blood from the capillary blood vessels is taken by veins to the right part of the heart. Differently, in the pulmonary circulation oxygenated blood from the lun ...

Including:

• Vein - Biological Vein

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The spleen is a ductless, vertebrate gland that is not necessary for life but is closely associated with the circulatory system, where it functions in the destruction of old red blood cells and removal of other debris from the bloodstream, and also in holding a reservoir of blood. It is regarded as one of the centres of activity of the reticuloendothelial system. Until recently, the purpose of the spleen was not known. It is increasingly recognised that its absence predisposes to certain infections. Spleen - Anatomy. ...

Including:

• Spleen - Anatomy
• Spleen - Disorders
• Spleen - Absence
• Spleen - Etymology and cultural views

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Bloodletting (or blood-letting, in modern medicine referred to as phlebotomy) was a popular medical practice from antiquity up to the late 19th century, involving the withdrawal of often considerable quantities of blood from a patient in the belief that this would cure or prevent illness and disease. The practice has been largely abandoned due to its proven ineffectiveness against all but a few conditions. The term "phlebotomy" is still sometimes used for the taking of blood for laboratory analysis or blood transf ...

Including:

• Bloodletting - Bloodletting in the ancient world
• Bloodletting - Bloodletting in the last millennium
• Bloodletting - Phlebotomy today

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A coronary catheterization is a minimally invasive procedure to access the coronary circulation and blood filled chambers of the heart using a catheter. It is performed for both diagnostic and interventional (treatment) purposes. Coronary catheterization is one of the several Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures. Specifically, coronary catheterization is a visually interpreted test performed to recognize occlusion, stenosis, restenosis, thrombosis or aneurysmal enlargement the coronary artery lumens, heart chamber size, h ...

Including:

• Coronary catheterization - History
• Coronary catheterization - Patient participation
• Coronary catheterization - Equipment
• Coronary catheterization - Diagnostic Procedure Description
• Coronary catheterization - Catheterization to physically treat luminal disease
• Coronary catheterization - Advances in catheter based physical treatments

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